scholarly journals Prevalence of visual impairment and eye diseases in Afghan refugees in Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-566
Author(s):  
H. R. Awan ◽  
T. Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Loss ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Afghan Refugee ◽  
Corneal Opacities

The prevalence and etiology of visual loss and eye diseases were determined in a resident Afghan refugee community in northern Pakistan. The survey included 1156 people and revealed that 2.1% of the population were blind and 6.9% were visually impaired according to WHO criteria. The leading causes of blindness included cataract [62.5%], uncorrected refractive errors [16.6%], retinal degeneration/dystrophy [12.5%], glaucoma [4.2%] and microphthalmos [4.2%]. The causes of visual loss were uncorrected refractive errors [46.2%], cataract [32.7%] and corneal opacities [4.8%]. These conditions were also important causes of unilateral lost vision. Active trachoma was found in 3.7% of all children under 10 years of age

The Afghan refugees of Lajpat Nagar: The boundaries between them and Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Sohom Roy ◽  
Raoof Mir
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Political ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Minimal Contact ◽  
Spatial Boundary ◽  
Refugee Experience ◽  
Geographical Space

The political and social implications of the refugee crisis have positioned refugee studies as a crucial discipline to understand politics in contemporary times. This article aims to contribute to the discipline by exploring the example of a community of Muslim Afghan refugees in Lajpat Nagar, Delhi, India, and studying their ‘refugee experience’ through the theoretical concept of ‘boundaries’ as developed by noted American sociologist Richard Alba. The article studies the various aspects of the segregation of the refugee community by focusing on the different constituents of the boundary separating them from the citizens. The article initially discusses legal boundaries, that is the legal marginalization of refugees in general and Muslim refugees in particular by the Indian state. Through the perceptual boundary, which involves the negative perception held among citizens towards the refugee community and vice versa, social distance between the citizens and the refugee community is widened. The spatial boundary, which is the de facto ghettoization of the refugee community to a certain geographical space, forces the citizens and refugee communities to maintain minimal contact with each other. Through the linguistic boundary, further conditions leading to reduced social contact are created. In the presence of so many intersectional boundaries, this article showcases how the boundaries are sometimes blurred, and how aspects such as food or commerce can help the process of boundary breaching. The study of boundaries, their formation, effect and permeability also throws light onto other important aspects of the lives of members of the refugee community – their perception regarding mainstream Indians, their daily problems and challenges, aspirations and demands.

scholarly journals A Review of Refugees and Their Mental Health in the Perspective of World, and the Particular Issue of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ubair Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Afghan Refugee ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Host Nation

The mental health of the refugees is a matter of interest from the global perspective, as the refugees are reported to have several kinds of mental illness because of their flee from their home countries which could ultimately provoke the circumstances of the host countries. Pakistan is amongst the top listed countries providing the refuge to the displaced people after Lebanon, Jordan and, Turkey. The refugees have been reported to have behavioral and mental issues because they had gone through the awful situations of being exiled from their own land. Pakistan is serving the refugees from decades on mandate of UNHCR, but has been victimized of worthy loss due to the extremists and terrorists hide in refugee camps, because of their psychopaths of criminality towards the host-nation. Pakistan still backed the Afghan refugees and declared to provide the nationality to those Afghan’s born in Pakistan. But, Pakistan doesn’t possess any certain act or policy concerning the Afghan refugee till now, the mandate of UNHCR has been following as well as the health facilities and betterments for refugees are accordingly. By unveiling the certain issue mental health of the refugees in general the recommendations has been presented as well as by focusing the matter of the Afghan Refugees the ultimate policy is devised to consider for betterment in state-backed by the evidence gathered contextually.

scholarly journals Repatriation as a Solution of Afghan Refugee Crisis: A Critical Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaya Khan Auntu ◽  
Afia Tasnim Promee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Afghan Refugee ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Critical Overview

