scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Tariff Barriers Worldwide: A Composite Assessment Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalid Rashid ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The World ◽  
Grey Relational

International trade has fundamental importance for all the countries and the analysis concerning international trade particularly concerning tariff barriers is high on the agenda of researchers in the field of economics, business and politics. Aim of the study is to assess the world tariff barriers of 158 countries. Overall design of the study comprises of a crisp literature review, data extraction and analysis. It is a study of one hundred fifty-eight countries that uses secondary data taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. It uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as research methodology. Results of GRA show that Macao SAR, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Montenegro, Mauritius, Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar, Chile, Peru and Australia have relatively highest grey relational grades meaning thereby, low tariff trade barriers whereas Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Central African Republic, Nepal, Guinea-Bissau, Fiji, Gabon, Barbados, Djibouti, St. Kitts and Nevis have lowest grey relational grade meaning thereby, these countries have high level of tariff based barriers of international trade. Interestingly, all the member countries of European Union occupy the rank of 27 (i.e. all countries have the same rank) which can be explained in the perspective of their union of tariff. Since, they have uniformed tariff policy as against rest of the world, therefore, have same rank. It is a study based on reliable real time data set. The study has value for all stakeholders i.e. international community, local governments, society at large, policy makers, researchers and international institutions.

scholarly journals Ease of Doing Business: Analysis of Trade Facilitations of One Hundred Twenty-Seven Countries of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi ◽  
Waheed Asghar ◽  
Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The World ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Grey Relational

Aim of the study is to evaluate ease of doing business though analysis of trade facilitations by different countries. The scope of the study involves one hundred and twenty-seven countries of the world and uses secondary data taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. Overall design of study consists of review of literature, data extraction and analysis. This study uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as research methodology. Results show that member countries of OECD performed exceptionally well, whereas, member countries of SADC have exceptionally poor performance on agenda of ease of doing business and trade facilitations.  The study is useful for existing and potential business owners/mangers, policy makers and researchers. It uses reliable country level original dataset therefore findings of the study are valuable for stakeholders.

scholarly journals A Country-Level Analysis of Worldwide Official Financing by International Financial Institutions

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

This study aims to evaluate worldwide official financial flows by international financial institutions to selected 123 countries of the world. The design of the study is composed of a review of literature elicited from research databases, extraction of secondary data of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020, and mathematical analysis. In real time, cross-sectional country-level data, a classical process of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) has been applied. Results of the study show that Argentina, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Arab Rep., Kenya, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Chad, Tanzania, Colombia, Uzbekistan, Nepal, Indonesia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Cameroon, and Uganda have exceptionally high grey relational grade meaning thereby, having an effective system of obtaining official international financial flows. Zimbabwe, Russian Federation, Botswana, Afghanistan, Bulgaria, South Africa, Burundi, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, and Ukraine have poor grey relational grade meaning thereby, having a relatively weak system of obtaining official financial flows. It is a unique study that provides extensive information on the official financial flows of more than a hundred countries of the world and provides the basis for the informed opinion of policymakers, political governments, economic policymakers, researchers, and academia. It also provides valuable information useful for international financial institutions.

scholarly journals UPAYA MELAWAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA, STUDI KASUS FASILITAS KEPABEANAN DAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Marsanto Adi Nurcahyo ◽  
Ario Seno Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Slowdown

The covid-19 pandemic has caused a global economic slowdown. Trade institutions and customs institutions provide facilities that are expected to encourage the economy not to fall into a sharp decline. The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Customs Organization (WCO) as world organizations that regulate the movement of goods between countries have also issued instructions for their member countries to deal with this pandemic situation. This study aims to determine how the implementation of customs facilities and international trade during this pandemic. The research method used is a qualitative research method with descriptive techniques. The data used in this study are secondary data such as reports, research, and guidelines. The results of the study show that Indonesia has implemented customs facilities and international trade during this pandemic. This is following the guidelines published by the WTO and WCO, which are world organizations related to international trade. Programs carried out by Indonesia are also carried out by other countries which are good practices in international trade activities. The implication of this research is to recommend the customs institution to continue to increase cooperation with other border agencies in the form of coordinated border management..   Pandemi covid-19 telah membuat perlambatan ekonomi secara global. Institusi perdagangan dan institusi kepabeanan memberikan fasilitas yang tujuannya diharapkan dapat mendorong perekonomian tidak jatuh dalam penurunan yang tajam. World Trade Organization (WTO) dan World Customs Oganization (WCO) selaku organisasi dunia yang mengatur pergerakan barang antar negara juga telah mengeluarkan petunjuk bagi negara anggotanya untuk menghadapi situasi pandemi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi fasilitas kepabeanan dan perdagangan internasional dalam masa pandemi ini. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder seperti laporan, penelitian, dan buku petunjuk. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia telah mengimplementasikan fasilitas kepabeanan dan perdagangan internasional selama masa pandemi ini. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan panduan yang diterbitkan oleh WTO dan WCO yang merupakan badan dunia terkait dengan perdagangan internasional. Program yang dilakukan Indonesia juga dilakukan oleh negara lain yang merupakan good practices pada kegiatan perdagangan internasional. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah merekomendasikan kepada institusi kepabeanan agar terus meningkatkan Kerjasama dengan badan perbatasan lainnya dalam bentuk coordinated border management.  

