scholarly journals Cosmogenic nuclide dating of the sediments of Bulmer Cavern: Implications for the uplift history of southern Northwest Nelson, South Island New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Holden
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽  
Alpine Fault ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Rapid Uplift

<p>The landscape of Northwest Nelson shows evidence of significant tectonic activity since the inception of the Austro-Pacific plate boundary in the Eocene. Evidence of subsidence followed by rapid uplift from the Eocene to the late Miocene is preserved in the sedimentary basins of Northwest Nelson. However, the effects of erosion mean there is very little evidence of post-Miocene tectonic activity preserved in the Northwest Nelson area. This is a period of particular interest, because it coincides with the onset of rapid uplift along the Alpine Fault, which is located to the south, and the very sparse published data for this period suggest very low uplift rates compared to other areas close to the Alpine Fault.  Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating of sediments preserved in Bulmer Cavern, indicate an uplift rate of 0.13mm/a from the mid-Pliocene to the start of the Pleistocene and 0.067mm/a since the start of the Pleistocene.  The Pleistocene uplift rate is similar to other published uplift rates for this period from the northern parts of Northwest Nelson, suggesting that the whole of Northwest Nelson has experienced relative tectonic stability compared to other areas close to the Alpine Fault during this period. The mid-Pliocene uplift rate is possibly the first precisely constrained uplift rate in the area for this period, and suggests that there has been a progressive decrease in uplift rates from much higher rates in the late Miocene.</p>

scholarly journals Cosmogenic nuclide dating of the sediments of Bulmer Cavern: Implications for the uplift history of southern Northwest Nelson, South Island New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Holden
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽  
Alpine Fault ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Rapid Uplift

<p>The landscape of Northwest Nelson shows evidence of significant tectonic activity since the inception of the Austro-Pacific plate boundary in the Eocene. Evidence of subsidence followed by rapid uplift from the Eocene to the late Miocene is preserved in the sedimentary basins of Northwest Nelson. However, the effects of erosion mean there is very little evidence of post-Miocene tectonic activity preserved in the Northwest Nelson area. This is a period of particular interest, because it coincides with the onset of rapid uplift along the Alpine Fault, which is located to the south, and the very sparse published data for this period suggest very low uplift rates compared to other areas close to the Alpine Fault.  Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating of sediments preserved in Bulmer Cavern, indicate an uplift rate of 0.13mm/a from the mid-Pliocene to the start of the Pleistocene and 0.067mm/a since the start of the Pleistocene.  The Pleistocene uplift rate is similar to other published uplift rates for this period from the northern parts of Northwest Nelson, suggesting that the whole of Northwest Nelson has experienced relative tectonic stability compared to other areas close to the Alpine Fault during this period. The mid-Pliocene uplift rate is possibly the first precisely constrained uplift rate in the area for this period, and suggests that there has been a progressive decrease in uplift rates from much higher rates in the late Miocene.</p>

New c. 270 kyr strike-slip and uplift rates for the southern Alpine Fault and implications for the New Zealand plate boundary

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Barth ◽  
D.K. Kulhanek ◽  
A.G. Beu ◽  
C.V. Murray-Wallace ◽  
B.W. Hayward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Alpine Fault ◽  
Uplift Rates

The 2020 volcano-tectonic unrest at Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland: stress triggering and reactivation of several volcanic systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halldór Geirsson ◽  
Michelle Parks ◽  
Kristín Vogfjörd ◽  
Páll Einarsson ◽  
Freysteinn Sigmundsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Swarm ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Reykjanes Peninsula

