scholarly journals PENGARUH KONFLIK KEAGENAN TERHADAP CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN

MAKSIMUM ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Wahyu Manuhara Putra
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Agency Conflict ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Components Analysis

Abstract This study aimed to test whether the Corporate Governance associated the Agent- Conflicts This research Used exploratory principal components analysis and kanonikal analysis on 6 individual governance variables to get the 5 factors representing different dimensions of corporate governance and treasures the agent, conflict firms based on 7 agency conflict proxies used in the literature. Results of analysis found that Companies with greater agency conflict has a mechanism for better corporate governance, in particular that the low ownership structure has a high impact on institutional ownership. Overall the result support the theory that the existence and role of corporate governance mechanisms on firm is a function of agency Conflict in the company. Keyword : Agency Conflicts, Corporate Governance, exploratory principal components analysis, kanonikal analysis

scholarly journals Actividades de Cálculo Diferencial con Computadora: Estudio de Habilidades Matemáticas Desarrolladas

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Falsetti ◽  
Adriana Favieri ◽  
Roxana Scorzo ◽  
Betina Williner
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Differential Calculus ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Components Analysis

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong> Resumen</strong>. </span>El presente artículo reporta un estudio transeccional descriptivo sobre el desarrollo de habilidades matemáticas así como la relación de éstas con actividades matemáticas y contenidos específicos. Analizamos producciones escritas de estudiantes de carreras de ingeniería que realizan su primer curso de Cálculo Diferencial. Para esta experiencia han trabajado en un taller usando el software Mathematica®. Describimos los criterios considerados para la clasificación de las actividades y habilidades, los instrumentos para la evaluación y el procesamiento de los datos. En las conclusiones establecemos relaciones entre tipos de actividades y habilidades promovidas y nos referimos al rol del software en la enseñanza y en el aprendizaje de la introducción al Cálculo Diferencial. Finalmente mediante el análisis estadístico descriptivo y el de componentes principales reforzamos la hipótesis de que una habilidad debe medirse en estrecha dependencia con el contenido y la tarea realizada.</p> <p class="p1"><span class="s2"><strong>Palabras clave</strong>: </span>Habilidades matemáticas, diseño de actividades, software matemático de cálculo simbólico y numérico, cálculo diferencial, análisis estadístico por componentes principales.</p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong> Abstract</strong>. </span>This paper reports a transactional descriptive study on math skills, as part of mathematical competence, and its relationship with math activities and specific content. We analyze written productions of students, from Engineering careers, of the their first-Calculus course. For this experience, they have worked in a workshop using Mathematica ®software. We describe here the criteria used for the classification of activities and skills, the tools for evaluation and processing of the data. In the conclusions we establish relationships between types of activities and skills promoted and we refer to the role of software in teaching and learning in the introductory Differential Calculus course. Finally through descriptive statistical analysis and principal components analysis we also reinforce the hypothesis that a skill should be measured in close dependence on the content and the task.</p> <p class="p1"><span class="s2"><strong>KeyWords</strong>: </span>Math Skills, design activities, mathematical calculus software, Differential Calculus, principal components analysis.</p>

Singapore's Online Retail Deviants

2014 ◽  
pp. 449-470
Author(s):  
Ronan de Kervenoael ◽  
Alan Hallsworth ◽  
David Tng
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Media Practices

Geography, retailing, and power are institutionally bound up together. Within these, the authors situate their research in Clegg's work on power. Online shopping offers a growing challenge to the apparent hegemony of traditional physical retail stores' format. While novel e-formats appear regularly, blogshops in Singapore are enjoying astonishing success that has taken the large retailers by surprise. Even though there are well-developed theoretical frameworks for understanding the role of institutional entrepreneurs and other major stakeholders in bringing about change and innovation, much less attention has been paid to the role of unorganized, nonstrategic actors—such as blogshops—in catalyzing retail change. The authors explore how blogshops are perceived by consumers and how they challenge the power of other shopping formats. They use Principal Components Analysis to analyze results from a survey of 349 blogshops users. While the results show that blogshops stay true to traditional online shopping attributes, deviations occur on the concept of value. Furthermore, consumer power is counter intuitively found to be strongly present in the areas related to cultural ties, excitement, and search for individualist novelty (as opposed to mass-production), thereby encouraging researchers to think critically about emerging power behavior in media practices.

The Reliability and Validity of a Lithic Debitage Typology: Implications for Archaeological Interpretation

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Prentiss
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Lithic Reduction ◽  
Components Analysis

Sullivan and Rozen's (1985) debitage typology has been proposed as a method for measuring the effects of variation in lithic reduction by describing “distinctive assemblages.” This is in contrast to many traditional analytical methods oriented toward identifying the effects of lithic reduction techniques on individual flakes. Debate over the use of the typology has focused primarily on the ability of the typology to accurately measure variation in lithic reduction behavior, and secondarily on the role of experimental studies in archaeology. In this paper I present an analysis designed to estimate the reliability and validity of the typology. An experimental design is developed to permit data collection with minimal analyst induced random or systematic error. Principal components analysis and the coefficient theta demonstrate that the typology provides reliable or replicable results when applied to debitage assemblages of similar technological origin. Further principal components analysis suggests that the instrument is of limited utility in recognizing effects of variation in reduction activities associated with highly vitreous lithic raw materials. A means of expanding the typology and increasing its accuracy in archaeological pattern recognition is presented.

