scholarly journals Perhitungan Beban Emisi Gas Buang SO2 dari Kendaraan Bermotor di Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Bandung menggunakan Pemodelan Terbalik

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
KIRANA OKTAVIAN ◽  
DIDIN AGUSTIAN PERMADI ◽  
MILA DIRGAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Factor Data

AbstrakKota Bandung sebagai kota dengan aktivitas transportasi yang tinggi menghasilkan emisi pencemar di udara, salah satunya adalah Sulfur Dioksida (SO2). Data pengukuran kualitas udara roadside rata-rata pertahun oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bandung (DLH Kota Bandung) bahwa trend peningkatan konsentrasi SO2 dari tahun 2017-2018 sebesar 46%. Meninjau dari dampak yang disebabkan terhadap kesehatan manusia maupun lingkungan, maka diperlukan suatu upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara, salah satunya adalah inventarisasi emisi (IE). Pelaksanaan IE di Indonesia masih terdapat kekurangan dalam segi teknis maupun non teknis. Data faktor emisi yang digunakan dalam perhitungan beban emisi belum spesifik terhadap kondisi lalu lintas di Kota Bandung. Selain itu, metode IE secara umum memerlukan banyak pengambilan data. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah perhitungan beban emisi dari sektor transportasi dengan menggunakan metode pemodelan terbalik. Metode ini memberikan informasi nilai estimasi faktor emisi melalui hasil pengukuran udara. CALINE4 merupakan salah satu model kualitas udara yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk konsep pemodelan terbalik. Kata kunci: Sulfur Dioksida, Model Terbalik, CALINE4, Faktor Emisi, Beban Emisi AbstractBandung City is a growing cities with intensive transportation activities which are expected to emit air pollutants such as Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). Based on data from the average annual roadside air quality measurement by DLH Kota Bandung that the trend of increasing SO2 concentrations from 2017-2018 is 46%. The necessary for controlling air pollution in Bandung City is needed, one of which is inventory of emissions (IE). Implementation of IE in Indonesia is still lacking in various aspects. Emission factor data that were used in the calculation of emission loads is not specific to the traffic conditions in Bandung. In addition, the IE method generally requires a lot of data retrievall. The purpose of this study is to calculate the emission load of SO2 from the transportation sector by using the inverse modeling method. This method provides information on the estimated value of emission factors through the results of air measurements. CALINE4 air quality models was used for the purpose.  Keywords: Sulfur Dioxide, Inverse Modelling, CALINE4, Emission Factor, Emission Load

scholarly journals Fast oxidation of sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide in deliquesced aerosol particles

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1354-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengyu Liu ◽  
Simon L. Clegg ◽  
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol Particles ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Sulfate Formation

Atmospheric sulfate aerosols have important impacts on air quality, climate, and human and ecosystem health. However, current air-quality models generally underestimate the rate of conversion of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfate during severe haze pollution events, indicating that our understanding of sulfate formation chemistry is incomplete. This may arise because the air-quality models rely upon kinetics studies of SO2 oxidation conducted in dilute aqueous solutions, and not at the high solute strengths of atmospheric aerosol particles. Here, we utilize an aerosol flow reactor to perform direct investigation on the kinetics of aqueous oxidation of dissolved SO2 by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using pH-buffered, submicrometer, deliquesced aerosol particles at relative humidity of 73 to 90%. We find that the high solute strength of the aerosol particles significantly enhances the sulfate formation rate for the H2O2 oxidation pathway compared to the dilute solution. By taking these effects into account, our results indicate that the oxidation of SO2 by H2O2 in the liquid water present in atmospheric aerosol particles can contribute to the missing sulfate source during severe haze episodes.

scholarly journals One-year observations of size distribution characteristics of major aerosol constituents at a coastal receptor site in Hong Kong – Part 1: Inorganic ions and oxalate

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 9013-9027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Bian ◽  
X. H. H. Huang ◽  
J. Z. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Local Formation ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Fine Mode

