scholarly journals Deciphering the Global Private Financial Flows

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat ◽  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Imad-ud-Din Akbar ◽  
Majid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Reference Series ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Southern Africa Development Community ◽  
Grey Relational

Cross border and inter country financial recourse is like a civilization hold. It is fundamentally important phenomenon to study. Purpose of this study is to investigate inter country global private financial flows in context of current financial regimes. Design of the study is quantitative based on a secondary data taken from website of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. A literature review of relevant studies extracted from renowned research databases is also integral part of the overall design of the study. For the purpose of analysis and investigation the study uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). GRA is a mathematical technique capable of handling a multitude of alternatives with plenty of criteria simultaneously. It is a ranking technique that generates the reference series, normalizes the data and compares the weighted average grey coefficients with reference series. GRA is a popular methodology espoused in grey systems theory. It is the study of eighty-three countries on the basis of five different criteria. The countries have been ranked according to Grey relational grades by using rank function of excel and are divided into seven different categories on the basis of intensity of financial flows. The categories have been made on the basis of ordinal scale e.g. exceptionally high level of private global financial flows, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor and very poor. Results show that China, Niger, Brazil, Mozambique, Mongolia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Cambodia, Grenada, Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and Maldives have exceptionally high private financial flows, whereas, countries namely Lesotho, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Botswana, Guatemala, Solomon Islands, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Bhutan, Angola and Russian Federation have poor financial flows. Majorly, Arabian Countries (AC), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) countries fall under exceptionally high ensign, whereas, member countries of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries fall under very poor ensign. This study is useful for political governments, international agencies, researchers and academia (students and teachers of international finance). It also provides new information and deeper insights by way of assigning grey relational grades to countries and classifies them into seven groups. It also extends discussion to enlighten upon bloc level position.  

scholarly journals A Country-Level Analysis of Worldwide Official Financing by International Financial Institutions

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

This study aims to evaluate worldwide official financial flows by international financial institutions to selected 123 countries of the world. The design of the study is composed of a review of literature elicited from research databases, extraction of secondary data of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020, and mathematical analysis. In real time, cross-sectional country-level data, a classical process of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) has been applied. Results of the study show that Argentina, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Arab Rep., Kenya, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Chad, Tanzania, Colombia, Uzbekistan, Nepal, Indonesia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Cameroon, and Uganda have exceptionally high grey relational grade meaning thereby, having an effective system of obtaining official international financial flows. Zimbabwe, Russian Federation, Botswana, Afghanistan, Bulgaria, South Africa, Burundi, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, and Ukraine have poor grey relational grade meaning thereby, having a relatively weak system of obtaining official financial flows. It is a unique study that provides extensive information on the official financial flows of more than a hundred countries of the world and provides the basis for the informed opinion of policymakers, political governments, economic policymakers, researchers, and academia. It also provides valuable information useful for international financial institutions.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Tariff Barriers Worldwide: A Composite Assessment Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalid Rashid ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The World ◽  
Grey Relational

International trade has fundamental importance for all the countries and the analysis concerning international trade particularly concerning tariff barriers is high on the agenda of researchers in the field of economics, business and politics. Aim of the study is to assess the world tariff barriers of 158 countries. Overall design of the study comprises of a crisp literature review, data extraction and analysis. It is a study of one hundred fifty-eight countries that uses secondary data taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. It uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as research methodology. Results of GRA show that Macao SAR, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Montenegro, Mauritius, Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar, Chile, Peru and Australia have relatively highest grey relational grades meaning thereby, low tariff trade barriers whereas Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Central African Republic, Nepal, Guinea-Bissau, Fiji, Gabon, Barbados, Djibouti, St. Kitts and Nevis have lowest grey relational grade meaning thereby, these countries have high level of tariff based barriers of international trade. Interestingly, all the member countries of European Union occupy the rank of 27 (i.e. all countries have the same rank) which can be explained in the perspective of their union of tariff. Since, they have uniformed tariff policy as against rest of the world, therefore, have same rank. It is a study based on reliable real time data set. The study has value for all stakeholders i.e. international community, local governments, society at large, policy makers, researchers and international institutions.

scholarly journals Ease of Doing Business: Analysis of Trade Facilitations of One Hundred Twenty-Seven Countries of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi ◽  
Waheed Asghar ◽  
Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The World ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Grey Relational

Aim of the study is to evaluate ease of doing business though analysis of trade facilitations by different countries. The scope of the study involves one hundred and twenty-seven countries of the world and uses secondary data taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. Overall design of study consists of review of literature, data extraction and analysis. This study uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as research methodology. Results show that member countries of OECD performed exceptionally well, whereas, member countries of SADC have exceptionally poor performance on agenda of ease of doing business and trade facilitations.  The study is useful for existing and potential business owners/mangers, policy makers and researchers. It uses reliable country level original dataset therefore findings of the study are valuable for stakeholders.

