scholarly journals Printing People. Heterogeneous Multi-Property Printing of Humanoid Anatomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samantha Whitham
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Computer Controlled

<p>Film and television (TV) have been a way to view unthinkable worlds for many years. Physical props are a fundamental part of many films as they help to portray the story in the real world, which results in a more believable experience for the audience. The technology used in the production of props and creatures has evolved with the changes in the manufacturing process to allow for more computer-controlled designs. This begs the question; what could multi-property, 3D/4D printing bring to the way the film prop manufacturing industry creates physical props? Printing in the fourth dimension (dynamic) is a relatively new concept and is being researched by leading 3D printing companies. This area of study has yet to apply the four-dimensional (4D) capabilities of multi-property printing to the creation of heterogeneous humanoid anatomic’s.  Heterogeneous 3D printing is the combination of multiple elements and material qualities in one print, which is possible by using the Stratasys J750 Polyjet printer. This printer allows for both hard and soft components to be incorporated into one design by blending the full-colour hard Vero material with soft, translucent Agilus material. The final humanoid objects have varying material hardness throughout the design, representing the different densities and materiality that is found in the finger joint. By taking the basic parameters of a section of human anatomy, the ability to create a creature by merely changing the size, colour, or the number of joints is achievable. With this technology, the ability to rapidly produce and easily edited final on-screen props is possible.</p>

scholarly journals Printing People. Heterogeneous Multi-Property Printing of Humanoid Anatomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samantha Whitham
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Computer Controlled

<p>Film and television (TV) have been a way to view unthinkable worlds for many years. Physical props are a fundamental part of many films as they help to portray the story in the real world, which results in a more believable experience for the audience. The technology used in the production of props and creatures has evolved with the changes in the manufacturing process to allow for more computer-controlled designs. This begs the question; what could multi-property, 3D/4D printing bring to the way the film prop manufacturing industry creates physical props? Printing in the fourth dimension (dynamic) is a relatively new concept and is being researched by leading 3D printing companies. This area of study has yet to apply the four-dimensional (4D) capabilities of multi-property printing to the creation of heterogeneous humanoid anatomic’s.  Heterogeneous 3D printing is the combination of multiple elements and material qualities in one print, which is possible by using the Stratasys J750 Polyjet printer. This printer allows for both hard and soft components to be incorporated into one design by blending the full-colour hard Vero material with soft, translucent Agilus material. The final humanoid objects have varying material hardness throughout the design, representing the different densities and materiality that is found in the finger joint. By taking the basic parameters of a section of human anatomy, the ability to create a creature by merely changing the size, colour, or the number of joints is achievable. With this technology, the ability to rapidly produce and easily edited final on-screen props is possible.</p>

scholarly journals The Micro–Macro Interlaminar Properties of Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide Laminates Made by Thermocompression to Simulate the Consolidation Process in FDM

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Jiale Hu ◽  
Suhail Mubarak ◽  
Kunrong Li ◽  
Xu Huang ◽  
Weidong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of continuous fiber-reinforced composites has been developed in recent decades as an alternative means to handle complex structures with excellent design flexibility and without mold forming. Although 3D printing has been increasingly used in the manufacturing industry, there is still room for the development of theories about how the process parameters affect microstructural properties to meet the mechanical requirements of the printed parts. In this paper, we investigated continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CCF/PPS) as feedstock for fused deposition modeling (FDM) simulated by thermocompression. This study revealed that the samples manufactured using a layer-by-layer process have a high tensile strength up to 2041.29 MPa, which is improved by 68.8% compared with those prepared by the once-stacked method. Moreover, the mechanical–microstructure characterization relationships indicated that the compactness of the laminates is higher when the stacked CCF/PPS are separated, which can be explained based on both the void formation and the nanoindentation results. These reinforcements confirm the potential of remodeling the layer-up methods for the development of high-performance carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. This study is of great significance to the improvement of the FDM process and opens broad prospects for the aerospace industry and continuous fiber-reinforced polymer matrix materials.

scholarly journals Developement of 3D printer for silicate-based materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (SI2) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Can Chi Trieu ◽  
Minh-Thien Nguyen ◽  
Thien-Toan Quan Le ◽  
Manh-Quyen Dam ◽  
Anh-Tu Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Frame Element ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Mach 3 ◽  
Near Future

