scholarly journals Knowledge and perceptions of prescribers regarding adherence to standard treatment guidelines for malaria: a comparative cross-sectional study from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
M. Malik ◽  
M.A.A. Hassali ◽  
A.A. Shafie ◽  
A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines

scholarly journals Adherence to standard treatment guidelines among prescribers in primary healthcare facilities in the Dodoma region of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Wiedenmayer ◽  
Eva Ombaka ◽  
Baraka Kabudi ◽  
Robert Canavan ◽  
Sarah Rajkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human resources that impedes its effectiveness to deliver dependable and uniform quality healthcare. Adherence to standard treatment guidelines (STG) can help provide more consistent and correct diagnoses and treatments and limit the irrational use of medicines and the negative health consequences that can occur as a result. The purpose of this study was to investigate prescribers’ adherence of their diagnoses and respective treatments to national STG and to identify potential areas for planning interventions. Methods A cross-sectional study on prescribers’ adherence to diagnosis and treatment, according to national STG, was conducted in 2012 in public primary healthcare facilities (HCF) in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. Information on 2886 patients was collected, prospectively and retrospectively, from 120 HCF across the Dodoma region using a structured questionnaire. Twenty-five broadly defined main illness groups were recorded and the nine most prevalent and relevant conditions were statistically analysed in detail. Results Diagnoses and related treatments were recorded and analysed in 2872 cases. The nine most prevalent conditions were upper respiratory tract infections (25%), malaria (18%), diarrhoea (9.9%), pneumonia (6.1%), skin problems (5.8%), gastrointestinal diagnoses (5%), urinary tract infections (4%), worm infestations (3.6%) and eye problems (2.1%). Only 1.8% of all diagnoses were non-communicable diseases. The proportion of prescribers’ primary diagnoses that completely adhered to national STG was 599 (29.9%), those that partially adhered totalled 775 (38.7%), wrong medication was given in 621 cases (30.9%) and no diagnosis or medication was given in nine cases (0.5%). Sixty-one percent of all patients received an antibiotic regardless of the diagnoses. Complete adherence was highest when worms were diagnosed and lowest for diarrhoea. The proportion of cases that did not adhere to STG was highest with patients with skin problems and lowest for malaria. Conclusion Prescribers’ general adherence to national STG in primary HCF in the public sector in Dodoma region is sub-optimal. The reasons are multifaceted and focused attention, directed at improving prescribing and pharmacotherapy, is required with a view of improving patient care and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Adherence to Standard Treatment Guidelines Among Prescribers in Primary Healthcare Facilities in the Dodoma Region of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Anne Wiedenmayer ◽  
Eva Ombaka ◽  
Baraka Kabudi ◽  
Robert Canavan ◽  
Sarah Rajkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human resources which impedes its effectiveness to deliver dependable and uniform quality healthcare. Adherence to standard treatment guidelines (STG) can help provide more consistent and correct diagnoses and treatments and limit the irrational use of medicines and the negative health consequences that can occur as a result. The purpose of this study was to investigate prescribers’ adherence of their diagnoses and respective treatments to national STG and to identify potential areas for planning interventions.Methods: A cross sectional study on prescribers’ adherence to diagnosis and treatment, according to national STG, was conducted in 2012 in public, primary healthcare facilities (HCF) in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. Information on 2886 patients was collected, prospectively and retrospectively, from 120 HCF across the Dodoma region using a structured questionnaire. Twenty-five, broadly defined, main illness groups were recorded and the nine most prevalent and relevant conditions were statistically analysed in detail. Results: Diagnoses and related treatments were recorded and analysed in 2872 cases. The nine most prevalent conditions were upper respiratory tract infections (25%), malaria (18%), diarrhoea (9.9%), pneumonia (6.1%), skin problems (5.8%), gastrointestinal diagnoses (5%), urinary tract infections (4%), worm infestations (3.6%) and eye problems (2.1%). Only 1.8% of all diagnoses were non-communicable diseases. The proportion of prescribers’ primary diagnoses that completely adhered to national STG was 599 (29.9%), those that partially adhered totalled 775 (38.7%), wrong medication was given in 621 (30.9%) cases and no diagnosis or medication was given in nine cases (0.5%). Sixty-one percent of all patients received an antibiotic regardless of the diagnoses. Complete adherence was highest when worms were diagnosed and lowest for diarrhoea. The proportion of cases that did not adhere to STG was highest with patients with skin problems and lowest for malaria.Conclusion: Prescribers’ general adherence to national STG in primary HCF in the public sector in Dodoma region is sub-optimal. The reasons are multifaceted, and focused attention directed at improving prescribing and pharmacotherapy is required with a view of improving patient care and health outcomes.

