scholarly journals Distributed Management as a Solution of the “Goal-Tool” Principle of Economic Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
O. S. Sukharev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Management ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Controllable Systems

The study subject is the process of substantiation and implementation of measures of the state economic policy aimed at achieving the established priority goals of economic development from the standpoint of the “goal-tool” principle and its possible expansion. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the doctrine of so-called distributed management, which expands the use of the principle of “goal-tool” in relation to the developed and implemented economic policy, as well as to identify the main advantages, disadvantages, opportunities for its use for the public administration methods development. The content of the named doctrine comes down to identifying the structure of tools that affect the management object with a different and changing force, according to which the introduction of these tools is planned. The methodological basis was formed by the theory of management of large-scale systems, the economic policy of Tinbergen, the method of comparative analysis, and the formalization of the management process. The result boils down to identifying a significant advantage of distributed management for the formation of economic policy, since it allows to identify their correlation with the development factors, including an assessment of the strength of the applied instruments. This expands on the classic “goal-tool” principle of economic policy. Distributed management allows you to give a qualitative assessment of the institutional coordination of economic activities by the government. The use of distributed control will be most appropriate when deploying indicative planning procedures and constituting the content of the project management method, which involves the selection of a set of tools from alternative options. In the future, distributed management makes it possible to identify errors in copying managerial and organizational experience in terms of the applied development institutions, borrowed technologies, and the use of project management. A quantitative assessment of the strength of tools and its sensitivity of various goals, the application of this assessment to specific controllable systems of different levels of complexity constitutes the prospect of this theoretical study.

scholarly journals Elinor Ostrom: proving the effectiveness of collective action in management (the Noble Prize in Economics in 2009 “for research in the field of economic organization”)

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Oksana Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
The Government

The article substantiates Elinor Ostrom’s contribution to the theory of collective management of property. The author outlines solutions to problems of the most optimal use of scarce natural resources and their economically relevant preservation in a long-term perspective. The research paper affirms the idea that it is not only the government who can solve the problem of efficient use of resources for public purposes. It is proved that collective decisions can be made in the management of resources, under which the latter are maintained in good conditions while being used for general public. The most accepted models (‘the tragedy of the commons’, ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’, ‘the logic of collective action’) are examined. The above- mentioned models are frequently used as tools to study cases of economic policy-making in allocating scarce resources for public purposes, and as a concept for analyzing problems of individuals who seek to achieve collective benefits. It is emphasized that there is a need for a balanced application of the above models as metaphors, which substitute solid foundations of the economic policy, since the limitations suggested for easing the analysis are accepted without reservation as permanent empirical requirements that remain as such until adjustments are made by the government. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of developing the theory of human organization based on realistic assessments of human possibilities and limitations that arise when a number of various situations related to using public goods are to be resolved. It is stressed that the empirically supported theories of human organization as an important component of study on economic policy are able to complement the solutions with estimates of the most likely effect of using many ways of organizing human activities. It is concluded that E. Ostrom’s experimental research in the field of natural resources management can be used to solve large-scale range of issues related to the production of public goods.

scholarly journals Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
Elya Kurniawati ◽  
Immamul Huda Al Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transaction Pattern

Objective - This study aims to find out (1) how the e-commerce utilization model before and during the pandemic, (2) the influence of the level of education on the tendency to use e-commerce (3) the marketing media used before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, and ( 4) the average income of MSME actors before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is an explanative quantitative method, using a questionnaire, examining theories and policies related to Covid-19 and the application of e-commerce. Methodology/Technique – This study used a sample of 75 MSME actors and found that there was a significant increase in the use of e-commerce by Indonesian MSME actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of online media in economic activities during the pandemic increased from 21.33% to 54.67%. Meanwhile, the education level of the MSME actors did not influence the decision to change the transaction pattern from offline to online with r score of 0.132. Finding – This means that this pandemic has changed the way of transactions in economic activity to its roots no matter how high the education level of the MSME actors is. The income of MSME actors has actually dropped dramatically during the pandemic, especially the period when the government implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: L81, O32. Keywords: COVID-19, E-Commerce, Social Distancing, MSME Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kurniawati, E; Siddiq, I.H.A. (2020). Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 8(4): 267 – 277. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.4(8)

scholarly journals Discriminative Economic Policy of the Russian Government Towards the Catholic Nobility of Belarus (Second Half of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Anatolij Zhitko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

