scholarly journals Flexible Mental Calculation: Reasoning Profiles of Brazilian Students in Second and Fourth Grades

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-233
Author(s):  
Simone Tiemi Hashiguti

ABSTRACT This essay explores the issue of oral production in English as a foreign language in Brazil. It reports the difficulty some students find to speak the language to matters of authority and legitimacy constituted in a particular history of language policies. Interest in the theme emerged because many Brazilian students who know English state they cannot speak the language and avoid pronouncing it and engaging in conversations. A discursive methodological framework forms the basis for the analysis of postings collected from discussion forums on different websites. First, I can´t speak English works as the reference statement that makes it possible to verify a discursive regularity in operation in Brazil. Second, a postcolonial theoretical framework supports the discussion on the conditions of possibility to speak English as a foreign language in a former Portuguese colony. The author argues that the ghost of the native, idealized speaker prevents students from recognizing the English they know as legitimate, and to speak it, and points out that dignity is a possible discourse to help deconstruct the colonial, silenced positioning that exists regarding the oral production in this foreign language.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-440
Author(s):  
Paulo Rodrigo Pedroso da Silva ◽  
Geraldo Albuquerque Maranhao Neto ◽  
Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Maria Pujol Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Maria Helena Vianna Metello Jacob ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Introduction: Doping control is an important means for preventing the use of illegal substances and methods in sports. Objective: This study investigated the self-reported use of illegal substances among young Brazilian students in the Youth School Games, the main sporting event among school-aged athletes in Brazil with almost 2 million students during all the phases. Methods: Cross-sectional study with athletes of the Youth School Games 2006 aged 14-17 years. The subjects were randomly selected and completed an anonymous questionnaire about substances use. Chi-square test was used for comparison of proportions between different variables on self-reported use of substances. Univariate and multivariate analyzes and logistic regression were performed. Results: Among the 402 athletes (aged 14-17) who volunteered to participate, the results showed high prevalence of alcohol (35.8%), nutritional supplements (39.1%), and tobacco (5.4%). Regarding illegal drugs and doping, 1.7% reported the use of stimulants, 2.2% illicit drugs, 0.5% anabolic steroids, and 1.7% hormones and other similar substances. Moreover, a different use of stimulants was found (especially Judo and Table tennis), medications (especially Judo and Chess) and dietary supplements (especially Swimming and Judo, with over 50% reported use). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the use of substances among young athletes is similar to the results found among adult Olympic athletes as per International Olympic Committee and World Anti-Doping Agency, especially regarding the use of dietary supplements, anabolic steroids, and stimulants according to data collected by other studies. We consider that the findings of the present work indicate the need for specific efforts to monitor, prevent, and control use of substances among school athletes in big events and competitions, such as this research on doping in the Youth School Games.


Author(s):  
Bianca Gonzalez Martins ◽  
Júlia Valério Barra ◽  
Wanderson Roberto da Silva ◽  
João Marôco ◽  
Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the Body Area Scale (BAS) applied to a sample of Brazilian university students to support the validity and reliability of the obtained data. Methods We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Comparative Fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). We calculated the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and ordinal alpha coefficient (α). All estimates were calculated separately for women and men. A thousand students participated (women = 64.0%, mean [M] age = 20.92, standard deviation [SD] = 2.40 years; body mass index (BMI) M = 23.24, SD = 3.97 kg/m2). Results Considering the CFA results, the original unifactorial model (24 items) did not fit data for women and men. Instead, the two-factorial model with 19 items had adequate fit for male and female samples (CFI = 0.922-0.958; TLI = 0.912-0.952; RMSEA = 0.090-0.096), as well as good convergent validity (AVE = 0.536-0.668) and reliability (CR = 0.920-0.952; α = 0.916-0.948). Once BAS was proposed to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with one’s own body, and considering the reformulation of the factorial model, we proposed a new name for the instrument: Body Appearance (Dis)Satisfaction Scale (BAS-R). Conclusion Professionals can now include the BAS-R in future protocols to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the body in Brazilian students.


