scholarly journals BCG vaccine and post-BCG complications among infants in Gaza Strip, 1999

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
R. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Complications Rate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Batch

The relationship between post-BCG complications and the practices of administration and/or use of certain batches of BCG vaccine was investigated. A questionnaire were given to nurses administering BCG vaccination. An abstraction sheet was used to analyse cases with BCG complications among infants [n = 552] and schoolchildren [n = 97]. The rate of complications was 14.7/1000 among infants and 2.5/1000 among schoolchildren in 1997. The complications rate was 19.1/1000 at UNRWA and 8.3/1000 at governmental health services. It was found that a single batch of BCG 2611-11 combined with incorrect administering of the vaccine was responsible for this outbreak of complications. Therefore, the establishment of a surveillance system to monitor adverse events following immunization is needed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the surveillance system for adverse events following immunisation in the Gaza Strip: a cross-sectional study

The Lancet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. S27
Author(s):  
Jehad A Awad ◽  
Majdi I Dhair ◽  
Nedal I Ghuneim ◽  
Khaled Abu Ali ◽  
Yousef S Al-Yaqoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Adverse Events in Victoria, Australia: Analysis of Reports to an Enhanced Passive Surveillance System

Drug Safety ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel J. Clothier ◽  
Laine Hosking ◽  
Nigel W. Crawford ◽  
Melissa Russell ◽  
Mee Lee Easton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Passive Surveillance System

Should Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine be used in the prophylaxis of COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy O. Sanchez-Mostiero ◽  
Abigail F. Melicor
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Cutaneous Reactions

At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis for COVID-19. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine is an attenuated microorganism derived from bovine tubercle bacillus and is being given to prevent severe tuberculosis. BCG vaccination may enhance production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). BCG may lead to increased CD4 and CD8 T-cell activity on subsequent viral infection. Ecological studies on the effect of BCG vaccination policy on COVID-19 outcomes have conflicting results and are prone to bias from confounders. There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for COVID-19 prophylaxis. Thirteen clinical trials are ongoing among high-risk groups (healthcare workers, elderly, police officers) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine in preventing COVID-19 and its severe symptoms. WHO does not recommend the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis against COVID-19. Adverse events of BCG vaccine range from mild local cutaneous reactions to systemic adverse events such as abscess, lymphadenopathy and osteomyelitis.

scholarly journals A study on the relationship between BCG vaccination and Covid-19 prevalence: Do other confounders warrant investigation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Mariita ◽  
Jonathan M. Musila
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and quickly spread to the rest of the globe is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA virus. Preliminary data suggest a relationship between the BCG vaccine and the prevalence of Covid-19. The BCG vaccine is used in the prevention of tuberculosis, a disease that is most prevalent in developing countries. To determine the potential protective role of BCG vaccination, this study investigated the occurrence of Covid-19 and the relationship between the spread of Covid-19 in countries that offer BCG vaccination and those that do not. The study also performed a phylogenetic analysis of the strains involved in the Covid-19 outbreak from the representative countries. To achieve the objectives, the study utilized publicly available data on population size, vaccination coverage, and Covid-19 cases. Phylogenetic analysis was used to determine if some SARS-CoV-2 strains were more prevalent than others. The study revealed a significant negative trend between countries that offer the BCG vaccine to the general population and the reported cases of Covid-19. The study proposes future molecular and immunological analyses to determine the potential role of BCG vaccination in protection against Covid-19. This will determine if BCG has antiviral properties, with the possibility of recommending it for widespread use if supported by scientific data.

Explore the Possible Impact of BCG Vaccination Policy on the Morbidity, Mortality, and Recovery Rates due to COVID-19 Infection. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Cune Chang
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Specific

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is the new form of an acute infectious respiratory disease and has quickly spread over most continents in the world. Recently, it has been shown that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) might protect against COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the possible correlation between BCG vaccination and morbidity/mortality/recovery rate associated with COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVE Our findings confirm that the BCG vaccination might protect against COVID-19 virus infection. METHODS Data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths, recoveries, and population were obtained from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Accessed on 12 June, 2020). To have meaningful comparisons among countries’ mortality and recovery rates, we only choose those countries with COVID-19 infected cases at least 200. The Poisson regression and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between BCG vaccination and morbidity, mortality and recovery rates. RESULTS Among those 158 countries with at least 200 COVID-19 infected cases, there were 141 countries with BCG vaccination information available. The adjusted rates ratio of COVID-19 confirmed cases for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination was 0.339 (with 95% CI= (0.338,0.340)). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death and recovery after coronavirus infected for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination were 0.258 (with 95% CI= (0.254,0.261)) and 2.151 (with 95% CI= (2.140,2.163)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS That data in this study show the BCG might provide the protection against COVID-19, with consequent less COVID-19 infection and deaths and more rapid recovery. BCG vaccine might bridge the gap before the disease-specific vaccine is developed, but this hypothesis needs to be further tested in rigorous randomized clinical trials. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131268

scholarly journals Association between CYP3A5 Polymorphism and Statin-Induced Adverse Events: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Jeong Yee ◽  
Hamin Kim ◽  
Yunhee Heo ◽  
Ha-Young Yoon ◽  
Gonjin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Event Risk ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Lipophilic Statin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Review Manager

