scholarly journals Władysław Ząbek. Biografia (nie)codzienna reemigranta z Francji

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237-265
Author(s):  
Anna Kurpiel
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Group ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
The North ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

Władysław Ząbek was born and raised in France, in Pas-de-Calais department, as a child of Polish emigrants who had come to France looking for work. After the Second World War he returned to Wałbrzych in Poland together with his parents, where he still lives. Władysław Ząbek describes mostly his daily life in a mining town in the north of France, dominated by Polish immigrants, he speaks about a Polish school, friendly relationships and the lifestyle of Poles in France. A significant part of the account is dedicated to the years of war and Nazi occupation of France. The next stage of Władysław Ząbek’s life was his return to Poland, to post-war Lower Silesia, which at that time was a national and religious melting-pot. The account shows the difficult beginnings of life in the unknown homeland, issues of Wałbrzych’s reconstruction after the war, the housing situation but also about the habits of re-emigrants from France, who constituted a distinct group in the post-war Wałbrzych and the region. Another important fact in Ząbek’s account is the time of studies in Donieck in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic which he started following the advice of the headmaster of his secondary school. During his studies, Władysław participated in the Fifth World Festival of Youth and Students in Warsaw (1955) as a French interpreter. It was one of many significant events connected with his contact with France and the French language after his return to Poland proving that the childhood and teenage years spent in France had an impact on his life.

scholarly journals Architectural dominants of the city of Chisinau built in the first years after the Second World War

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Alina Ostapov ◽  
◽  
Irina Studzinski
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Given ◽  
Second World

The first years after the Second World War are characterized by the reconstruction of the cities of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR). The development of post-war architecture was dependent on political authorities. The regulations in the field led to special urban transformations. The Soviet urban image is a recognizable one, especially in the development of the main arteries, defined by spatial and volumetric greatness. Another impressive thing is the architecture of Stephen the Great boulevard, whose aesthetics promotes Soviet ideology. It had particular regulations regarding the alignment of the buildings, their height, their proportions, the aesthetics of the facades facing the boulevard, the relationship with the neighboring buildings and others, forming a coherent configuration. The established rules ordered the street front; the buildings often formed “parade courts”, increasing the visibility of the massive facades, called “parade facades”, which became recognizable by decorative exuberance. This article aims at observing the development of the constructions on a certain segment of the main artery of the capital of MSSR - one of the priority preoccupations of the authorities in the given period.

scholarly journals The Women’s Question among the Masons of Russian Paris

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 314-332
Author(s):  
Michela Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The North ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article is a introduction to the publication of the minutes of the meetings of the Russian lodge "Northern Star" in Paris, concerning the discussion on the admission of women to freemasonry. The proposed archival materials, deposited in the National Library of France in Paris, date back to 1945 and 1948. The women's issue became more relevant after the Second World War due to the fact that Masonic lodges had to recover and recruit new adherents. The article offers a brief overview of the women's issue in the history of Freemasonry in general, and in the Russian emigrant environment in particular. One of the founders of the North Star lodge, M. Osorgin, spoke out in the 1930s against the admission of women. In the discussions of the 1940s, the Masonic brothers repeat his opinion almost literally. Women's participation in Freemasonry is rejected using either gender or social arguments. Russian Freemasons mostly cite gender reasons: women have no place in Freemasonry because they are not men. Freemasonry, according to Osorgin, is a cult of the male creative principle, which is not peculiar to women. Discussions about the women's issue among Russian emigrant Freemasons are also an important source for studying their literary work; in particular, the post-war literary works of Gaito Gazdanov are closely connected with the Masonic ideology.

From Crime to Cultural Heritage

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ruotsala
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Better Than

This article concentrates on one particular local cross-border activity carried on after the Second World War. This was a type of smuggling called joppaus in the local dialect, a practice which was enabled by the post-war economic recession and the scarcity of goods from which Finland suffered. This form of unauthorised economy is said to have been responsible for the rapid revival of the region and its inhabitants after the destruction inflicted by the war. The standard of living in the Tornio River Valley has been better than in the north of Finland in general, and this has been explained in part by this type of smuggling. Furthermore, in the last few decades joppaus has become part of the local cultural heritage.

scholarly journals The Role of Ethnographers in the Invention of Socialist Traditions in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Ilze Boldāne-Zeļenkova
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Second World

Abstract This study, based on archive document research and analysis of publications by Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) ethnographers, discusses the process of invention and implementation of Socialist traditions and the role of scientists in this. The introduction of Soviet traditions in Latvia did not begin immediately after the Second World War when the communist occupation regime was restored. The occupation regime in the framework of an anti-religious campaign turned to the transformation of traditions that affect individual’s private sphere and relate to church rituals – baptism, confirmation, weddings, funerals, Latvian cemetery festivities – in the second half of 1950s, along with the implementation of revolutionary and labour traditions. In order to achieve the goals set by the Communist Party, a new structure of institutions was formed and specialists from many fields were involved, including ethnographers from the Institute of History at the LSSR Academy of Sciences (hereinafter – LSSR AS). Ethnographers offered recommendations, as well as observed and analysed the process, discussing it in meetings of official commissions and sharing the conclusions in scientific publications, presentations, etc.

