scholarly journals A ARTE COMO BÁLSAMO: PINTURA E MÚSICA EM SCHOPENHAUER

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
João Elton Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
The World ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Aesthetic

Na obra O mundo como vontade e representação, Arthur Schopenhauer apresenta as manifestações artísticas como forma de objetivação da vontade, que para ele, está associada ao Bem platônico e a Coisa-Em-Si propugnada por Kant. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a estética construída pelo Cavaleiro Solitário, onde a contemplação da arte, destacando a pintura e, especialmente a música, apresenta-se como bálsamo para o ser humano superar o pessimismo causado pelo mundo passageiro dos fenômenos e assim alcançar, ainda que provisoriamente, a tão sonhada ataraxia.Abstract: In the book The World as Will and Representation, Arthur Schopenhauer shows the artistic manifestation as objectivation of the will, which is associated to Platos’s idea of the Good and the Thing In Itself proposed by Kant. The aim of this article is to present the aesthetic built by the Solitary Knight, where the contemplation of arts, especially painting and music as well, reveals as a balm to human been overcome the pessimism caused by the transitory world of phenomenon  achieving, provisionally though, the dream of the ataraxia. Keywords: Aesthetic, Music, Painting, Will, Representation.

Schopenhauer's Proof that Thing-in-ltself is Will

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Jacquette
Keyword(s):  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
The World ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
Analogical Argument

In a bold series of pronouncements, Arthur Schopenhauer maintains that the Kantian thing-in-itself is Will. The division between the world as Will and representation, with its impressive array of implications, is Schopenhauer's most important and distinctive contribution to metaphysics. To understand what Schopenhauer means by ‘Will’ (der Wille) as opposed to the empirical ‘will’, and his reasons for identifying thing-in-itself with Will, we must look in detail at two related arguments by which Schopenhauer proposes to link these concepts. The arguments appear in the first and second editions of Schopenhauer's masterwork, The World as Will and Representation. The differences between the two versions appear to represent a change in his thinking about the most persuasive way to demonstrate the nature of thing-in-itself. The arguments are reconstructed for the sake of comparison, and critically evaluated in light of a variety of objections. While Schopenhauer's first, analogical, argument is inconclusive, his second argument offers a highly defensible inference identifying thing-in-itself as Will.

scholarly journals Manusia Ideal Dalam Prespektif Tasawwuf dan Filsafat (Studi Komperatis Pemikiran Ibnu Araby dan Nietsche Tentang Manusia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Ainul Fithriyah
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Ideal

The variety of thoughts about the optimal attainment of human self and the satisfaction of human life is what may have made Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1868) deny all worldly phenomena. He saw that the world was full of suffering. Humans, as the supreme product of the basic activities of the world, are in fact the most unfortunate creatures. Therefore, humans will be able to achieve happiness when they are able to kill passions and cravings. Studies on the optimal achievement of humans and the meaning of human life from the two figures above, are still important and beneficial to do. Because the concept of the ideal human being is a model and example for us that we can emulate or maybe we can make it happen if we feel fit and believe in the truth. But the question might arise, is it still relevant to study the thoughts of long-dead figures such as Ibn Arabi and Neitzsche? in the opinion of the author, the study of their thinking is still relevant. Because in their thoughts are contained eternal pearls, and because of the peculiarity of each thought. This is evident if we pay attention today, where the thoughts of the two figures are still the subject of study in various countries, both in the West and the East. The works that examine Nietzsche's thoughts about the Ubermensch man include the work of Chairul Arifin, entitled The will to power: Briedrich Nietzsche. This book discusses Nietzsche's views on human beings and his anti-theism. These two thoughts are then connected by the author of this book with Nietzsche's main thought, namely the will to power. And in one of its chapters, the book also examines the concept of Ubermensch Nietzsche. Another work that addresses Nietzsche and Nietzsche's main ideas, including Ubermensch in a separate chapter is Nietzsche by St Sunardi. Besides that, there are other books. Of the books mentioned above and others to the best of the author's knowledge, there has never been found a work that specifically compares Ibn Arabi's insan kamil concept and Nietzsche's Ubermensch concept.