Author(s):  
Luciane Corrêa Ferreira

This study concerns the use of corpus linguistics methodology in psycholinguistics research. Ten linguistic metaphors were selected from English and American newspapers. After that, we identified the underlying conceptual metaphor based on the conceptual metaphor inventory by Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 1999). We seek to investigate what sort of knowledge EFL-learners use when trying to understand a linguistic metaphor. We examined how EFL-learners comprehend linguistic metaphors, firstly without using the context and then using the context. The sample comprised 221 Brazilian students and 16 American students at UCSC. We have also carried out an empirical research using WebCorp.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Aparecida Barbieri da Rosa ◽  
Francies Diego Motke ◽  
Leticia Lengler ◽  
Jeanne Margareth Mainardi ◽  
Marcelo Trevisan ◽  
...  

Atualmente é preciso reavaliar o comportamento do consumidor e seus modos de consumo, pois buscando contribuir para um mundo mais equilibrado, com menos desperdício e impacto ambiental, percebe-se uma maior conscientização da sociedade acerca do que se consome. Neste sentido, este estudo possui como objetivo analisar o comportamento de consumo sustentável e compreender as similaridades e diferenças do consumo de produtos verdes de acadêmicos dos cursos de Administração de uma universidade brasileira e outra, espanhola. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método survey, com uma amostra caracterizada como não-probabilística e por acessibilidade mediante a aplicação de um questionário, que obteve o retorno de 289 respondentes. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi adaptado do estudo desenvolvido por Biswas e Roy (2015), o qual aborda a teoria dos valores de consumo, composta pelo valor funcional, valor social, valor condicional, valor ambiental e valor conhecimento. Os resultados obtidos revelam que, tanto para os acadêmicos brasileiros, quanto para os espanhóis, os constructos valor condicional e valor ambiental apresentaram as maiores médias, enquanto o constructo valor social apresentou uma média baixa. Também se observou que, por um lado, os estudantes brasileiros são mais propensos a adquirir produtos sustentáveis por sugestão de seus grupos sociais e que estão mais preocupados com o fato de que a escassez dos recursos naturais ameace o futuro das gerações posteriores. Por outro lado, os estudantes espanhóis são mais dispostos a comprar produtos de empresas que investem em questões ambientais. ABSTRACTNowadays it is necessary to reevaluate consumer behavior and consumption modes, as seeking to contribute to a more balanced world, with less waste and environmental impact, there is a greater awareness of society about what is consumed. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the sustainable consumption behavior of academics in Administration courses in Brazil and Spain, through comparative research. For this, the survey method was used, with a sample characterized as non-probabilistic and for accessibility through the application of a questionnaire, which obtained the return of 289 respondents. The data collection instrument was adapted from the study developed by Biswas and Roy (2015), which addresses the theory of consumption values, composed of functional value, social value, conditional value, environmental value, and knowledge value. The results obtained reveal that, for both Brazilian and Spanish academics, the conditional value and environmental value constructs had the highest averages, while the social value construct had a low average. It was also noted that, on the one hand, Brazilian students are more likely to purchase sustainable products at the suggestion of their social groups and that they are more concerned that the scarcity of natural resources threatens the future of later generations. On the other hand, Spanish students are more willing to buy products from companies that invest in environmental issues.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda David Vieira ◽  
Denise Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Heitor Blesa Farias ◽  
Patricia Martins Freitas

Abstract Working memory (WM) is a predictor of school learning. This study aimed to investigate the predictive power of verbal and non-verbal working memory (WM) on students’ performance in arithmetic. 126 children between 6 and 11 years old participated in the research. The instruments were: School Performance Test, Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices, Corsi Block-tapping Test, and Digits Subtest. The results showed strong and positive correlations of school performance with fluid intelligence r = 0.64, with verbal WM and non-verbal WM, both with r = 0.51 (p < 0.001). After multiple linear regression, it was found that the performance in visuospatial WM was a strong predictor for arithmetic, an effect not found for reading. The regression showed that WM explains 38% of the variance for arithmetic. It is concluded that WM has an expressive contribution to school performance, being more specific the contributions of visuospatial WM for arithmetic.


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