3D printer and 3D printing technology are now considered as one of the key factor in the manufacturing industry. In the near future, we could envisage different application of 3D printing method in the sector of materials processing and production. In the sector of civil engineering, they existed somewhere some construction works developed with 3D printing technology.  In this study, we aim to manufacture laboratory-scale printers with nozzles and extrusion feeding systems suitable for paste such as the case of clay-based materials of silicate industry. The movement system was encoded and controlled via the motherboard (Mach 3 controller software). Stepper motors and shaft drives were also implemented in the frame element of such printer. The feeding system was designed based on the extrusion method including cylinder and piston element. Based on that, sample size 200x300x300mm was available for operation testing. Concerning the performance of the instrument, we have obtained printed specimens with different geometric shapes with complexity. From the obtained result, we also discussion on the feasibility up scaling the study and developing a 3D printer for silicate based materials.

3D printing of active polymeric materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jheng-Wun Su
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
3D Structures

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Learning from nature livings, especially those that can respond to the stimuli and change the shape, is attracting increasing interests in a wide variety of research fields. There is a significant need of developing synthetic materials that can mimic these living systems to show dynamic and adaptive shape-changing functions. Although various fabrication methods including molding, micro-fabrication and photolithography have been developed to fabricate the dynamic materials, they all have shown some limits. At present, 3D printing is a promising technique, which provides a cost effective, accurate and customized method to form 3D structures. The recently new emerging technique, 4D printing, which employs the 3D printing to print the active materials for dynamic 3D structures, shows a great potential for various applications such as tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. Despite much recent progress, this technology and its application in 3D dynamic structure fabrication is still in its infancy. My Ph.D. dissertation focuses on 4D printing of programmable polymeric materials that exhibits complex, reversible, shape transformations as well as enriching the printable material library by exploring various active materials for 4D printing technology. Chapter 1 introduces the current development of active materials and methodologies. Much attention is paid to the recent progress and its merits and demerits. Chapter 2 presents a simple and inexpensive 4D printing of waterborne polyurethane paint (PU) composites that are fabricated by mixing PU with micro-size preswollen carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and silicon oxide nanoparticle (NPs), respectively. Chapter 3 presents the 4D printing of a commercial polymer, SU-8, which has yet been reported in this field. The self-morphing behaviors of the printed SU-8 structures are induced by spatial control of swelling medium inside the SU-8 matrix. In Chapter 4, machine learning algorithms are applied to evaluate the shape-morphing behaviors of 4D printed objects. After the model optimization by tuning the hyperparameters the obtained machine learning models enable to accurately predict the final curvatures and curving angles of the 4D printed SU-8 structures from given input geometrical information. This initial success show that these data-driven surrogate models can well circumvent the challenge of human centered trial-and-error process in optimizing the printed structures, thereby pushing the research in 4D printing to a new height.

scholarly journals Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019)

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Eva María Rubio ◽  
Ana María Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Engineering Society ◽  
Manufacturing Engineering

The Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) has been launched as a joint issue of the journals “Materials” and “Applied Sciences”. The 29 contributions published in this Special Issue of Materials present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering focusing on additive manufacturing and 3D printing, advances and innovations in manufacturing processes, sustainable and green manufacturing, manufacturing of new materials, metrology and quality in manufacturing, industry 4.0, design, modeling, and simulation in manufacturing engineering and manufacturing engineering and society. Among them, these contributions highlight that the topic “additive manufacturing and 3D printing” has collected a large number of contributions in this journal because its huge potential has attracted the attention of numerous researchers over the last years.

scholarly journals 4D Printing: A Review on Recent Progresses

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghui Chu ◽  
Wenguang Yang ◽  
Lujing Sun ◽  
Shuxiang Cai ◽  
Rendi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
Shape Property ◽  
External Stimuli

Since the late 1980s, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has been gradually popularized. However, the microstructures fabricated using 3D printing is static. To overcome this challenge, four-dimensional (4D) printing which defined as fabricating a complex spontaneous structure that changes with time respond in an intended manner to external stimuli. 4D printing originates in 3D printing, but beyond 3D printing. Although 4D printing is mainly based on 3D printing and become an branch of additive manufacturing, the fabricated objects are no longer static and can be transformed into complex structures by changing the size, shape, property and functionality under external stimuli, which makes 3D printing alive. Herein, recent major progresses in 4D printing are reviewed, including AM technologies for 4D printing, stimulation method, materials and applications. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of 4D printing were highlighted.