Arthur Schopenhauer

Philosophy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Jacquette
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Single Idea

Arthur Schopenhauer (b. 1788–d. 1860) was a private scholar and philosopher. Although Schopenhauer was largely ignored by the professional academic philosophical community during his lifetime, he exerted increasing influence on German and international philosophy, literature, and the arts later in life and more profoundly after his death. Schopenhauer’s philosophy can be explained as a distinctly original synthesis of Kant, Plato, and Eastern thought, especially Hinduism and Buddhism. Schopenhauer understands his philosophy as the true heir of Kant’s critical idealism, on some parts of which Schopenhauer develops his own brand of post-Kantian transcendental idealism. The world for Schopenhauer has two aspects: the phenomenal world we experience in sensation and perception, and a transcendental world of Kantian Thing-in-itself, which Schopenhauer identifies with Will. The world as Will is pure willing, for Schopenhauer, in the sense that it is uncaused, undirected, unmotivated blind urging. The Will is willing without willing anything in particular, or for any particular reason, and even without any cause, while lacking all logical and mathematical properties. The world as Will, lacking any specific object, is inevitably objectified in the world as representation in conflict, strife, competition, opposition, and suffering. The world in reality, identified by Schopenhauer as Will, because it must be objectified in conflict, is seen by Schopenhauer philosophically, for this reason, from a technically pessimistic perspective. The Kantian distinction between the mind’s experiential world (Vorstellung) and Thing-in-itself, the world as it is in itself and independently of thought (Ding an sich), interpreted by Schopenhauer not as Kantian noumenon but knowable intuitively and supported by metaphysical reasoning as pure willing (der Wille), links together all the several parts of Schopenhauer’s philosophical system, like spokes from a wheel’s hub. Beginning with his epistemology and metaphysics, and proceeding systematically to his philosophy of science, logic and mathematics; philosophy of religion; philosophy of art; ethics, moral, and political philosophy, Schopenhauer encourages the image of a flower opening when he describes developing the several related parts of his philosophy as the progressive unfolding of a single idea.

Schopenhauer and the Diamond-Sūtra

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-379
Author(s):  
Christopher Ryan
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Way

Commentators on Schopenhauer’s philosophy have been at odds with one another concerning the signification of the “nothing” with which he closed the first volume of The World as Will and Representation in 1818, and how this relates to Schopenhauer’s proposition that the will is Kant’s thing-in-itself. This chapter contends that Schopenhauer’s works contain two conceptions of soteriological nothing: an early conception that is ontological and contrasted with the vanity of phenomenal life, and a later conception in which nothing is employed as an apophatic denial of our epistemological categories. Schopenhauer sought to conceal the way in which his use and understanding of these concepts had changed by 1860 by appending a handwritten note to the close of the first volume that cited Isaak Jacob Schmidt’s translation of the Diamond-Sūtra, an explanation of the Buddhist concept of prajñāpāramitā. Examination of Schmidt’s treatise throws some light on the development of Schopenhauer’s metaphysics and soteriology between 1818 and 1860.

scholarly journals Will-Less Contemplation through Listening to Music - An Epistemic Process Analysis of Arthur Schopenhauer’s Concept of Music

MANUSYA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Tan Weng Chiang David
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Art Works ◽  
The World ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
The Will ◽  
Conscious Control ◽  
Epistemic Process

The will has been Arthur Schopenhauer’s concept for the true inner nature or the thing-in-itself of the world. The will that is within a person causes suffering to the person. A person is driven by the will for some kind of fulfillment and once he or she attains that fulfillment, he or she very quickly moves to a new desire, otherwise boredom will set in. If the person fails to attain the fulfillment, he or she will feel dismay. Given this, a person’s inner will does not allow him or her lasting fulfillment and obtaining peace and happiness. Another kind of will leading to suffering within a person is caused by the ‘blind’ will. The will acts blindly within a person, driving a person without any reason or cause and the person has no conscious control over these blind strivings of the will. Schopenhauer proposed that aesthetic contemplation of artworks could provide relief from our will leading to sufferings, though temporarily. Music, however, is a kind of artwork that Schopenhauer considers standing apart from the other kinds of art works. Music according to Schopenhauer is a direct manifestation (Abbild) of the will. Music is “…as immediate an objectification and copy of the whole will…” However, in accordance with Schopenhauer’s concept of aesthetic contemplation, it seems that Schopenhauer has fallen short of explaining specifically on how experiencing music as a direct manifestation (Abbild) of the will provides relief from the will driven suffering? In other words, how a listener of music can become “…will-less…” (Schopenhauer 1969:179) thereby gaining relief from the will and suffering? This research paper examines and analyzes Schopenhauer’s concepts of aesthetic contemplation and music for formulating how listening to music can bring relief to the will driven sufferings of a listener. The findings of this research arrived at the formulation that non-imitative music (i.e. music that does not imitate the phenomenon): (1) Acts directly on a listener’s inner willing and the listener resonates with the music; (2) Causes the listener to experience an essence of emotions; and (3) As a result of (1) and (2) the listener feels transcended out of space and causality, is suspended from will driven suffering and becomes a will-less listener of music.