scholarly journals The Implementation of E-Procurement in Indonesia: Benefits, Risks, and Problems

INFERENSI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-304
Author(s):  
Nurus Sa'adah
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
New Model ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Support

E-procurement was a new model of muamalah applied in the procurement in several countries in the world. Indonesia was implemented from 2010, but the implementation was not maximal. Proven there were still doubts to use this modern muamalah model. So, this research aimed to find information on how e-procurement was implemented in Indonesia. Data were obtained from a questionnaire containing a list of structured and open questions provided to government agency procurement officers, provider staff, and secondary data from e-procurement research in several local governments in Indonesia.  The results showed that the implementation of e-procurement reduced fraud. Benefit (maslahah) e-procurement was proven to be more than the risk (mafsadat). There were still doubts about sharia in the implementation of procurement due to a lack of information. The implementation of e-procurement still needs the attention to strengthening the quality of procurement officials, regulations, supervision, and internet support so that e-procurement success.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Global Private Financial Flows

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat ◽  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Imad-ud-Din Akbar ◽  
Majid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Reference Series ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Southern Africa Development Community ◽  
Grey Relational

Cross border and inter country financial recourse is like a civilization hold. It is fundamentally important phenomenon to study. Purpose of this study is to investigate inter country global private financial flows in context of current financial regimes. Design of the study is quantitative based on a secondary data taken from website of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. A literature review of relevant studies extracted from renowned research databases is also integral part of the overall design of the study. For the purpose of analysis and investigation the study uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). GRA is a mathematical technique capable of handling a multitude of alternatives with plenty of criteria simultaneously. It is a ranking technique that generates the reference series, normalizes the data and compares the weighted average grey coefficients with reference series. GRA is a popular methodology espoused in grey systems theory. It is the study of eighty-three countries on the basis of five different criteria. The countries have been ranked according to Grey relational grades by using rank function of excel and are divided into seven different categories on the basis of intensity of financial flows. The categories have been made on the basis of ordinal scale e.g. exceptionally high level of private global financial flows, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor and very poor. Results show that China, Niger, Brazil, Mozambique, Mongolia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Cambodia, Grenada, Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and Maldives have exceptionally high private financial flows, whereas, countries namely Lesotho, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Botswana, Guatemala, Solomon Islands, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Bhutan, Angola and Russian Federation have poor financial flows. Majorly, Arabian Countries (AC), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) countries fall under exceptionally high ensign, whereas, member countries of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries fall under very poor ensign. This study is useful for political governments, international agencies, researchers and academia (students and teachers of international finance). It also provides new information and deeper insights by way of assigning grey relational grades to countries and classifies them into seven groups. It also extends discussion to enlighten upon bloc level position.  

scholarly journals Excavating Future Challenges: An Analysis of Health Systems of One Hundred-Six Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Waheed Asghar ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health System ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

Purpose: Health system of a country is backbone of economy. It has fundamental importance in sustainable development of a country. Aim of this article is to excavate future challenges to health system of selected 106 countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: It is a country level comparative analysis of health risk factors. Design of the study includes review of literature, data extraction and analysis. The cross-sectional secondary data has been drawn from website of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. Grey relational analysis is used as technique of investigation. Findings: Results show that majorly, member countries of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have exceptionally high grey relational grade, therefore, are considered to be countries having less future health risks, whereas, Southern African Development Community (SADC) have exceptionally low grey relational grade, therefore, have high future health risk. Implications/Originality/Value: It is a unique study using different dataset and methods that provides valuable insights to political governments, researchers and health system managers.                                                             

scholarly journals Values Based Ideal Types of Corporate Governance Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Banerjee ◽  
Mike F. Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Ownership Strategy ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
The World