Abstract. Size distribution data of major aerosol constituents are essential in source apportioning of visibility degradation, testing and verification of air quality models incorporating aerosols. We report here 1-year observations of mass size distributions of major inorganic ions (sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) and oxalate at a coastal suburban receptor site in Hong Kong, China. A total of 43 sets of size-segregated samples in the size range of 0.056–18 μm were collected from March 2011 to February 2012. The size distributions of sulfate, ammonium, potassium and oxalate were characterized by a dominant droplet mode with a mass mean aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) in the range of ~ 0.7–0.9 μm. Oxalate had a slightly larger MMAD than sulfate on days with temperatures above 22 °C as a result of the process of volatilization and repartitioning. Nitrate was mostly dominated by the coarse mode but enhanced presence in fine mode was detected on winter days with lower temperature and lower concentrations of sea salt and soil particles. This data set reveals an inversely proportional relationship between the fraction of nitrate in the fine mode and product of the sum of sodium and calcium in equivalent concentrations and the dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate (i.e., (1/([Na+] + 2[Ca2+]) × (1/Ke')) when Pn_fine is significant (> 10%). The seasonal variation observed for sea salt aerosol abundance, with lower values in summer and winter, is possibly linked with the lower marine salinities in these two seasons. Positive matrix factorization was applied to estimate the relative contributions of local formation and transport to the observed ambient sulfate level through the use of the combined data sets of size-segregated sulfate and select gaseous air pollutants. On average, the regional/super-regional transport of air pollutants was the dominant source at this receptor site, especially on high-sulfate days while local formation processes contributed approximately 30% of the total sulfate. This work provides field-measurement-based evidence important for understanding both local photochemistry and regional/super-regional transport in order to properly simulate sulfate aerosols in air quality models.

Air quality impact of diesel back-up generators (BUGs) in Nigeria’s mobile telecommunication base transceiver stations (BTS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran ◽  
Rafiu O. Yusuf ◽  
Michael O. Amole ◽  
Lukuman Adekilekun Jimoda ◽  
Jacob Ademola Sonibare
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate

Purpose The introduction of mobile telecommunication services in Nigeria led to the development of base transceiver stations (BTS) across the country. Inadequate power supply from the national grid has led to massive use of diesel-fueled back-up generators (BUGs). The purpose of this paper is to attempt to quantify and inform relevant stakeholders about air quality implications of BTS BUGs. Design/methodology/approach Seven major telecommunication network operators were identified. Emission factor approach was used to estimate the quantity of important air pollutants such as NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, PAH and TVOC that are emitted from the use of the BUGs based on fuel consumption rate and generators’ capacity. Fuel-based emission inventory and emission factor from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 and National Pollution Inventory were used to estimate pollutants emission from diesel-powered generators used in the BTS sites and amount of diesel consumed. Land distribution and per capita dose of the estimated pollutants load were calculated. Findings The study showed that the deployment of BUGs will lead to increase emissions of these air pollutants. The states that are most affected are Lagos, Kano and Oyo, Katsina and Akwa Ibom states with respective total air pollutants contribution of 9,539.61, 9,445.34, 8,276.46, 7,805.14 and 7,220.70 tonnes/yr. Originality/value This study has estimated pollutant emissions from the use of diesel-fueled BUGs in mobile telecommunications BTS sites in Nigeria. The data obtained could assist in policy making.

Assessment of The Effects of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) on Lichens Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
J. R. Swafford ◽  
T. J. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Lichen Flora

Lichens which are ubiquitous plants composed of a symbiont fungus and alga have been known for years to be sensitive bioindicators of air pollutants. Their presence has been used as an index of atmospheric purity. It is thought that sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the prime cause for the disappearance of lichens from urban areas (a lichen desert). Air quality can be monitored by observing the deterioration of lichen flora by their ability to absorb pollutants efficiently. Although certain pollutant-sensitive species do not readily demonstrate macroscopic changes in early stress situations, monitoring of photosynthetic capabilities and chlorophyll content have been used as a measure of subtle metabolic changes. Concomitant with a reduction in photosynthesis, an intracellular loss of potassium (K+) has been noted.

scholarly journals Measurement Report: A Multi-Year Study on the Impacts of Chinese New Year Celebrations on Air Quality in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Foreback ◽  
Lubna Dada ◽  
Kaspar Dällenbach ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Spectrometer Data

Abstract. We investigated the influence of the Chinese New Year (CNY) celebrations on local air quality in Beijing from 2013 through 2019, bringing together comprehensive observations at the newly-constructed Aerosol and Haze Laboratory at Beijing University of Chemical Technology – West Campus (BUCT-AHL) and data from Chinese government air quality measurement stations. In this study, these datasets are used together to provide a detailed analysis of air quality during the CNY over multiple years. Before CNY in 2018, the city of Beijing prohibited the use of fireworks and firecrackers in an effort to reduce air pollution. In 2018 air pollutant concentrations still showed a significant peak during the CNY night, even though not as strong as in previous years, but in 2019, the pollution levels were notably lower. During the studied 7-year study period, it appears that there has been a long-term decrease in CNY related emissions since 2016. Based on our analysis, the pollutants with the most notable spike during CNY were sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, including black carbon. Sulfuric acid concentration followed the sulfur dioxide concentration and showed elevated overnight concentration in CNY 2018, but not notably in 2019. Additionally, spectrometer data and analysis of aerosol particle number size distribution shows direct emissions of particles with diameters around 20 nm during CNY in 2018 and 2019. Meteorological conditions were comparable between the latest two years, indicating that air quality associated with the CNY may be improving, perhaps a positive effect of the restrictions. The longer observations in the future will provide confirmation for these trends.