Introduction. The upper class of Belarus within the Russian Empire attracted the attention of researchers. However, the restrictive economic policy of the Russian government towards the nobility of the Roman Catholic faith has not been the subject of special study. The aim of the article is to identify the main aspects of the discriminative policy of the autocracy against the Catholic nobility of Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Methodology. The study is based on the fundamental principles of historical knowledge – historicism, objectivity, value-based approach, and traditional general scientific and concrete historical methods were used to implement the research tasks. Results. In 1858 in the Belarusian provinces the hereditary nobility made up one third of the upper class of the European part of Russia. The implementation of the “parsing the shliahta” policy led to a sharp reduction in the Catholic nobility by 1865. The government sought to economically undermine the economic activities of the Catholic nobility and equalize Russian and Catholic land ownership in the Belarusian region. This was reflected in the preferential sale of sequestered and confiscated estates, the prohibition of land purchases by Catholics, all kinds of fines and especially through contribution fee and a tax to support the Orthodox clergy. Conclusion. The government’s discriminative policy towards Catholic nobility was aimed at curbing the economic activity of “the Poles” in Belarus. The main elements of its implementation were the sequestration and confiscation of the estates of Catholics who directly or indirectly participated in the uprising of 1863–1864, various fines, the prohibition of the purchase of land holdings, contribution fee, taxes on maintaining the Orthodox Church, etc. At the same time, this policy did not lead to the expected results. At the beginning of the 20th century the Catholic nobility outnumbered the Russian nobility in land ownership.

scholarly journals Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Elya Kurniawati ◽  
Immamul Huda Al Sidiq
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transaction Pattern

The Covid-19 virus pandemic has devastated all aspects of life, especially the economy. The responsibility to wear masks and physical distance has logical consequences in people's economic life. This causes the use of E-Commerce in economic activities to be a necessity. For this reason, this study aims to find out (1) how the e-commerce utilization model before and during the pandemic, (2) the influence of the level of education on the tendency to use e-commerce (3) the marketing media used before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, and ( 4) the average income of MSME actors before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is an explanative quantitative method, using a questionnaire, examining theories and policies related to Covid-19 and the application of e-commerce. This study used a sample of 75 MSME actors and found that there was a significant increase in the use of e-commerce by Indonesian MSME actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of online media in economic activities during the pandemic increased from 21.33% to 54.67%. Meanwhile, the education level of the MSME actors did not influence the decision to change the transaction pattern from offline to online with r score of 0.132. This means that this pandemic has changed the way of transactions in economic activity to its roots no matter how high the education level of the MSME actors is. The income of MSME actors has actually dropped dramatically during the pandemic, especially the period when the government implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. Keywords: COVID-19, E-Commerce, Social Distancing, UMKM

scholarly journals GLOBAL LARGE-SCALE LAND INVESTMENT IN AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Idowu KAREEM
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Investment Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Large Scale Land

The attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Africa will depend in part on its endowment, productivity and management of the land resource. Thus, due to the multipurpose usage of the land, there is more interest in its acquisition and usage, which often lead to competition among investors. More so, the intensive use of land for economic activities often impacts on the environment. This has implication for the target countries’ sustainable development. It is on this basis that this study investigates the effects of large-scale land investments on the environment. The study adopts the sample selection model to find that at the decision to invest, there is the tendency the environment gets more deplorable while the foreign investors sustainably use the land and this is not the case for domestic investors. At the actual large-scale land investment level, the foreign large-scale land investment has adverse effects on the environment, but they maintain sustainable use of land, while the domestic large-scale investment negatively impacts on both the environment and the sustainable land use. Climate change impeded the availability of large-scale land. Thus, although the large-scale land investments could mitigate the challenges of national food insecurity, there should be intense efforts by the government to continuously monitor and regulate the activities of these investors to conform with global environmental best practices.

Competitiveness and Innovativeness of Russian Industrial Enterprises (on the Results of a Large-scale Survey of Enterprises)

2005 ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gurkov ◽  
E. Avraamova ◽  
V. Tubalov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Government

Based on the data from a large-scale survey of enterprises a typology of companies strategic positioning has been built and the factors that affect sustainability of the strategic position have been determined. We have found that the superior strategic position (measured as a positive relationship between quality and unit costs of a firm) is based on intensive innovations and active transformation of the business environment of the firm. However, companies of all selected strategic types viewed the government economic policy as the factor that impedes their own development. The suggestions for improving the government industrial policy are formulated.

scholarly journals La contabilidad electrónica fiscal, restrictiva o impulsora del comercio de las PYMES en México.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ruperto Cervantes Rosales ◽  
Fabián Ríos Martínez ◽  
José de Jesús Medina Corona ◽  
Rodolfo Apango Azcárraga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
New Creation ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The Government

