scholarly journals Analysis on the Influence of "Replacement of Business Tax by Value-added Tax" on the Cost of Highway Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanzhi Kou
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vat Reform ◽  
Highway Project

The "Replacement of Business Tax by VAT reform" (hereby refer to as "VAT reform" for short) is a newly promulgated and implemented tax policy, and its impact on various industries in China is very different, and the highway project industry is no exception. The implementation of the "VAT reform" will not only have a positive impact on the cost of highway projects, but will also have some negative impacts. For this reason, highway project construction corporates must actively respond. The author explores and analyzes the positive and negative effects of the "VAT reform" on the cost of highway projects, and proposes a reform strategy for highway project cost work under the background of the "VAT reform", in hope of helping with bringing out the intrinsic value of highway project cost management work.

scholarly journals Control and Management Measures of Highway Project Cost under the PPP Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanzhi Kou
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Highway Project ◽  
Management Of Project

In recent years, China’s society and economy has been developing very rapidly, and various industries are showing a trend of vigorous development. The importance of control and management of project cost in highway project management is becoming more and more prominent. PPP model has been widely used in the control and management of highway project cost with its own unique advantages. The author analyzes the important advantages of the PPP model and the existing problems in the cost control and management of highway projects, and puts forward effective measures for the cost control and management of highway projects using the PPP model, in hope of helping with the smooth implementation of the work.

scholarly journals Highway Project Value of Money Assessment under PPP Mode and Its Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Hu ◽  
Juan Han
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
The Government ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Highway Project

The application of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mode in transportation infrastructure construction has achieved more progress worldwide; now this mode has been adopted in highway projects of China from 2015. In the application of PPP mode, there are three main facts in China, which include whether the government is responsible for land acquisition and resettlement (LAR), the discount rate changes, and the replacement of business tax by value-added tax (VAT) in 2016. So this paper discusses Value for Money (VFM) quantitative assessment of highway projects under PPP mode in China, which considers currently three actual issues in China. A case study of Heda freeway in China has shown that (1) the government’s responsibility for LAR compensation may attract social capital investor and reduce the risk of social instability, (2) a reasonable range of a low discount rate can greatly reduce government expenditure, and (3) the replacement of business tax by VAT will increase the highway project company’s burden. The research results will be helpful for value of money assessment of highway projects under PPP mode in China and may offer the reference for other countries’ highway projects under PPP mode.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Agro-Industrial Waste Composting Process via the Microbial Inoculation: A Brief Review

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Mohd Huzairi Mohd Zainudin ◽  
Aisyah Zulkarnain ◽  
Ain Sahira Azmi ◽  
Shalini Muniandy ◽  
Kenji Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Cost

Composting is an important technology used to treat and convert organic waste into value-added products. Recently, several studies have been done to investigate the effects of microbial supplementation on the composting of agro-industrial waste. According to these studies, microbial inoculation is considered to be one of the suitable methods for enhancing the biotransformation of organic materials during the composting process. This review provides up-to-date research findings on microbial inoculation strategies and their role and functions in enhancing the composting process and the improvement of compost quality. Based on this review, the addition of microorganisms could enhance the composting process such as accelerating the organic matter degradation, mineralization and microbial enzymes activities, and the quality of the end-products such as high germination index. It is important to notice in this strategy that sludge’s microbial consortium is feasible to enhance the composting process in pilot-scale and industrial-scale productions. Besides, it also reduces the cost of compost production. The findings of this review show the various positive impact of microbial inoculation on agro-industrial waste composting which in turn might be useful as a reference for selecting a suitable inoculum based on the type of waste materials.

