Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Parks and Their Driving Forces in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Xuhui Wang ◽  
Kewei Liu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Average Size

Urban parks play a key role in recreational activities, public health, and ecosystem services in urban areas. Using GIS and Fragstats, this study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban parks in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015 and the corresponding driving forces. The results show that the number and area of parks in Xi'an increased constantly during this period, especially from 2000 to 2015. Up to 2015, small green spaces, usually adjacent to streets, occupied the largest proportion among all types of parks. Archaeological parks were the largest in total area, but wetland parks were leading in average size of a single park. The density of parks was negatively correlated with their distance to the Clock Tower at the center of Xi'an. The dynamics of urban parks in highly urbanized areas were significantly different from that of their counterparts in suburban areas. Driving forces such as urban planning, urbanization and green space policies, and milestone events in the city's development jointly had a great effect on the distribution of parks in Xi'an. The research outcomes will support the upcoming Green Space Planning of Xi'an and benefit the pursuit of sustainability and human wellbeing.

scholarly journals Optimization of Green Space Planning to Improve Ecosystem Services Efficiency: The Case of Chongqing Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8441
Author(s):  
Shuiyu Yan ◽  
Jun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Buffer Analysis ◽  
Gis Software

This paper applied landscape indexes to evaluate the size, form, and structure of green spaces in the mountainous city of Chongqing and found that green spaces benefit from certain advantages in size, but the network suffered from low heterogeneity and limited interconnectivity. To ensure the integrity and continuity of ecological processes and improve the efficiency of ecosystem services (ES), the authors used Geographic Information System (GIS) software to conduct adaptability evaluation and adjacent buffer analysis for the existing green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and other landscapes with relatively high capacity for ES. We designed a comprehensive map of potential areas for UGS expansion by superimposing the maps obtained from adaptability evaluation and buffer analysis. We also proposed some strategies that respect, consider, and evaluate aspects and special features of urban environment to optimize green space planning and improve ES efficiency, such as protection of important areas, development of green corridors, and careful consideration of ecological processes and complex functions in urban areas. Based on these strategies, the paper put forth suggestions for green space planning to improve ES efficiency that can function as foundation for subsequent green space planning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Equity and Regional Management of Some Urban Green Space Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Main Urban Area of Xi’an City

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Hui Dang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Zixiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Xi’An City

Urban green spaces can provide many types of ecosystem services for residents. An imbalance in the pattern of green spaces leads to an inequality of the benefits of such spaces. Given the current situation of environmental problems and the basic geographical conditions of Xi’an City, this study evaluated and mapped four kinds of ecosystem services from the perspective of equity: biodiversity, carbon sequestration, air purification, and climate regulation. Regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning (REDCAP) was used to obtain the partition groups of ecosystem services. The results indicate that first, the complexity of the urban green space community is low, and the level of biodiversity needs to be improved. The dry deposition flux of particulate matter (PM2.5) decreases from north to south, and green spaces enhance the adsorption of PM2.5. Carbon sequestration in the south and east is higher than that in the north and west, respectively. The average surface temperature in green spaces is lower than that in other urban areas. Second, urban green space resources in the study area are unevenly distributed. Therefore, ecosystem services in different areas are inequitable. Finally, based on the regionalization of integrated ecosystem services, an ecosystem services cluster was developed. This included 913 grid spaces, 12 partitions, and 5 clusters, which can provide a reference for distinct levels of ecosystem services management. This can assist urban managers who can use these indicators of ecosystem service levels for planning and guiding the overall development pattern of green spaces. The benefits would be a maximization of the ecological functions of green spaces, an improvement of the sustainable development of the city, and an improvement of people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Differences in Walking Time of Children and Adolescents to Public Green Spaces in Urban Areas—Results of the German Environmental Survey (2014–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Julia Rehling ◽  
Christiane Bunge ◽  
Julia Waldhauer ◽  
André Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Environmental Survey ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Public Green Space ◽  
Walking Time

Public green spaces have a high potential for a positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing, especially in urban areas. Studies on environmental justice indicate socially unequal access possibilities to urban green spaces. This article presents results on associations between individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and walking time from home to public green spaces in young people living in urban areas with more than 20,000 inhabitants in Germany. Data were derived from the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014–2017 (GerES V), the environmental module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The sample comprises 1149 participants aged 3 to 17 years. A total of 51.5% of the participants reach a public green space on foot within five and 72.8% within ten minutes from home. The lower the participant’s SEP, the longer the walking time. Logistic regression models controlling for age group, sex, migration background, and region of residence show that participants with a low SEP have a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.99) of needing more than ten minutes to walk from home to a public green space than participants with a high SEP. GerES V data indicate that young people living in urban areas in Germany do not equally benefit from the health-promoting potential of green spaces, which is an important aspect of environmental health inequalities.

