scholarly journals Feasibility study on formation of fresh water reservoir and impounding the surface runoff for urban water survival in a coastal brackish water region of Kollam, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Sitharam ◽  
Sreevalsa Kolathayar ◽  
Manoj Samuel ◽  
R Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Region ◽  
Water Survival

scholarly journals Content of inorganic solutes in lettuce grown with brackish water in different hydroponic systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Fabio T. O. de Freitas ◽  
Paula C. Viana ◽  
Maria R. S. Rafael ◽  
André D. de Azevedo Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of ions in lettuce grown in different hydroponic systems and recirculation frequencies. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. The evaluated hydroponic systems were Nutrient Flow Technique (NFT) and an adapted Deep Flow Technique (DFT), the latter with recirculation frequencies of 0.25, 2 and 4 h. Both systems used fresh water and brackish water. Plant growth, accumulation of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, Cl- and NO3-) and the correlation between dry matter production and Na+/K+ and Cl-/NO3- were evaluated. The salinity of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution caused decrease in growth and K+ and NO3- levels, and increased contents of Na+ and Cl- in the plants. When using fresh water the highest dry matter production was obtained in the NFT system. In case of brackish water the adapted DFT system increased the production, in relation to NFT system (at same recirculation frequency: 0.25 h). It was found that the choice of the type of hydroponic system and recirculation interval for the cultivation of lettuce depends on the quality of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Innovative approach for achieving of sustainable urban water supply system by using of solar photovoltaic energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Margeta ◽  
Bojan Đurin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Pump Station

Paper describes and analyses new and innovative concept for possible integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy in urban water supply system (UWSS). Proposed system consists of PV generator and invertor, pump station and water reservoir. System is sized in such a manner that every his part is sized separately and after this integrated into a whole. This integration is desirable for several reasons, where the most important is the achievement of the objectives of sustainable living in urban areas i.e. achieving of sustainable urban water supply system. The biggest technological challenge associated with the use of solar, wind and other intermittent renewable energy sources RES is the realization of economically and environmentally friendly electric energy storage (EES). The paper elaborates the use of water reservoires in UWSS as EES. The proposed solution is still more expensive than the traditional and is economically acceptable today in the cases of isolated urban water system and special situations. Wider application will depend on the future trends of energy prices, construction costs of PV generators and needs for CO2 reduction by urban water infrastructure.

XII.—The Brackish-water Lochs of North Uist

1937 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water

About the year 1695 Martin Martin visited the Hebrides, and of the Island of North Uist he writes, “There is such a number of fresh water lakes here as can hardly be believed. … They are generally well stocked with trout and eels and some of them with salmon, and, which is yet more strange, cod, ling, mackerel, etc., are taken in these lakes into which they are brought by the spring tides.” This old reference suggested that the brackish-water fauna of the Hebrides might be of considerable interest and extent. Consequently I spent part of the summers of 1933 and 1935 in North Uist in order to study the fauna of the lochs and the conditions under which the animals were living.

Application of geothermal energy for heating and fresh water production in a brackish water greenhouse desalination unit: A case study from Algeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacene Mahmoudi ◽  
Nawel Spahis ◽  
Mattheus F. Goosen ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour ◽  
Nadjib Drouiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Water Production

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study on the Use of an Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) for the Harvesting of Fresh Water in a Semi-Arid Region Affected by Mining Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3278
Author(s):  
Julio Mendoza-Escamilla ◽  
Francisco Hernandez-Rangel ◽  
Pedro Cruz-Alcántar ◽  
María Saavedra-Leos ◽  
Josefa Morales-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Atmospheric Water

Worldwide, the shortage of fresh water has increased exponentially due to population growth and contamination of available water, especially in water tables that provide water for general consumption. One of the main pollutants of water is arsenic (As), present in the environment and in most mining/metallurgical processes, which is a major health risk, especially as a carcinogen. In the region of Matehuala, San Luis Potosi (SLP), Mexico, a highly productive mining area, arsenic concentrations of 138.1 mg/kg have been found in soils—6.2 times higher than what is allowed in domestic soils, while in water it is reported up to 158 mg/L, exceeding permissible limits for human consumption. In addition to As pollution, the region suffers from water shortage both in the city and in rural communities. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new technologies to provide the population with fresh water. This paper presents a feasibility study on the use of an atmospheric water generator (AWG) to capture fresh water in the region of Matehuala, SLP. The region was found to have the necessary environmental conditions to use AWGs, with an annual average relative humidity (RH) of approximately 60%. Using a mathematical model of a dehumidifier, water harvesting can be evaluated under the region’s prevailing climatic conditions. The month with lowest harvest was found to be January, with 0.89 to 3.6 L/day, while the month with largest harvest was August at 3.9 to 18 L/day and water production costs of 0.0093 and $ 0.038 USD/L, respectively. The study concludes that the use of AWGs would help alleviate water shortages, thus benefiting marginalized people or communities, preserving ecosystems and the environment.

scholarly journals Response of Water-Salt Migration to Brackish Water Irrigation with Different Irrigation Intervals and Sequences

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Desalination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Establishing methods for scientific and rational use of brackish water resources is the key to farmland irrigation in the Yellow River Delta region of China. In this study, we conducted laboratory simulation experiments with soil columns and monitored the changes in water infiltration and salt distribution under eight irrigation treatments, including four intervals (0, 30, 60, and 90 min between irrigations) and two sequences (brackish-brackish-fresh water and brackish-fresh-brackish water). The results showed that the duration of water infiltration into the soil was higher under intermittent irrigation than continuous irrigation, with the highest value recorded at the 90-min irrigation interval. There was no significant difference in the mean soil water content between the brackish-brackish-fresh water (28.01–29.71%) and brackish-fresh-brackish water (28.85–29.98%) irrigation treatments. However, the mean soil desalination rate of the brackish-brackish-fresh irrigation treatment (42.51–46.83%) was higher than that of the brackish-fresh-brackish irrigation treatment (39.48–46.47%), and a much higher soil desalination rate was observed at the 90-min irrigation interval, compared with the other intervals. In conclusion, brackish-brackish-fresh water irrigation at longer time intervals (e.g., 90 min between irrigations) is conducive to reduce soil salt content in the surface soil in the study region.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Gammarus Species in Estuaries. Part I

1947 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
The Status ◽  
Brackish Water Species ◽  
Water Species

The work of which an account is here given was largely carried out from the autumn of 1937 to the spring of 1940, when it was interrupted by the war. In taking it up again (in July 1945) while, facilities for field work are still limited, the author feels it useful to publish results as they stand and indicate where further work is considered advisable.In examinations of the free-swimming bottom fauna of the Tamar and other estuaries, attention was inevitably drawn to the populations of Gammarus species, which make up the greater bulk of it. Before quantitative observations were planned, some interesting points came to light with regard to the qualitative composition of populations. This aspect lent itself more readily to study and, though byno means a new field for exploration, soon proved worth examining ingreater detail than previous workers had attempted.The broad fact of a replacement of one Gammarus species by another in passing up an estuary was well enough known, though exact knowledge for the British Isles only starts from the time when G. zaddachi Sexton was recognized as a regular member of the upper estuarine fauna of the Tay (Bassindale, 1933; Alexander, Southgate & Bassindale, 1935) and of the Deben (Serventy, 1935). This species proved to be the main brackish-water species overlapping with the marine G. locusta (L.) near the seaward end, and with the fresh-water G. pulex (L.) at the river end (or ‘head’) of the estuary. The status in estuaries of two other brackish-water species, G. duebeni Lillj. and G. chevreuxi Sexton, remained obscure.

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