 RESUMEN En México, la política económica delimita las formas en que las empresas deben llevar el desarrollo económico del país, esto es, cuáles son las opciones de desarrollo en diversos ámbitos en los cuales deben orientar sus recursos para tener oportunidades de crecimiento económico, generación de empleos, acceso a créditos, expansión de mercados etc. En contraparte, el gobierno fiscaliza a las empresas para determinar las aportaciones tributarias con base en las actividades económicas que generan una ganancia, estableciendo una serie de reglas y procedimientos para cumplir con dichas obligaciones fiscales en cada uno de los sectores económicos del país. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los diferentes requerimientos que establece la autoridad en relación a la contabilidad electrónica, considerando diferentes ámbitos de percepción para aquellas empresas PyMEs que quieran iniciar operaciones en México. Como lo refiere Hernández, R. en su obra Metodología de la Investigación (Hernández, 2010), es analítica, ya que muestra la relación entre las distintas variables que se estudian para proponer una perspectiva sobre el concepto restrictivo derivado de las obligaciones fiscales a empresas de nueva creación. Las técnicas de investigación fueron documental, legislativa en base a los lineamientos y normas publicados por el gobierno federal y hemerográfica en aquellas publicaciones previas que documentan información acerca del proceso evolutivo de la política económica en México. Como resultado será el comparativo, entre el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias con respecto a la inversión necesaria para cumplirlas. Las limitaciones serán la determinación del costo para cumplir dichas obligaciones tributarias que varía entre empresas y los sectores que las integran, y la falta de programas y lineamientos aún no establecidos por el gobierno federal para aquellas que no están contempladas, para finalmente verter una opinión basada en las evidencias aportadas que reflejan un sentido en la vida económica de México. ABSTRACT In Mexico, economic policy delimits the ways in which companies must carry out the economic development of the country, that is, what are the development options in various fields in which they must direct their resources to have opportunities for economic growth, job creation, access to credits, market expansion etc. On the other hand, the government supervises companies to determine tax contributions based on economic activities that generate a profit, establishing a series of rules and procedures to comply with said tax obligations in each of the country's economic sectors. The objective of this work is to determine the different requirements established by the authority in relation to electronic accounting, considering different areas of perception for those SME companies that want to start operations in Mexico. As Hernández, R. refers in his work Research Methodology (Hernández, 2010), it is analytical, since it shows the relationship between the different variables that are studied to propose a perspective on the restrictive concept derived from corporate tax obligations of new creation. The research techniques were documentary, legislative based on the guidelines and norms published by the federal government and hemerográfica in those previous publications that document information about the evolutionary process of economic policy in Mexico.As a result, it will be the comparison between the fulfillment of the tax obligations with respect to the investment necessary to fulfill them. The limitations will be the determination of the cost to meet said tax obligations that varies between companies and the sectors that comprise them, and the lack of programs and guidelines not yet established by the federal government for those that are not contemplated, to finally pour an opinion based in the evidence provided that reflects a sense in the economic life of Mexico.KEYWORDS: SMEs; Electronic accounting; Economic growth; Tax supervision. 

scholarly journals Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pembuatan WA Group Bisnis dalam Meningkatkan Pemasaran Ibu-Ibu di Perumahan Puri Depok Mas, Depok

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Laras Cempaka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Cluster Area ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Government

Economic activities in society during this pandemic need to be increased. Among them is by moving the economy from small community groups in residential areas. There is a huge opportunity for economic activity in today's residential areas, especially after the government adopted the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restriction) policy, which in the end, many community activities were transferred to their respective areas of residence. This is an opportunity for the surrounding community to build their economic passion. One of the strategies is to create a forum in order to improve marketing, increase capabilities through knowledge sharing sessions and rotate the economy between people. The activities carried out in this service area by creating a business community in the WhatsApp group (WAG) platform and managing the business activities in it. There are approximately 226 residents of the Puri Depok Mas (Depok) cluster area who are members of this community. PDM Market Partners, which are business communities in the cluster area, have been established since the pandemic, with members as members of sellers and buyers. Sellers are dominated by new businesses, some of which were established during the pandemic. With the existence of a business community through this WAG, it can accommodate all the needs of the seller with regard to the scope of his business and to the buyer for the goods he needs.

scholarly journals Prospects of Ecotourism Development in Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Iqbal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Shyju P J
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Srinagar City

Tourism is considered as an important industry in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in general and the Valley of Kashmir in particular. Though the State’s economy is largely depended on agriculture and horticulture, tourism is still considered as the backbone of the economy as it generates large scale employment opportunities. The industry has generated large number of jobs; particularly it has benefitted the younger generation. Boosting the economic activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the state, tourism has continued to play a vital role in the economy of the state.  The Valley of Kashmir witnesses a huge rush of tourists especially during peak seasons and every corner of  Srinagar city is filled with high movement of tourists. The movement of tourists has largely been restricted to Golden Triangle of Kashmir i.e. Srinagar, Phalgam and Gulmarg. The Government has started earmarking other virgin destinations of Kashmir and established authorities for the development of the same, but on the ground level the scene is quite different. It is imperative to assess the carrying capacity of tourist attractions especially new and emerging destinations, in order to minimize the negative impacts of tourism. Keeping in view these considerations, the present work is an attempt to highlight the tourism potential of unexplored areas in Ganderbal District, which have immense potential for ecotourism development.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document