Metaphysischer – Physikalischer – Ästhetischer „Raum“

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Julia Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Natural Attitude ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Aesthetic

Edmund Husserl characterizes the problem of equivocation as crucial whenever it comes to the point of differentiating between the genuine philosophical and the genuine scientific view on the world. According to Husserl, equivocation in the first respect is an inevitable result of the fact that the phenomenologist has to use the common language, which is bound to the natural attitude. The natural attitude belongs to science as such, but has to be avoided in philosophical ways of description. In the following article, the equivocation concerning the notion of „space“ stands for the problem in general. The phenomenological concept of „space“ refers to the aesthetic dimension of the notion, which is the basis of both, the philosophical, i.e. metaphysical dimension, and the physical, i.e. scientific dimension. Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer and Edmund Husserl discuss the notion of „space“ from different perspectives, each of which can be understood as contributing to the foundation of a sound inter-disciplinary dialogue between philosophy and the sciences.

Nihilistic Thinking as the Self-Will of the Mind and the Projects of Its Overcoming

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Irina N. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Radical Transformation

 The author analyzes the conceptions of ontological nihilism in the works of S. Kierkegaard, F. Nietzsche, M. Heidegger, E. Jünger. On the basis of this analysis, violence is defined as a manifestation of nihilism, of the “will to nothingness” and hypertrophy of the self-will of man. The article demonstrates the importance of the problem of nihilism. The nihilistic thinking of modern man is expressed in the attitude toward a radical transformation of the world from the position of his “absolute” righteousness. The paradox of the current situation is that there is the reverse side of this transformative activity, when there is only the appearance of action and the dilution of responsibility. Confidence in the rightness of own views and beliefs increases the risk of the violent imposition of own vision of reality. Historical and philosophical reconstruction of the conceptions of nihilism allowed to reveal the following projects of its comprehension and resolution: (1) the project of “positing of values,” which consists in the transformation of the evaluation, which is understood as another perspective of positing values, leading to the affirmation of being; (2) the project of overcoming nihilism from the space of temporality, carried out through the resoluteness to accept the historicity of own existence; (3) the project of overcoming nihilism as the oblivion of being from the spatial perspective of the “line,” allowing to realize the “glimpse” of being. The author concludes that it is impossible to solve the problem of violence and its various forms of its manifestation without overcoming “ontological nihilism.” Significant role in solving the problem of ontological violence is assigned to philosophy as a critical and responsible form of thinking, which is capable to help a person to bear the burden of the world, to provide meanings and affirm being, as well as to unite people and resist the fundamentalist claims of exclusivity and rightness.

New and not so new strategies in promoting integrity with particular reference to Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-74
Author(s):  
Barry Rider
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
Financial Intelligence ◽  
New Strategies

This article is focused on exploration not merely proposed developments in and refinements of the law and its administration, but the very significant role that financial intelligence can and should play in protecting our societies. It is the contention of the author that the intelligence community at large and in particular financial intelligence units have an important role to play in protecting our economies and ensuring confidence is maintained in our financial institutions and markets. In this article the author considers a number of issues pertinent to the advancement of integrity and in particular the interdiction of corruption to some degree from the perspective of Africa. The potential for Africa as a player in the world economy is enormous. So far, the ambiguous inheritance of rapacious empires and the turmoil of self-dealing elites in post-colonial times has successfully obscured and undermined this potential. Indeed, such has been the mismanagement, selfishness and importuning that many have grave doubts as to the ability of many states to achieve an ordered transition to what they could and should be. South Africa is perhaps the best example of a society that while avoiding the catastrophe that its recent past predicted, remains racked by corruption and mismanagement. That there is the will in many parts of the continent to further stability and security by addressing the cancer of corruption, the reality is that few have remained or been allowed to remain steadfast in their mission and all have been frustrated by political self-interest and lack of resources. The key might be education and inter-generational change as it has been in other parts of the world, but only an optimist would see this coming any time soon – there is too much vested interest inside and outside Africa in keeping things much as they are! The author focuses not so much on attempting to perfect the letter of the law, but rather on improving the ways in which we administer it.

he designs of the Russian war memorials from the World War I in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia: Ideas, symbols, realization

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-227
Author(s):  
Milana Živanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
War Memorials ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia ◽  
The Military

The paper deals with the actions undertaken by the Russian emigration aimed to commemorate the Russian soldiers who have been killed or died during the World War I in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The focus is on the erection of the memorials dedicated to the Russian soldiers. During the World War I the Russian soldiers and war prisoners were buried on the military plots in the local cemeteries or on the locations of their death. However, over the years the conditions of their graves have declined. That fact along with the will to honorably mark the locations of their burial places have become a catalyst for the actions undertaken by the Russian émigré, which have begun to arrive in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of SCS) starting from the 1919. Almost at once after their arrival to the Kingdom of SCS, the Russian refugees conducted the actions aimed at improving the conditions of the graves were in and at erecting memorials. Russian architects designed the monuments. As a result, several monuments were erected in the country, including one in the capital.

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