The Role of Odour Quality in the Perception of Binary and Higher-Order Mixtures

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7267 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lindqvist ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Birgitta Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Polyamide 6.6

Twenty participants scaled similarities in odour quality, odour intensity and pleasantness/unpleasantness of 10 binary and 5 higher-order mixtures of 5 odorous degradation products from the polymer Polyamide 6.6. The perceived odour qualities of all binary mixtures were represented well as intermediary vectors relative to their component-odour vectors in a three-component principal components analysis. The odour qualities of the “floral/fruity” 2-pentylcyclopentan-1-one and the “sharp/cheese-like” pentanoic acid contributed profoundly to their binary mixtures, as did the “minty” cyclopentanone, but in fewer cases. Conversely, the “ether-like” 2-methyl pyridine and “nutty” butanamide did not contribute much. Odour similarity was shown to be caused by odour quality, rather than odour intensity. Three out of five degradation products formed distinct clusters of odours and were therefore interpreted to be profound contributors to the odour quality of the binary mixtures. The higher-order mixtures created new odour qualities which were completely different and untraceable to their various parts as perceived alone. These results demonstrate that it is critical to research the perception of natural mixtures in order to be able to understand the human olfactory code.

Role of auditor in agency conflict and corporate governance

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ching Cho ◽  
Chu-Hua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agency Conflict ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Auditor Selection

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hiring a high-quality auditor (i.e. industry specialist) depends on corporate governance indicators after controlling a different level of agency conflicts (ACs). Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses logistic regressions on 12,449 firm-year samples of Taiwanese public companies from 1998 to 2011 by grouping the samples into three categories (i.e. low, medium and high AC). Findings – The results show that the corporate governance indicators can explain the decision of auditor selection only in low and medium AC groups, which suggest that there may be a complementary relationship between external (i.e. auditors) and internal governance when the ACs are mild. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the ongoing debate between the complementary and substitutable effects. When the internal ACs are controlled, the internal governance and auditor selection are complemented.

scholarly journals New Role of Thermal Mapping in Winter Maintenance with Principal Components Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Marchetti ◽  
Lee Chapman ◽  
Abderrahmen Khalifa ◽  
Michel Buès
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Thermal Mapping ◽  
Components Analysis

Thermal mapping uses IR thermometry to measure road pavement temperature at a high resolution to identify and to map sections of the road network prone to ice occurrence. However, measurements are time-consuming and ultimately only provide a snapshot of road conditions at the time of the survey. As such, there is a need for surveys to be restricted to a series of specific climatic conditions during winter. Typically, five to six surveys are used, but it is questionable whether the full range of atmospheric conditions is adequately covered. This work investigates the role of statistics in adding value to thermal mapping data. Principal components analysis is used to interpolate between individual thermal mapping surveys to build a thermal map (or even a road surface temperature forecast), for a wider range of climatic conditions than that permitted by traditional surveys. The results indicate that when this approach is used, fewer thermal mapping surveys are actually required. Furthermore, comparisons with numerical models indicate that this approach could yield a suitable verification method for the spatial component of road weather forecasts—a key issue currently in winter road maintenance.

scholarly journals Board governance, ownership structure and financing decisions in emerging market

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Safiullah
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Board Governance ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Agency Conflict

This paper aims to contribute to the corporate governance literature by examining the effects of board governance and ownership structure on financing decisions in an emerging country context. Using hand collected corporate governance data from a panel sample of 110 publically-listed firms in Bangladesh over 2009-2012, this study finds that the corporate debt ratio is not related to standard board of directors mechanisms.The results indicate that board of directors play little role in resolving conflicts in an environment with the presence of strong principal-principal agency conflict. The study also finds no evidence of institutional investors’ activism in a manner that is consistent with the goals of other outside stockholders due to the weak regulatory and market discipline. This empirical evidence from the principal-principal agency conflicts (conflict of interest between majority shareholders and minority shareholders) offers insights to policy makers in emerging countries interested to protect minority shareholders’ rights and to ensure effective corporate governance of capital structure decisions.

scholarly journals Assessing Factors That Influence Healthcare Provider Attitudes and Practices regarding Place-Based Exercise Prescriptions: Results of Principal Components Analysis of a Newly Developed Survey Instrument

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Carissa Smock ◽  
Sheryl L. Chatfield
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Provider Attitudes ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Components Analysis

Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to describe development and preliminary assessment of an instrument designed to assess facilitators and barriers of provider-provided, place-based exercise prescriptions, including provider attributes, perceptions, knowledge, and resource needs. Although the American Medical Association-Supported “Exercise is Medicine” initiative encourages the practice of exercise prescription among member providers, only a small proportion engages in this practice. Additionally, little is known about the role of place-based exercise prescriptions, although access to physical activity resources differs based on residence, access to transportation, income, and other factors. To utilize potential for prescriptions to encourage physical activity, better understanding of the role of place is essential. Methods. Previously validated and newly developed items were combined to create an 88-item survey that was administered to 166 healthcare providers. Results. Results of principal components analysis suggested a five-factor structure; three factors—provider belief in exercise benefits, provider training needs, and place-based concerns—demonstrated high internal consistency. Factors demonstrating low internal consistency included provider attitudes about their role in exercise prescription and providers’ perceptions of patient barriers. Conclusions. Following this stage in survey validation, the 88-item developed survey could be shortened by eliminating items with low loadings. Providers may be more receptive to a shorter instrument, which could facilitate reliability and validity testing of a revised instrument. Further steps to validate the instrument include assessing consistent responses over time and considering predictive ability of the survey as an additional measure of validity. Results from the initial survey administration indicate that providers’ lack of training regarding how to prescribe exercise and lack of knowledge of safe, affordable, or proximate locations for patients to engage in prescribed exercise present barriers to wider use of exercise prescriptions. Community-clinical linkages which network providers with area physical activity and exercise resources may present a partial solution. Knowledge of safe, affordable, or proximate locations for patients to engage in prescribed exercise presents a barrier to place-based exercise prescriptions.

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