&lt;p&gt;The Reykjanes Peninsula in south-west Iceland straddles the North-America - Eurasia plate boundary and hosts several active volcanic systems, including the Svartsengi volcanic system. The last eruption in this area took place around 1240 CE, with eruptive episodes recurring every 800-1000 years, affecting one volcanic system at a time, but spanning multiple systems &amp;#160;with activity spaced ~100 to 200 years. In January 2020, unrest was identified in Svartsengi, characterized by intense seismicity and inflation at a rate of 3-4 mm per day. This area is located within 5 km of several important infrastructures: a) the town of Grindav&amp;#237;k; b) the Svartsengi geothermal power plant; c) and the Blue Lagoon geothermal spa, which had over a million annual visits before the Covid pandemy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two continuously recording GNSS stations were installed in the Svartsengi geothermal area in 2013-2015 to monitor geothermally-induced subsidence.&amp;#160; Coinciding with the onset of an earthquake swarm starting on January 21 (M&lt;4), uplift of about 3-4 mm/day was noticed in automated GNSS and InSAR results. The uplift rates in this first inflation phase decreased after January 31 and reverted to slight subsidence in early February. Interestingly, the most intense seismicity was offset from the uplift center by about 2-4 km to the southeast. Geodetic source models from the initial two weeks indicate the deformation is the result of a sill intrusion at a depth of about 4 km &amp;#160;with a volume change of approximately 3 &amp;#160;million m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. The resulting stress changes from this intrusion act to increase seismicity at the sill edges, thus offering an explanation for why the seismicity is offset from the center of uplift. The location of the sill coincides roughly with a crustal volume with a high V&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;/V&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two more inflation-deflation episodes have occurred at Svartsengi in 2020 and the total uplift amounts to approximately 12 cm. Additionally, at least one inflation episode occurred in the Reykjanes system, in February 2020, and inflation started in the Kr&amp;#253;suv&amp;#237;k system in mid-July 2020, culminating in a M5.6 earthquake on October 20. The Fagradalsfjall system, between Kr&amp;#253;suv&amp;#237;k and Svartsengi, has shown high seismicity in 2020, but does not display detectable inflation nor deflation. Therefore, the volcano-tectonic activity in 2020 spans the entire western part of the Reykjanes Peninsula. The stress changes for each of these events are too small to explain the cross-system activity, hence we suggest the entire unrest is &amp;#160;by deep magma migration beneath the entire western Reykjanes Peninsula.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Possible Causes of the Variability of Postglacial Uplift in North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Fillon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Isostatic Uplift ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Consistent Manner

Postglacial uplift data from 33 sites in northeastern North America reveal that during the period from 11,000 years B.P. to 7000 years B.P., glacio-isostatic uplift rates varied in a consistent manner with distance from the former margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The consistent trends of these uplift rate variations with distance from the former ice sheet margin suggest that they were not the result of changes in the rate of ice sheet retreat or local tectonic activity. They instead may have resulted from rebound affected significantly by the earth's viscosity at a depth approximately equal to the wavelength of isostatic deformation [McConnell, R.K., Jr., Journal of Geophysical Research70, 5171 (1965)]. Extremely high viscosities below 600 km, however, probably provide the lower limit for this relationship.

Using speleothems to constrain late Cenozoic uplift rates in karst terranes

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-760
Author(s):  
John Engel ◽  
Jon Woodhead ◽  
John Hellstrom ◽  
Susan White ◽  
Nicholas White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Karst Terranes

Abstract The utility of speleothems as environmental and geological archives has greatly expanded with recent advances in geochronology. Here we reevaluate their ability to constrain late Cenozoic uplift in karst terranes. Using combined U-Th and U-Pb speleothem chronologies for the Buchan karst along the passive margin of southeastern Australia, we calculate a maximum uplift rate of 76 ± 7 m m.y.−1 maintained over the past 3.5 m.y. The timing and extent of this process is consistent with independent constraints on Neogene uplift in Australia, possibly in response to increased plate-boundary strain with New Zealand. Speleothem chronologies provide highly precise age control on individual events and the potential for near-continuous records across long periods of geological time, complementing and expanding upon existing uplift proxies.

Constraining the regional uplift rate of the Corinth Isthmus area (Greece), through biostratigraphic and tectonic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aggelos Pallikarakis ◽  
Ioannis Papanikolaou ◽  
Klaus Reicherter ◽  
Maria Triantaphyllou ◽  
Margarita Dimiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Faults ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Corinth Gulf ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
Fault Slip Rates ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

The eastern Corinth Gulf is constantly uplifted at least since Middle Pleistocene. This uplift is the combined result of the regional uplift and the activity of major active faults which influence the area. These tectonic movements which control the sedimentation processes of the study area resulted in a complex stratigraphy, paleogeography and paleoenvironment of the Corinth Isthmus. Stratigraphy supported with nannofossil biozonation data, demonstrates that marine sedimentation processes occurred during MIS 7 and MIS 5, providing some important constraints regarding the uplift rate of the area. An 0.22 ± 0.12 mm/yr uplift rate is extracted through nannofossils biozonation which is in agreement with published data from U/Th coral dating in a neighboring setting, adding confidence to the measured uplift rates. In order to constrain the regional uplift of the area, the influence of the surrounding active faults has been extracted. The latter has been implemented by extracting the influence of each individual active fault to the study site (using the fault geometry, fault slip-rates, the fault dip and the fault footwall uplift/ hangingwall subsidence ratio), in order to calculate the regional uplift rate. By considering the stratigra- phy and the biostratigraphy of the eastern part of the Corinth Isthmus and by extracting the influence of the active faults, a~0.34 ± 0.04 mm/yr regional uplift is calculated.