scholarly journals THE ANGLO-AMERICAN COALITIONAL INTERACTION IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR AS ONE OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC UNION FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
R.R. Marchenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

This article highlights the main milestones of Anglo-American coalition cooperation during the Second World War. The military-political aspect of cooperation is touched upon. An approach to the fusion of military mechanisms through the development of the idea of the qualitative use of the forces and means of the allies in compliance with the principle of unity of command is considered. It is concluded that certain fruits of cooperation between the Western allies, primarily within the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, are taken into account in the post-war world. In addition, this article focuses on the position of the United Kingdom in terms of building a post-war security system.

scholarly journals Church and world after the Second Vatican Council

2013 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Petro Yarotskiy
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Second World

Cathedrals of the Catholic Church, as a rule, are gathering at the turning points of the development of the world and the life of the Church. II Vatican Council took place after the curves of the second drama of humanity in the Second World War, in the conditions of the post-war split of the world, first of all in Europe, in two opposing camps and the establishment of totalitarian regimes in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, the collapse of the colonial system and the appearance on the political map of the world (first of all in Africa and Asia) of young independent countries. At the same time, the world was once again faced with the threat of a new, already thermonuclear war, which, like the Damocles sword, hangs over humanity. The problems of the post-war world development in the conditions of the growing scientific and technological revolution, the launch of the space era, as well as the uneven economic and social development of the world in the coordinates of the North-South, arose.

scholarly journals Features of Implication of Memory Policy in Norway and Denmark

2017 ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Dmytro Lakishyk
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Main Function ◽  
World War ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The consolidation potential of memory policy in Norway and Denmark is analyzed. During the study, the distinctive features of the implementation of the memory policy of Norway and Denmark have been revealed. As in most European countries, the policy of the memory of the Scandinavian countries is reflected at the state level after the events of the Second World War. But the process of reconciliation with the past in Norway and Denmark in the 1970’s began to differ from a similar Western-European one. The north of the European continent was permeated with radical challenges to post-war historiography, which traditionally continued to represent a rather unified version of the interpretation of the events of the Second World War. Intensification of the study of memory dates back to the beginning of the twenty-first century. This process was especially noticeable in Denmark, where a large number of books on “dark spots” of the history of war were published, while in Norway, the number of publications was much smaller. Museums and exhibitions, which play an important role in representing the views of the Second Messenger War, are an important element in shaping memory policy. The main function of museums in Norway and Denmark was the restoration of national identity after the traumatic experience of war, which they still carry. Also, the integral parts of implementing the policy of memory in Scandinavian countries are measures devoted to the end of the war. In Norway and Denmark, as in other countries of the world, “memory days” are the cornerstone of memory policy. They are an important element for strengthening group identities and are a central component of collective memory.

scholarly journals Belarusians on the service of UNR: Oleksandr Maksymovych Zhykhovych (1900-1973). Post scriptum: November’s interrogation in 1953 and the last years of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Serhii Knyrevych ◽  
Olha Zubko
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
State Security ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This article contains the material about one of the eleven Belarusian soldiers of the UNR Army, the student of the Ukrainian Economic Academy in Podebrady (CHSR). After surviving the Second World War in Czechoslovakia, Oleksandr Zhykhovych, in 1953 was summoned for questioning by the Czechoslovak-Soviet Committee of State Security, due to his ties to the Ukrainian political emigration of the interwar years. Among the questions, which were interested to the KDB agents, were: the emigration political organizations at the Academy of Economics and their anti-Soviet activities during 1921-1939; employment of Zhykhovych in Khustov Bank and his contacts with the bank employees; the presence of Belarusian political organizations in the environment of the Ukrainian emigration students of the CHSR; personal Zhykhovych’s contribution (as the chief accountant) in the activities of Transcarpathian publishing houses «UNIO» and «Proboiem». This last question was interested to the KDB agents, mostly, since, in the 1950s a brutal war continued between the Soviets and the Ukrainian nationalists. We must note that the first victim of the Soviet-nationalist confrontation personally for Oleksandr Maksymovych Zhykhovych was the arrest (on the eve of his interrogation) of his stepson – Zdenek Nekhanitskyi (10.08.1928). In 1953, he was the head’s assistant of the power plant station named after May 1 in Trshebonitsi (district of Ostrava), a member of the Communist Party of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic of 1945. It was Zdenek Nekhanitskyi, who suffered a forced arrest, the interrogation of his stepfather and investigation, and handed over to Serhii Knyrevych the interrogation protocol. And today, despite a respectable age, Zdenek Nekhanitskyi is trying to find the most precise answer to the question: how did it happen and why his stepfather, an ethnic Belarusian, spent almost his entire life in the Ukrainian political emigration, both interwar and post-war, and left a remarkable footprint there? Keywords: Oleksandr Maksymovych Zhykhovych, Ukrainian People’s Republic, intermilitary emigration, Second World War, publishing houses «UNIO» and «Proboiem», postwar years, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic

Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.

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