scholarly journals Green Spaces in Residential Areas of Dar es Salaam City: Types, Coverage and Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nicholaus Mwageni ◽  
Robert Kiunsi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City ◽  
The City

Green spaces in urban areas including in Dar es Salaam City provide multiple ecological, social and economic benefits. Despite their benefits they are inadequately documented in terms types, coverage and uses. This paper attempts to provide information on types, coverage and uses of green space in Dar es Salaam City. A number of methods including literature review, interpretation of remotely sensed image, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to document city greenery. The research findings show that residential greenery is made up of greenery found within and external to plots. The dominant green spaces external to residential plots were natural and semi natural vegetation while within plots were woody plants, plots farms vegetable and ornamental gardens. Distribution of greenery varied among the wards due to differences in building density and distance from the city centre. Natural and semi natural vegetation increased with decrease of building density and increase of distance from the city centre, while the number of plots with trees for shade increased with increase of building density. Only Kawe ward that had greenery above Tanzania space planning standards, the other three wards which are informal settlements had green space deficit. Three quarters of the households use green spaces for shade provision and cooling, two thirds as a source of food products and a quarter for recreation and aesthetic purposes. The study reveals that Dar es Salaam City residents invest predominantly on shade trees in their residential plots compared to other green space types.

The barriers to millennials visiting Rouge Urban National Park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Ramsay ◽  
Rachel Dodds ◽  
Daniela Furtado ◽  
Yana Mykhayletska ◽  
Anna Kirichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
National Park ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Road Congestion

Intensified urbanization has led to more populated cities and less green spaces which are vital to community health, wellbeing and conservation. Rouge Urban National Park in Toronto has recently become Canada’s first urban national park. This park is ideally suited to the millennial population, offering outdoor recreation and green space that this growing market generally desires. There is, however, a lack of research into visitor motivations to urban parks and more specifically millennial motivations. Findings from 280 quantitative surveys found three main barriers to visiting the Urban National Park: distance, transportation, and awareness. The lack of public transport combined with road congestion and fewer millennials owning cars creates issues with accessibility. Poor branding and knowledge through electronic media creates low awareness within a demographic market so tied to technology. Keywords: urban national parks; millennials; distance decay theory; visitor motivations; Canada

scholarly journals Developing Green Infrastructure for Baghdad City

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeel Kamal AbdulRazzaq ◽  
Mayasa Farkad Abdul Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
The Public

The public green spaces in Baghdad city have an obvious shortage and doesn’t fulfill and meet the needs of the population and the required open space criteria, moreover these green spaces are disjointed, disconnected and does not function as a unified system, that is why it suffers from neglect which contributes to deterioration of the city’s environment and increasing air pollution.     Human beings depended on nature into providing clean air and good health, with the growth of the population and the urban areas, there has been negative influence on the natural environmental system. A new term lately appeared “Green Infrastructure”especially in the developed countries (USA, UK and other countries in Europe), as one form of solutions to conserve the natural environmental system of green and open spaces. Consequently this thesis depended on this new green space approach to solve the green spaces problem in Baghdad city and suggested new sites in different locations in the city to be a new green spaces connected to the existing green spaces in Baghdad. This will increase the public green space areas, accessibility to these areas and social cohesion, it will also contribute to the improvement of the city’s environment by reducing air pollution and reducing air temperature especially during the long summer season. Other economic benefits could be achieved by planning for a connected network of green spaces in Baghdad city as well.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Changed Human-Nature Interactions across Green Space Types: Evidence of Change in Multiple Types of Activities from the West Bank, Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13831
Author(s):  
Emad B. Dawwas ◽  
Karen Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
The West ◽  
Urban Green Spaces