scholarly journals An Integrated View of Homologous Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants in China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Lin ◽  
Ruqi Yang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Ning Zeng ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Abstract Background: Air pollution in China has raised great concerns due to its adverse effects on air quality, human health, and climate. Emissions of air pollutants (APs) are inherently linked with CO2 emissions through fossil-energy consumption. Knowledge of the characteristics of APs and CO2 emissions and their relationships is fundamentally important in the pursuit of co-benefits in addressing air quality and climate issues in China. However, the linkages and interactions between APs and CO2 in China are not well understood.Results: Here, we conducted an ensemble study of six bottom-up inventories to identify the underlying drivers of APs and CO2 emissions growth and to explore their linkages in China. The results showed that, during 1980-2015, the power and industry sectors contributed 61–79% to China’s overall emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2. In addition, the residential and industrial sectors were large emitters (77–85%) of PM10, PM2.5, CO, BC, and OC. The emissions of CH4, N2O and NH3 were dominated by the agriculture sector (46–82%), while the share of CH4 emissions in the energy sector increased since 2010. During 1980-2015, APs and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from residential sources generally decreased over time, while the transportation sector increased its impact on recent emissions, particularly for NOx and NMVOC. Since implementation of stringent pollution control measures and accompanying technological improvements in 2013, China has effectively limited pollution emissions (e.g., growth rates of –10% per year for PM and –20% for SO2) and slowed down the increasing trend of carbon emissions from the power and industrial sectors. We also found that areas with high emissions of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and SO2 also emitted large amounts of CO2, which demonstrates the possible common sources of APs and GHGs. Moreover, we found significant correlations between CO2 and APs (e.g., NOx, CO, SO2, and PM) emissions in the top 5% high-emitting grid cells, with more than 60% common/overlapped grid cells during 2010–2015. Conclusions: We found significant homology in spatial and temporal aspects for CO2, and NOx, CO, SO2, and PM emissions in China. We targeted sectorial and spatial APs and GHGs emission hot-spots, which help for management and policy-making of collaborative reductions of them. This comprehensive analysis over 6 datasets improves our understanding of APs and GHGs emissions in China during the period of rapid industrialization from 1980 to 2015. This study helps elucidate the linkages between APs and CO2 from an integrated perspective, and provides insights for future synergistic emissions reduction.

scholarly journals Assessment of the contribution of TEX air pollutants from Nigeria’s petroleum refineries to the ambient air quality: Part II

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1947007
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Leke Odekanle ◽  
Chinchong Blessing Bakut ◽  
Abiodun Paul Olalekan ◽  
Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun ◽  
Charity O. Aremu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Environmental Air Quality and Its Relationship with Seasonal Climatic Conditions in Eastern China during 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4524
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Shi ◽  
Chunhua Pan ◽  
Sisi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Environmental Air

Exploring the relationship between environmental air quality (EAQ) and climatic conditions on a large scale can help better understand the main distribution characteristics and the mechanisms of EAQ in China, which is significant for the implementation of policies of joint prevention and control of regional air pollution. In this study, we used the concentrations of six conventional air pollutants, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), and ozone (O3), derived from about 1300 monitoring sites in eastern China (EC) from January 2015 to December 2018. Exploiting the grading concentration limit (GB3095-2012) of various pollutants in China, we also calculated the monthly average air quality index (AQI) in EC. The results show that, generally, the EAQ has improved in all seasons in EC from 2015 to 2018. In particular, the concentrations of conventional air pollutants, such as CO, SO2, and NO2, have been decreasing year by year. However, the concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM2.5 and PM10, have changed little, and the O3 concentration increased from 2015 to 2018. Empirical mode decomposition (EOF) was used to analyze the major patterns of AQI in EC. The first mode (EOF1) was characterized by a uniform structure in AQI over EC. These phenomena are due to the precipitation variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), referred to as the “summer–winter” pattern. The second EOF mode (EOF2) showed that the AQI over EC is a north–south dipole pattern, which is bound by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River (about 35° N). The EOF2 is mainly caused by seasonal variations of the mixed concentration of PM2.5 and O3. Associated with EOF2, the Mongolia–Siberian High influences the AQI variation over northern EC by dominating the low-level winds (10 m and 850 hPa) in autumn and winter, and precipitation affects the AQI variation over southern EC in spring and summer.

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