scholarly journals HO CHI MINH CITY ECONOMY IN RELATION TO THE VIETNAMESE ECONOMY AND FACTORS AFFECTING HO CHI MINH CITY ECONOMIC GROWTH

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Canh Nguyen Thi ◽  
Tuan Nguyen Quoc
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Country Factors

This research paper is focused on analyzing situation of economic development in Ho Chi Minh City after nearly 30 years implementing economic reform policies in Vietnam to specify the position and role of Ho Chi Minh City economy in comparison with the whole nation’s. In this research, we applied qualitative method with data description and economic development indicators comparison. Data are secondary data which were obtained from Statistic Yearbooks of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh City in periods 1990/2000/2005-2013. Results indicate that the Ho Chi Minh City economy remains the Vietnam’s largest which accounts for more than 20% GDP and a third of the national budget. The annual economic growth and average income per capita are 2-3% and two times higher than those of Vietnam respectively. The poverty rate is also the lowest in the country. Factors that positively affect the Ho Chi Minh City economic growth are capital and labor as reflected by higher productivity and efficiency (specifically Ho Chi Minh City’s ICOR is 1.5-1.78 times lower than Vietnam’s and laborproductivity is two times higher than that of Vietnam) and the greater contribution of the capital and labor factors to the economic growth. However, there are signals that Ho Chi Minh City economic growth is unsustainable, including (1) slower export volume and FDI; (2) reduced weight of industry sector, especially the slow growth of key high-technology disciplines; (3) the downgrading of the urban environment quality which reduces the green GDP growth; and (4) the gradual decrease of the total factor productivity (TFP) and its very small contribution to the Ho Chi Minh City economic growth. Based on the results, this paper suggests some solutions to a sustainable development for Ho Chi Minh City in the next period.

scholarly journals AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF TOTAL FDI INFLOW, OUTFLOW AND NET FDI OF FIVE SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES OVER THE PERIOD 1992–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 417-435
Author(s):  
Sushanta Kumar Tarai ◽  
Prof. Sudhakar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The World Bank

This present research aims to analyze the total FDI inflow, outflow and net FDI of five South Asian countries over the period 1992–2019.This study is based on 28years Time series data taken from the World Bank Development Indicators. In order to compare the FDI inflow, outflow and net FDI inflow of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal over the period 1992–2019,both descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as correlation test, paired t test, the familiar linear regression model, Granger-Causality test, percentage analysis and tables, are used for analysis, hypothesis testing and interpretation of data. This study used various secondary data. Economic development of the developing countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal largely rely on FDI. However, the study also reveals that in the last two decades, India received 23 times more FDI than Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal. For attracting more FDI, these nations require to create more congenial and favorable atmosphere towards the foreign investors. It is also concluded that the after implementing make in India campaign investing countries in total FDI inflow are increased. KEYWORDS: FDI inflow, FDI outflow, GDP growth.

scholarly journals Ideological and financial spaces of budgetary responses to COVID-19 lockdown strategies: comparative analysis of Russia and Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Vakulenko ◽  
Igor Khodachek ◽  
Anatoli Bourmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Budget Decision ◽  
Budgetary Decisions ◽  
Action Spaces

PurposeTo compare Russian and Ukrainian central governments' reaction to the pandemic, reflected in extraordinary budgetary allocations and to provide our understanding of how those allocations can be attributed to the two countries’ different social, economic and political contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is built on secondary data analysis over a six-month period, i.e. January–June 2020, during which the real-time events were documented in a research diary. The data sources included budgetary and other relevant legislature, official reports from international agencies, news, press conferences and videos of interviews with key stakeholders.FindingsThe findings showed that uncertainty caused by COVID-19 and the corresponding lockdown policies in Russia and Ukraine have produced two divergent patterns of budgetary allocations: step-by-step budgetary allocations in Russia vs one emergency budget decision in Ukraine.Originality/valueThe paper explains the divergence of the central governments' budgetary decisions based on the same lockdown policy, in light of the different ideological and financial legitimized action spaces that frame governmental decisions.

scholarly journals Pengujian Model Pengukuran Congeneric, Tau-Equivalent dan Parallel pada Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Yonathan Natanael ◽  
Yusak Novanto
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Life Scale