What would be missed if we didn’t screen men who have sex with men for oral chlamydia trachomatis? A cross-sectional study

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Loomba ◽  
Vickie Knight ◽  
Anna McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Sex With Men

Background This study aimed to describe oropharyngeal chlamydia (OCT) in gay and bisexually active men (GBM) attending a large urban sexual health clinic in Sydney and determine what proportion of cases would be missed if screening was not routine. Methods: Retrospective data were extracted for all GBM with a positive OCT result between 1 October 2012 and 31 April 2014. The control group consisted of patients who had a negative OCT result on their first visit during the study period, and each patient was only counted once. Results: A total of 74 of 2920 GBM (0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.03) were diagnosed with OCT. The 2920 GBM had a total of 11 226 OCT tests performed, demonstrating OCT test positivity of 0.006 (95% CI: 0.005–0.008). A total of 62 sexually transmissible infections (STIs) were diagnosed at other sites: 34 rectal chlamydia (CT), 12 throat gonorrohea (GC), 7 urine CT, 7 rectal GC, 1 infectious syphilis and 1 non-gonoccal urethritis (NGU) case. Of the 74 OCT cases, 56 (0.76, 95% CI: 0.64–0.85) were treated with Azithromycin; 51 (69%) as part of standard treatment for their STI co-infection (34 rectal CT, 12 throat GC, 7 urine CT, 7 rectal GC, 1 NGU case) and a further five (7%) were treated as contacts. The remaining 18 people (0.24, 95% CI: 0.15–0.36) would not have been treated unless they were tested specifically for OCT. Conclusion: Overall, two-thirds of the OCT cases received appropriate treatment and only a small number of cases would have been missed had routine screening not been performed. With an extremely low overall test positivity of 0.6%, screening for OCT at our service adds little to population level health control.

scholarly journals Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B phases in Eritrean patients: a laboratory-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elfatih Hamida ◽  
Saud Mohammed Raja ◽  
Yemane Seyoum ◽  
Isam Mohammed Elkhidir ◽  
Freweini Tekle
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Immune Tolerant

Abstract Background Understanding the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is important for determining optimal management and predicting prognosis in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different phases of CHB infection among Eritrean patients and to identify the proportion of patients who are eligible for treatment according to the latest American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 293 CHB patients (213 males and 80 females) between Jan 2017 and Feb 2019. The patients were classified into immune-tolerant, immune-active, and inactive CHB phases of the infection, which is based on the results of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological panel (HBsAg, anti-HBc total, HBeAg, and anti-HBe), ALT levels, and HBV DNA viral load. The 2018 AASLD guidelines were also used to identify patients who needed treatment. Results The mean age of the patients was 41.66 ± 13.84 years. Of these, 3 (1.0%) were at the immune tolerant phase, 58 (19.8%) at the immune-active CHB phase, and 232 (79.2%) at the inactive CHB phase. As most subjects (93%) were HBeAg-negative, based on AASLD guidelines, only 5 (1.7%) were currently eligible for treatment. Conclusions Our data show that CHB patients in Eritrea were predominantly in the inactive CHB phase. Although initiating antiviral therapy is not recommended in these patients, periodic assessment of liver function and disease severity should be considered in patients older than 40 years. The immune-tolerant phase had the fewest patients, most of whom were aged above 20 years, attesting to the success of incorporating HBV vaccine in the national childhood immunization program since 2002. Our study shows that adopting AASLD treatment guidelines with adjustments to suit the local setting is a suitable option in the management of Eritrean CHB patients.

scholarly journals Unused and Expired Medications: Are They a Threat? A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215013271984785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awol Jemal Ebrahim ◽  
Fitsum Sebsibe Teni ◽  
Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unused Medications

Background: A significant amount of potentially effective and lifesaving medications were wasted at the health facilities due to lack of a system for checking their effectiveness and returning them to the system. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of unused medications and related consequences in selected health facilities of Awi zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design supplemented by a qualitative approach was employed. Descriptive data were collected using checklists while interviews were conducted with respective personnel at the health facilities. Results: A total of 4 health facilities were included in the study. During the 1 month of study period, 56 types of medications were found unused at the health facilities. Anti-infective medications were the most commonly unused medications 36.4%. At the in-patient departments of the 4 hospitals, a total of 173 medications were found unused. Similarly, 605 medications were found wasted at the pharmacy stores of those hospitals in the 2009 fiscal year. Conclusion: A significant amount of unused medications were present at the health facilities. Health facilities need to monitor health professionals strictly follow national and international treatment guidelines and monitor the rational use of medications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document