3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN ANATOMY MODERN TEACHING AND LEARNING

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Dzintra Kazoka ◽  
Mara Pilmane
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Teaching Learning

There are various combinations of 3D printing technology and medical study process. The aim of this study was to summarize our first experience on 3D printing and outline how 3D printed models can be successfully used in Human Anatomy modern teaching and learning. In 2018 autumn semester, together with traditional methods, a three-dimensional (3D) printing has been introduced into Human Anatomy curriculum at Department of Morphology. In practical classes 39 groups of students from Faculty of Medicine 1st year together with 3 tutors used 3 different open source softwares to create anatomical models and prepared them for printing process. All anatomical models were produced using an FDM 3D printer, a Prusa i3 MK2 (Prusa Research). As methods for data collection were used our observational notes during teaching and learning, analysis of discussions between tutors and students, comments on the preparing and usability of the created and printed models. 3D printing technology offered students a powerful tool for their teaching, learning and creativity, provided possibility to show human body structures or variations. Presented data offered valuable information about current situation and these results were suitable for the further development of the Human Anatomy study course.

3D printing of smart materials: A review on recent progresses in 4D printing

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Xun Khoo ◽  
Joanne Ee Mei Teoh ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Chee Kai Chua ◽  
Shoufeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
4D Printing

scholarly journals Beneath the Skin: Emulating human physiology using a novel bitmap-based “voxel” 3D-printing workflow.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ana Morris
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Biomedical Imaging ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Medical Communication ◽  
Medical Models ◽  
3D Printed

<p>Novel technologies that produce medical models which are synthetic equivalents to human tissue may forever change the way human anatomy and medicine are explored. Medical modelling using a bitmap-based additive manufacturing workflow offers exciting opportunities for medical education, informed consent practices, skills acquisition, pre-operative planning and surgical simulation. Moving medical data from the 2D-world to tactile, highly detailed 3D-printed anatomical models may significantly change how we comprehend the body; revamping everything – from medical education to clinical practice.  Research Problem The existing workflow for producing patient-specific anatomical models from biomedical imaging data involves image thresholding and iso-surface extraction techniques that result in surface meshes (also known as objects or parts). This process restricts shape specification to one colour and density, limiting material blending and resulting in anatomically inequivalent medical models. So, how can the use of 3D-printing go beyond static anatomical replication? Imagine pulling back the layers of tissue to reveal the complexity of a procedure, allowing a family to understand and discuss their diagnosis. Overcoming the disadvantages of static medical models could be a breakthrough in the areas of medical communication and simulation. Currently, patient specific models are either rigid or mesh-based and, therefore, are not equivalents of physiology.  Research Aim The aim of this research is to create tangible and visually compelling patient-specific prototypes of human anatomy, offering an insight into the capabilities of new bitmap-based 3D-printing technology. It proposes that full colour, multi-property, voxel-based 3D-printing can emulate physiology, creating a new format of visual and physical medical communication.  Data Collection and Procedure For this study, biomedical imaging data was converted into multi-property 3D-printed synthetic anatomy by bypassing the conversion steps of traditional segmentation. Bitmap-based 3D-printing allows for the precise control over every 14-micron material droplet or “voxel”.  Control over each voxel involves a process of sending bitmap images to a high-resolution and multi-property 3D-printer. Bitmap-based 3D-printed synthetic medical models – which mimicked the colour and density of human anatomy – were successfully produced.  Findings This research presented a novel and streamlined bitmap-based medical modelling workflow with the potential to save manufacturing time and labour cost. Moreover, this workflow produced highly accurate models with graduated densities, translucency, colour and flexion – overcoming complexities that arise due to our body’s opaqueness. The presented workflow may serve as an incentive for others to investigate bitmap-based 3D-printing workflows for different manufacturing applications.</p>

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