COVID-19 stay-at-home orders impacted the way humans interacted with built and natural environments. Previous research on the human use of green spaces during the pandemic, largely conducted in a Western context, has found increased use of home gardens and urban green spaces, and decreased visitation to conservation areas. We explored changes in residents’ outdoor nature-associated activities during the pandemic in the West Bank, Palestine. We used a web-based survey to ask residents about their passive, interactive, and extractive outdoor activities that take place in home gardens, urban parks, and natural areas. Overall, our 1278 respondents spent less time with family and friends and more time alone. We found differences in respondent’s participation in activities both between green space types and between activity types. Participation in passive appreciation of nature activities increased for home gardens but decreased in urban parks and natural areas. Interactive activities, including cultivation, increased for all areas, while extractive activities stayed the same or decreased. Only in natural areas did respondents’ demographics explain changes in activity participation rates after the pandemic. Residents’ increased time alone raises concerns about mental health. The differences we observed in activity participation across green space types highlights the importance of looking across different types of natural spaces and different activities in the same setting, as well as examining non-Western settings.

scholarly journals The Need of Green Open Spaces as the Effect of Urban Waterfront Development in Sungai Bilu, a Stream Corridor Neighbourhood in Banjarmasin

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 03015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanny Maria Caesarina ◽  
Nadia Humaida ◽  
Muhammad Faiz Amali ◽  
Muhammad Wira Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Waterfront Development ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
River City ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Urban Waterfront

Banjarmasin which is known as “the thousands river city” has avery close relationship with the waterfront. However, the pressure toupgrade the quality and quantity of urban areas has urged the localgovernment to do some new projects by sacrificing some natural cityelements. This has transformed Banjarmasin’s urban waterfront and riversin many ways. This study conducted to know the effect of urban waterfrontdevelopment in forming the green space in a stream corridorneighbourhood. For this purpose, green neighbourhood elements have beenused to indicate: how the waterfront development has affected theneighbourhood; the respond of local residents of the urban waterfrontdevelopment; and as the result is the urgent need of green spaces in theneighbourhood of stream corridors. The contents of these indicators areillustrated by analysing a stream corridor neighbourhood in Banjarmasincalled Sungai Bilu. This article was based on post evaluation andunderlying ideas of how the urban waterfront transformation has affectedthe need of public green open spaces in the neighbourhoods.

Assessment of Changes in Green Space of Nanjing City Using 1998 and 2007 Landsat Satellite Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Hao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Central City ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Landsat Satellite

Conservation of green space is crucial to the sustainable urban development of China. Nanjing is a central city in the Yangtze River Delta cluster in eastern China. Owing to urbanization, the green spaces in this city have been affected significantly in terms of their scale and structure. Assessing such changes can provide a basis for environmental protection measures and sustainable development. Using Landsat remote-sensing image data from 1998 and 2007, we constructed a distribution map of the patches of green spaces in Nanjing, and analyzed and assessed the changes in scale and spatial layout of the green spaces using various landscape metrics including CA, PLAND, PD, MPS, LPI, NP, PD, TE, ED, MPI, and LSI. Coinciding with a sharp increase in urban population, the area of green spaces in Nanjing decreased by 27.06% between 1998 and 2007. The patches of green space increased by 39%, and the average area per patch decreased by about 47.52%. Green space patches were found to be unevenly distributed among the districts of Nanjing. In urban areas, significant numbers of such patches were found primarily in various types of parks, while in suburban areas, they were concentrated mainly in the hilly forestlands. Green spaces exhibited tendencies towards fragmentation, miniaturization, and discretization.

Influence of green space design on individual noise perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3130-3142
Author(s):  
Verena Zapf
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Visual Impression ◽  
Recreational Value ◽  
Space Design

Especially in urban areas, green spaces are important recreational destinations, yet they are often exposed to high levels of traffic noise. Therefore, it should be investigated to what extent the design of green spaces affects the perception of noise within the green spaces. For this purpose, four soundwalks with a total of 34 participants were conducted in the Großer Garten in Dresden, Germany. A range of acoustic and perceptual properties were measured and examined. Furthermore, the green space was characterised with regard to its vegetative design and the visibility of the noise sources, as well as evaluated by the participants with respect to visual impression and appropriateness. The statistical evaluation has shown that the visual impression, the appropriateness and the masking of the noise sources correlate significantly with the perceived loudness and pleasantness - but not with the eventfulness. With regard to vegetation, it was found that the diversity of vegetation correlates significantly with all three parameters of individual noise perception, whereas the quantity of vegetation does not. Thus, it can be said that appealing design, masking of the noise sources and diversity of vegetation reduce individual noise perception and therefore increase the recreational value.

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