Since 1979, the Afghan refugee crisis is the second largest refugee crisis in the world which is termed as “Protracted Refugee Situation”. Since then, the neighboring countries, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have provided support in terms of sheltering the refugees and conducting the measures of durable solutions. Last year, it marked the fourth decade of the crisis, and there is still no permanent solution. Different measures have been taken, among them, Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR) is the most significant one. In this paper, a qualitative approach involving secondary data sources critically evaluates the effects of repatriation as a solution to the Afghan refugee crisis. This paper had tried to illustrate significant initiatives taken by UNHCR and the governments of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran along with the international community. In conclusion, some policies are recommended to make voluntary repatriation more effective.

scholarly journals International Forced Migration and Pak- Afghan Development Concerns: Exploring Afghan Refugee Livelihood Strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Rehan Khan Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
President Obama ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Afghan Refugee ◽  
Refugee Woman ◽  
Academic Debate

This study investigates the livelihood strategies employed by Afghan refugees residing in Pakistan. These refugees were forced to take refuge in Pakistan after Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1978. Three decades after their migration, and after repeated Pakistani government attempts to resettle them in Afghanistan, scores of Afghan refugees still reside in Pakistan. This paper discusses the evolving relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan over the years and their respective implications. Researching the various livelihood strategies that Afghan refugees pursued their impact on the Pakistani labor market is discussed. By means of taking a case study of an Afghan refugee woman, this study concludes that there exists a gender dimension in Afghan refugee population. In doing so two developmental concerns are identified i) development projects focused on refugee assistance in Afghanistan and Pakistan ignore the development concerns of the women population ii) countries that provide refuge to victims of war are exposed to a new set of development challenges in addition to their already burdened economy. This paper furthers the academic debate on achieving the development challenge of attaining a stable South Asia, in light of the AfPak strategy initiated by President Obama in 2010, and reflects on potential areas for policy making for Pakistan, Afghanistan and the United States.

scholarly journals The prevalence of Eye Disease in Elderly Bengalis in Tower Hamlets

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Gray
Keyword(s):  
Visual Loss ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Health Service Planning ◽  
London Borough ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Visually Handicapped

The prevalence of eye disease and uncorrected refractive errors in a group of 167 elderly members of the Bangladeshi community which resides in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets was studied. Of the subjects screened 24.6% were found to have a significant and potentially treatable cause of visual loss and a further 32.3% were visually handicapped through the presence of uncorrected refractive errors. A high prevalence (53.3%) of cataract was found in the elderly Bengalis. The high prevalence of eye disease in this ethnic minority group, has important implications for health service planning.

Amblyopia: Etiology, Detection, and Treatment

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Irene Magramm
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Prompt Treatment ◽  
Adhesive Patch ◽  
Cover Test

Amblyopia is a preventable cause of visual loss in children that may be permanent unless it is detected and treated early. It may be caused by strabismus, refractive errors, or cataracts. Primary strabismus may lead to loss of vision from amblyopia and the loss of binocularity. Secondary strabismus may be a sign of primary visual loss in one or both eyes. The most serious disorder that may present as secondary strabismus is retinoblastoma. It is imperative to detect retinoblastoma early because of its morbidity and mortality. Amblyopia is detected by assessing the visual acuity of each eye. Strabismus is detected by using the corneal light reflex test and the cover test. Focusing problems are detected by assessing the visual acuity and the red reflex. Cataracts and retinoblastoma may be detected by examining the red reflex of the eye. Treatment of amblyopia consists of correcting the amblyogenic factor with appropriate glasses and surgery. The preferred eye is patched with an adhesive patch to stimulate visual development in the amblyopie eye. The pediatrician plays a crucial role in the early detection of amblyopia, strabismus, and cataracts. The key to successful visual outcome is early recognition by the pediatrician, referral to the pediatric opthalmologist, and prompt treatment.

Ophthalmology

2021 ◽  
pp. 515-536
Author(s):  
David Yorston
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Red Eye ◽  
Global Blindness

Global blindness?, Presenting features of eye disease?, Visual loss: refractive errors?, Cataract?, Corneal opacity?, Glaucoma?, Macular degeneration?, Diabetic retinopathy?, Red eye?, Injuries to the eye?, Red eye with no injury?, Conjunctivitis?, Corneal ulcers?, Uveitis?, Acute glaucoma?, Trachoma?, Xerophthalmia?, Ocular leprosy?, HIV infection and the eye?, Onchocerciasis and the eye?

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