Purpose: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of statins; CYP3A5 is the main enzyme responsible for lipophilic statin metabolism. However, the evidence of the association between CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and the risk of statin-induced adverse events remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and the risk of statin-induced adverse events. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for qualified studies published until August 2020. Observational studies that included the association between statin-induced adverse events and the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism were reviewed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated to assess the strength of the relationship. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to provide the pooled ORs. Heterogeneity was estimated with I2 statistics and publication bias was determined by Begg’s and Egger’s test of the funnel plot. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4) and R Studio (version 3.6). Results: In total, data from 8 studies involving 1614 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The CYP3A5*3 polymorphism was found to be associated with the risk of statin-induced adverse events (*3/*3 vs. *1/*1 + *1/*3: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.08–1.82). For myopathy, the pooled OR was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.96–1.75). The subgroup analysis of statin-induced myopathy revealed a trend, which did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism affected statin-induced adverse event risk. Therefore, CYP3A5 genotyping may be useful to predict statin toxicity.

scholarly journals On Online Practices of Hospitality in Higher Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Imperiale ◽  
Alison Phipps ◽  
Giovanna Fassetta
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Technological Medium ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Collective Development ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article contributes to conversations on hospitality in educational settings, with a focus on higher education and the online context. We integrate Derrida’s ethics of hospitality framework with a focus on practices of hospitality, including its affective and material, embodied dimension (Zembylas: Stud Philos Educ 39:37–50, 2019). This article offers empirical examples of practices of what we termed ‘virtual academic hospitality’: during a series of online collaborative and cross borders workshops with teachers of English based in the Gaza Strip (Palestine), we performed academic hospitality through virtual convivial rituals and the sharing of virtual gifts, which are illustrated here. We propose a revision of the concept of academic hospitality arguing that: firstly, academic hospitality is not limited to intellectual conversations; secondly, that the relationship between hospitality and mobility needs to be revised, since hospitality mediated by the technological medium can be performed, and technology may even stretch hospitality towards the unreachable ‘unconditional hospitality’ theorised by Derrida (Of hospitality: Anne Dufourmantelle invited Jacques Derrida to respond. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2000); and thirdly, that indigenous epistemics, with their focus on the affective, may offer alternative understandings of conviviality within the academy. These points may contribute to the collective development of a new paradigmatic understanding of hospitality, one which integrates Western and indigenous traditions of hospitality, and which includes the online environment.

FREQUENCY RATE OF BCG VACCINATION AND SELECTED INDICATORS OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
V.A. Aksenova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Gordina ◽  
S.A. Sterlikov ◽  
D.A. Kucheryawaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective of the study: to assess the effect of the frequency of administration of the BCG vaccine on the nature and structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis (TB) in children. Materials and methods of research: a cohort observational retrospective continuous comparative multicenter crosssectional study was carried out. The data (registration form № 089/u-tube) of 3253 children of 7–14 years old with newly revealed changes in the lungs of a specific genesis, registered in 2019–2020 in the institutions of the anti-tuberculosis service of the Russian Federation were analyzed. Two comparison groups were identified: group 1 (observation group) – children who received a double injection of BCG vaccine (vaccination and revaccination) (n=184), group 2 (comparison group) – children who received a single BCG vaccination (n=3358). To achieve this goal, 5 null hypotheses were identified for testing which groups are formed from the received data array with the necessary parameters. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyzes (including confounding factors). Results: it was found that BCG revaccination does not reduce the risk of TB compared with residual changes after, it does not reduce the proportion of generalized forms of TB compared with localized forms (OR=2,4, p=0,08). The frequency of vaccination has not a statistically significant effect on the frequency of bacterial excretion (aOR=1,6, p=0,15) and destruction of lung tissue (OR=1,1, p=1). Revaccination has a statistically significant effect on the ratio of primary and secondary forms of TB, reducing the likelihood of its primary forms (aOR=0,4, p<0,001). In the course of multivariate analysis, it was found that the formation of primary or secondary TB, as well as the frequency of bacterial excretion in the comparison groups, was significantly influenced by confounding factors. Conclusion: this work has demonstrated the absence of a pronounced protective effect of repeated administration of the BCG vaccine on the clinical course of a specific process.

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