scholarly journals The fluid budget of a continental plate boundary fault: Quantification from the Alpine Fault, New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona D. Menzies ◽  
Damon A.H. Teagle ◽  
Samuel Niedermann ◽  
Simon C. Cox ◽  
Dave Craw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Boundary Fault ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
Alpine Fault

Formation and preservation of marine terraces during multiple sea level stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca C Malatesta ◽  
Noah J. Finnegan ◽  
Kimberly Huppert ◽  
Emily Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Marine Terrace ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Wave Erosion ◽  
Mis 5E

&lt;p&gt;Marine terraces are a cornerstone for the study of paleo sea level and crustal deformation. Commonly, individual erosive marine terraces are attributed to unique sea level high-stands. This stems from early reasoning that marine platforms could only be significantly widened under moderate rates of sea level rise as at the beginning of an interglacial and preserved onshore by subsequent sea level fall. However, if marine terraces are only created during brief windows at the start of interglacials, this implies that terraces are unchanged over the vast majority of their evolution, despite an often complex submergence history during which waves are constantly acting on the coastline, regardless of the sea level stand.&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we question the basic assumption that individual marine terraces are uniquely linked to distinct sea level high stands and highlight how a single marine terrace can be created By reoccupation of the same uplifting platform by successive sea level stands. We then identify the biases that such polygenetic terraces can introduce into relative sea level reconstructions and inferences of rock uplift rates from marine terrace chronostratigraphy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over time, a terrace&amp;#8217;s cumulative exposure to wave erosion depends on the local rock uplift rate. Faster rock uplift rates lead to less frequent (fewer reoccupations) or even single episodes of wave erosion of an uplifting terrace and the generation and preservation of numerous terraces. Whereas slower rock uplift rates lead to repeated erosion of a smaller number of polygenetic terraces. The frequency and duration of terrace exposure to wave erosion at sea level depend strongly on rock uplift rate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Certain rock uplift rates may therefore promote the generation and preservation of particular terraces (e.g. those eroded during recent interglacials). For example, under a rock uplift rate of ca. 1.2 mm/yr, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (ca. 120 ka) would resubmerge a terrace eroded ca. 50 kyr earlier for tens of kyr during MIS 6d&amp;#8211;e stages (ca. 190&amp;#8211;170 ka) and expose it to further wave erosion at sea level. This reoccupation could accordingly promote the formation of a particularly wide or well planed terrace associated with MIS 5e with a greater chance of being preserved and identified. This effect is potentially illustrated by a global compilation of rock uplift rates derived from MIS 5e terraces. It shows an unusual abundance of marine terraces documenting uplift rates between 0.8 and 1.2 mm/yr, supporting the hypothesis that these uplift rates promote exposure of the same terrace to wave erosion during multiple sea level stands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hence, the elevations and widths of terraces eroded during specific sea level stands vary widely from site-to-site and depend on local rock uplift rate. Terraces do not necessarily correspond to an elevation close to that of the latest sea level high-stand but may reflect the elevation of an older, longer-lived, occupation. This leads to potential misidentification of terraces if each terrace in a sequence is assumed to form uniquely at successive interglacial high stands and to reflect their elevations.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Late Miocene to Pliocene Tsunami Deposits in Tegal Buleud, South Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yan Rizal ◽  
Aswan Aswan ◽  
Jahdi Zaim ◽  
Mika R. Puspaningrum ◽  
Wahyu D. Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Volcanic Island ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
West Java ◽  
Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽  
Grain Size Distributions

Java is a volcanic island arc formed by the northwards subduction of the Eurasian and Australian Plates. Due to this active subduction, Java has been frequently shocked by earthquakes, which might induce tsunami events. However, there are hardly any ancient geological records of tsunami events in the area. This study aims to determine the presence and to identify sedimentary characters of tsunami deposit in Tegal Buleud, South Sukabumi, West Java. In the study area, there were 4 tsunami layers which were found as thin intercalation within the claystone layer of the Bentang Formation. Those paleotsunami deposits characterized by the occurrence of irregular/disturbed structure such as siltstone rip up, clay clasts, and flame structure occur in normal graded bedding sandstone layer. The grain-size distributions show bimodal and multimodal patterns, with mixing of marine microfossils from inner and middle neritic. The planktonic foraminiferal assemblage indicates that the age of the sediment comparable to N19 (equivalent to Late Miocene - Early Pliocene, at about 5.33 &ndash; 3.6 Ma), suggested that these paleotsunami layers were deposited due to the Mio-Pliocene tectonic activity. All the paleotsunami deposits found in Study area are the first and oldest tsunami deposit recorded in Java even in Indonesia. With the discovery of the previously unexplored Late Miocene to Pliocene tsunami deposits found in the study area, the result of this study can be used as a reference for the identification of the Tertiary tsunami deposits present in other parts of Indonesia.

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