The statistical sensitivity of highway project cost to geo-heterogeneity in the tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alolote Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subgrade Soils ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Highway Project

PurposeThe study is carried out to analytically reconnoiter geotechnical index properties of subgrade soils as key variables that shape the cost profile of road infrastructure projects in a tropical geographic setting with starkly heterogenous ground conditions.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Niger Delta region, as a point of reference, data on geotechnical index properties of subgrade soils at spatially dispersed locations for 61 completed highway projects are collated. Exploratory statistical tests were carried out to infer significant associations with final project costs before regression analysis. Regression analysis is principally deployed as an explanatory analytical tool, relevant to quantify the sensitivity of highway project costs to the individual and collective impact of geotechnical variables.FindingsSeveral parameters of expansivity and compressibility exhibited significantly strong associations with the final costs recorded on the highway projects. The statistical analysis further established a cause-effect relationship, whereby small changes in the geotechnical properties of sub-grade soils at project locations, would result in disproportionately large changes in the cost of road construction.Practical implicationsThe study findings provide insight into the sensitivity of road construction costs to geotechnical variables, which can serve as a useful input in financial risk analysis for development appraisal and the generation of location adjustment factors.Originality/valueThe study statistically demonstrates location-induced construction cost profiles, triggered in response to the spatial geotechnical variability and occurrence of problem subgrade soils in the humid tropics, which may be different from those traditionally established in studies of cold and temperate climate soils.

Capital Investment Effects of Dividend Imputation

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ervin L. Black ◽  
Joseph Legoria ◽  
Keith F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Cost Of Equity Capital ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Corporate Capital ◽  
The Cost

We examine the effects of dividend imputation on corporate capital investment in New Zealand and Australia. The empirical findings indicate that: (1) dividend imputation stimulated corporate capital investment in both countries; (2) the positive impact of dividend imputation on capital investment overshadowed any negative effects arising from the new capital gains tax imposed in Australia; and (3) the dividend imputation effects on capital investment are most pronounced for highdividend-paying firms. In summary, we demonstrate the positive impact of dividend imputation on corporate capital investment. Our findings support the conclusions of the U.S. Treasury that the “traditional” double tax on corporate distributions increases the cost of equity capital to the corporate sector and creates a bias against investment by the corporate sector.

scholarly journals Taxation and Enterprise Innovation: Evidence from China’s Value-Added Tax Reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5700
Author(s):  
Ke Ding ◽  
Helian Xu ◽  
Rongming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets ◽  
Vat Reform

This article used China as an example to study how tax reform affects the innovative behavior of companies. Our research showed that value-added tax (VAT) reform can affect corporate innovation behavior. On the basis of patent-application data of Chinese enterprises, we used the difference-in-differences framework to study the differences in the performance of Chinese industrial enterprises in patent applications before and after China’s 2009 VAT reform. We demonstrated that China’s VAT reform had a positive impact on corporate innovation; this conclusion is robust. In subsequent research, we demonstrated that the VAT reform promoted corporate innovation by expanding corporate investment in fixed assets and reducing corporate debt ratios; however, due to the Chinese government’s subsidies to corporations and financing constraints, the pecking-order effect of corporate innovation was increased. In addition, the VAT reform had a greater impact on the innovation of export enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. This research provided insights for emerging countries into formulating innovation-driven sustainable development tax reduction policies.

scholarly journals Interruptive Time Series Analysis of GST Upon Non-Performing Non-Housing Property Loans: Case Study from Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Kuen-Wei Tham ◽  
◽  
Rosli Said ◽  
Yasmin Mohd Adnan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

Value Added Taxes increases the cost of living and affect the ability of loan repayments indirectly. The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in Malaysia in 2014 had garnered significant attention on its potential negative effects on the property industry. Coincidentally, there is a rise of non-performing non-housing property loans (NPNHLs) consisting of industrial and commercial property loans as GST was introduced and was in effect. The NPNHLs which consists of mainly industrial and commercial property loans faced a steep increase for the first time in 2014, after a long and consistent decline since 2007. From the inception stage of the GST to its effective implementation date, the Malaysian NPNHLs responded with a unique pattern that offers an opportunity for research. Hence, this study aimed to investigate and measure the intervention spill-over effects of GST upon the Malaysian NPNHLs. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design of interruptive time series regression analysis, it was found that there is a close and significant relationship between the implementation of GST and the rise of NPNHLs in Malaysia. The pre and post intervention of the GST regime was found to be in sync with the rise of non-performing non-housing property loans in Malaysia. Keywords: value added tax, goods and services tax, interruptive time series regression, Malaysia

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