<p>Values and differences in corporate governance across the world are part and partially related and it is obvious that owners know what results they want to have from the corporations in the long run. In this regard, some scientific studies have revealed that owners would be succeed in a dynamic environment only if they formulate ownership strategy based on values. Consequently, to understand corporate governance better, some research has been carried out on corporate governance by relating values towards the area of knowledge but there is a scarcity of research which proposing comprehensive and explains corporate governance systems consisting values. Therefore, authors of this paper identified the following research problem which is: “Lacking of theory behind corporate governance systems including values which gives an opportunity towards the owners under different corporate governance systems to analyse its own behaviour, learning, managing knowledge, and finally clearly expressing ownership will in the form of an ownership strategy.” There were two data set was analysed in this study. One is Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) company law and corporate governance database based on member countries submission and the second set of data is Schwartz’s value survey to characterise multiple countries by their culture. Methodologically, after using multi quantitative tools this study is valuable to analyse all the secondary data to produce new knowledge, adopting different theoretical lens, by analysing and understanding the interrelationships of values and different systems of corporate governance across the world. The result of the study comes with a typology including values based three ideal types (Affective type, Cognitive type and Conative type) of corporate governance systems, with a practical contribution towards enriching the available knowledge for owners to formulate ownership strategy. Considering future direction, the constructed typology is required for assessment of the capability of refutation aside from OECD countries.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Conventional and Islamic Letter of Credit: Comparison and Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Atharyanshah Puneri
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Payment Method ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions

This study attempts to provide the insight about payment method in international trade, especially by using Letter of Credit both conventional way and Islamic way. This study is exploratory and using qualitative method of research. This study reviews and analyses the previous literatures and other secondary data to conduct the study. The secondary data for this research were gathered through library research. This study also doing the document analysis. Based on the data collected, Letter of Credit is the most secured and commonly used as the method of payment for International Trade. But a lot of contents on the Conventional Letter of Credit is not Shariah-compliant. Islamic Financial Institutions around the world trying to comes up with Islamic Letter of Credit, but to implementing Islamic Letter of Credit creates some new issues and challenges. This study attempts to provide the insight about payment method in international trade, especially by using Letter of Credit both conventional way and Islamic way.

scholarly journals Do Small Local Governments Fare Well? A Survey of Villages in New York

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Pengju Zhang ◽  
Marc Holzer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Fiscal Health ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governance Challenges

Public administration studies have not adequately discussed governance challenges for small local governments. Given that more than 10% of villages have, unprecedentedly, voted on dissolution in New York over the past 10 years, this article exclusively and comprehensively investigates how well villages are faring in New York. Using a representative survey of village governments, coupled with a rich secondary data set, it finds institutional and political tensions between villages and their underlying town(s). It also suggests intergovernmental fiscal factors have threatened the organizational and fiscal health of some village governments. In addition, villages have extensively established service-sharing mechanisms with town(s) to mitigate fiscal stress. The majority of village officials remain skeptical about dissolution as an effective approach to cost savings.

scholarly journals TOURISM CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MACEDONIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Petrovska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

In the past few decades, tourism has emerged asone of the major industries in the world economy, by benefiting transportation, accommodation,catering and many other sectors. It provokes an interest among all countries, regardless the level of economic development. Therefore, many undeveloped and developing countries identified tourism as one of the greatest sources of economic growth and detected it as the only way-out for economic prosperity. This research argues the inevitable relationship between tourism and economic development with an aim to investigate tourism impacts. Moreover, the paper attempts to disentangle the economic impacts of tourism industry in Macedonia by assessing its direct contribution to the economic development. For that purpose, some commonly applied economic parameters are addressed: the gross domestic product in order to measure the contribution of tourism to the overall economic activity; employment in tourism as possibility to contribute to job creation in combating unemployment rate; and the net flows of tourism services by analyzing the balance of payments. The research generally covers comparative analyses based on stylized facts obtained from desk-research and available sources of secondary data. The data set covers the period 1997-2012. Special attention is put on the period before and after the global financial crisis. The research findings reveal modest contribution of tourism towards economic development in Macedonia. Similar to many tourism-oriented countries, Macedonia was not immune to the negative shocks provoked by the world economic crisis that interrupted the upward tourism trend.The research underscores the necessity for continuous analysis of tourism economic impacts as an important consideration for strengthening national economy. Finally, the paper gains additional importance since the outcomes pose some valuable considerations to all tourism key-actors responsible for creating economic development strategies in Macedonia.

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