CALCULATION OF THE CONSTANTS OF COPOLYMERIZATION OF METHACRYLAMIDE WITHN-VINYLCAPROLACTAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Nurmukhammad Kamiljanov ◽  
◽  
Nurmukhammad Alimkulov ◽  
Sherzodbek Nabiev ◽  
Madaminjon Abdujabborov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Activity ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Compositional Heterogeneity ◽  
Average Composition ◽  
Composition Modification ◽  
Compositional Distribution ◽  
First Time

In this work, a copolymer of methacrylamide with N-vinylcaprolactam was synthesized for the first time by the method of radical copolymerization, based on the obtained values of the copolymerization constants, the dependence of the instantaneous and average composition of the copolymer was calculated. The relative activity constants r1 and r2 of methacrylamide and N-vinylcaprolactam monomers in the reaction of radical copolymerization have been calculated. The probability of the formation of different sequences of units during the formation of the copolymer was investigated. The variance of the compositional distribution was found to have a minimum at the azeatropic point.Key words:copolymerization, methacrylamide, N-vinylcaprolactam, monomer, copolymer, instant composition, average composition, modification, compositional heterogeneity, dispersion

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF 1-(P-VINYLPHENYL)-2- DIETHYLAMINOMETHYLCYCLOPROPANE AND ITS RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION WITH METHYL METHACRYLATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
A.I. Sadygova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Parameter Values

The radical copolymerization of 1-(p-vinylphenyl)-2-diethylaminomethylcyclopropane with methyl methacrylate was carried out and some regularities of the process examined. Values of constants of relative activity of monomers were determined and Q-e parameters calculated on Alfrey and Price. Copolymerization constants of this compound (r1) with methyl methacrylate (r2), calculated on the FinemanRoss method, are as follows: r1 = 0.95, r2 = 0.33, Q and e parameter values: Q1 = 1.80, e1 = -0.72, respectively. The photochemical structuring of the copolymer was studied. It was established that the obtained copolymer has a sufficiently high biomedical activity which opens up the possibility of its using as bactericides and fungicides

scholarly journals NEGATIVE PHOTORESISTS ON THE BASIS OF COPOLYMERS OF 2-CHLOROMETHYL-1-(PVINYL PHENYL)CYCLOPROPANE WITH GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (45) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
G. Guliyev ◽  
A. Sadygova ◽  
T. Gulverdashvili ◽  
M. Aliyeva ◽  
D. Tagiyev
Keyword(s):  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Photosensitive Material ◽  
Composition And Structure

The radical copolymerization of 2-chloromethyl-1-(p-vinyl phenyl)cyclopropane with glycidyl methacrylate is carried out. The composition and structure of the obtained copolymer are established. The constant values of relative activity of monomers are determined and Q-е parameters on Alfrey-Price are calculated. The photosensitivity of new cyclopropane and epoxy-containing photosensitive copolymers is studied. The photochemical structuring is investigated and it is established that the synthesized polymer has a photosensitivity (56 cm2/J) and can be used for creation of photosensitive material.

scholarly journals Characterization of Three Complete Mitogenomes of Flatidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) and Compositional Heterogeneity Analysis in the Planthoppers’ Mitochondrial Phylogenomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5586
Author(s):  
Deqiang Ai ◽  
Lingfei Peng ◽  
Daozheng Qin ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Compositional Heterogeneity ◽  
Heterogeneous Mixture ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Homogeneous Models ◽  
Complete Mitogenome ◽  
A Site ◽  
Variable Evolutionary Rates ◽  
First Time

Although sequences of mitogenomes have been widely used for investigating phylogenetic relationship, population genetics, and biogeography in many members of Fulgoroidea, only one complete mitogenome of a member of Flatidae has been sequenced. Here, the complete mitogenomes of Cerynia lineola, Cromna sinensis, and Zecheuna tonkinensis are sequenced. The gene arrangements of the three new mitogenomes are consistent with ancestral insect mitogenomes. The strategy of using mitogenomes in phylogenetics remains in dispute due to the heterogeneity in base composition and the possible variation in evolutionary rates. In this study, we found compositional heterogeneity and variable evolutionary rates among planthopper mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on site-homogeneous models showed that the families (Delphacidae and Derbidae) with high values of Ka/Ks and A + T content tended to fall together at a basal position on the trees. Using a site-heterogeneous mixture CAT + GTR model implemented in PhyloBayes yielded almost the same topology. Our results recovered the monophyly of Fulgoroidea. In this study, we apply the heterogeneous mixture model to the planthoppers' phylogenetic analysis for the first time. Our study is based on a large sample and provides a methodological reference for future phylogenetic studies of Fulgoroidea.

Nickeloan hydrozincite: a new variety

1979 ◽  
Vol 43 (327) ◽  
pp. 397-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Alwan ◽  
P. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Average Composition ◽  
New Variety ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Substantial Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryExtensive substitution of Ni for Zn in hydrozincite from the Parc Mine, North Wales, has been observed. This is the first time that a substantial concentration of another transition metal in this mineral has been reported. The average composition of the nickeloan hydrozincite is Zn4.63Ni0.37(CO3)2(OH)6. The relationship of this new variety to other secondary carbonate-containing nickel minerals is discussed, as is the possibility of substitution of other transition metal ions into the hydrozincite lattice.

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽  
J. S. Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

Electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
M. Rühle ◽  
J. Mayer ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
J. Bihr ◽  
W. Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Filter ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Fritz Haber ◽  
Koehler Illumination ◽  
First Time

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 956-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
R.E. Clausing ◽  
L. Heatherly ◽  
L.L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

A microscopic marker experiment study on high temperature oxidation of Ni-Al alloy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
Shou-kong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
First Time

Transmission and analytical electron microscopic studies of scale microstructures and microscopic marker experiments have been carried out in order to determine the transport mechanism in the oxidation of Ni-Al alloy. According to the classical theory, the oxidation of nickel takes place by transport of Ni cations across the scale forming new oxide at the scale/gas interface. Any markers deposited on the Ni surface are expected to remain at the scale/metal interface after oxidation. This investigation using TEM transverse section techniques and deposited microscopic markers shows a different result,which indicates that a considerable amount of oxygen was transported inward. This is the first time that such fine-scale markers have been coupled with high resolution characterization instruments such as TEM/STEM to provide detailed information about evolution of oxide scale microstructure.

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