Many researchers make an error in data analysis, where researchers analyzing data using the raw score on the instrument with an ordinal scale. Error in the use of raw score for an instrument with an ordinal scale can be overcome by using measurement model testing, namely tau-equivalent and parallel. The purpose of this study is to examine the best measurement model of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The research method is Secondary Data Analysis approach (SDA). The secondary data was combined from two previous studies. The quantitative research analysis technique used to test the three measurement models in SWLS was confirmatory factor analysis. The unidimensional model of confirmatory factor analysis indicates that tau-equivalent is the best measurement model in SWLS testing (χ2(9)=13.759, p > .05 and RMSEA < .05). Based on the result, an implication measuring instruments using raw score can be used while measurement model testing of an instrument is tau-equivalent.

scholarly journals Effects of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Ghana: the role of institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Evans Kulu ◽  
Samuel Mensah ◽  
Prince Mike Sena
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

The role of institutions in both the inflow and the impact of foreign direct investment is of great im¬portance. The quality of institutions in a country can direct investment towards improving growth. This paper analyzes the individual and combined effect of foreign direct investment and institutions on economic growth in Ghana. The paper used the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) tech¬nique for secondary data obtained from 1995 to 2019. All data series, except for the quality institution index, were drawn from the World Bank Development Indicators. Institutional Quality Index data was obtained from the Heritage Foundation’s Economic Freedom Index website. The results of the ARDL model indicate that foreign direct investment and a quality institutional index together have a significantly positive effect on a country’s economic growth compared to their individual effects in both the short and long run. The study recommends that government policies should be aimed at attracting foreign direct investment while strengthening institutions and regulations to enhance output growth.

scholarly journals The Burden of Infectious Diseases: A Trend Appraisal in Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Trade Blocs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-122
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo Olayemi Jemiluyi ◽  
Rebecca Folake Bank-Ola
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Trade Blocs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Southern Africa Development Community

Purpose: The study aimed at presenting a comparative appraisal of the trends of the two most prevalent infectious diseases bedeviling the region: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). Subject & Methods: Data on fourteen ECOWAS member countries and also fourteen member countries of the SADC bloc. This represents about 93.3% and 87.5% membership of the ECOWAS and SADC blocs respectively. Although the choice of sample size is determined largely by the availability of data, the choices were carefully made to maximize available observation. The data were sourced from World Development Indicators online database published by the World Bank. We use two measures of infectious diseases: the prevalence rate of human immunodeficiency virus and the incidence of tuberculosis. Results: The HIV prevalence rates and incidence of TB were uneven in the two selected trade blocs. The magnitude and the severity of the diseases varied. The burden of both diseases was higher for SADC and lesser for ECOWAS. The average prevalence rate of HIV in the SADC bloc over the study period was 600% of the prevalence rate in ECOWAS (SADC = 12.5%, ECOWAS = 2.1%). Likewise, in the same period, the average TB incidence per 100,000 people was 578.8 and 181.7 respectively in the SADC and ECOWAS blocs. Conclusions: The study finds that the magnitude and severity of the diseases vary widely between the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) trade blocs. And, while concerted efforts at curbing the diseases have yielded results, there is still much to be done in both blocs.

scholarly journals INTERREGIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND DYNAMICS OF MORTGAGE LENDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (53) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
 E. V. Sitnikova ◽  
◽  
 D. E. Maksakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Business Entities

Subject. Organizational and economic relations developing during the functioning of the housing market and mortgage lending. Topic. Interregional analysis of the state and dynamics of mortgage lending. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop directions for increasing the efficiency of mortgage lending as the most important tool for the development of the housing market. Methodology. The study was carried out using abstract-logical, comparative, economic and statistical approaches, a graphical technique for visualizing statistical and calculated data. Results. To analyze the state of mortgage lending at the regional level, the volume of issued mortgage loans in a territorial context was considered, the structure and dynamics of issued mortgage loans for individuals was studied, the debt on mortgage loans was revealed, the dynamics of the weighted average interest rate in each federal district was analyzed. The analytical review carried out in the study made it possible to draw conclusions about the state of development of mortgage lending in the regions, as well as to offer recommendations for its improvement. Application area. The results of the study, the main provisions, conclusions, recommendations are focused on widespread use by business entities in the process of assessing and analyzing their mortgage lending. Conclusions. The significance of this study is due to the need to identify the degree of development of mortgage lending, which is especially important at the regional level. The purchase of own housing, which will be available not only for certain categories of citizens, but also for the majority of the population of the Russian Federation, is ensured through the development of the mortgage lending market. This form of lending contributes to the satisfaction of not only the interests of the bank and citizens, but also allows to ensure financial flows to the development of the real sector of the economy. Keywords: mortgage, mortgage lending, credit organizations, banking sector, housing construction, debt, regional banking system.

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