scholarly journals Elinor Ostrom: proving the effectiveness of collective action in management (the Noble Prize in Economics in 2009 “for research in the field of economic organization”)

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Oksana Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
The Government

The article substantiates Elinor Ostrom’s contribution to the theory of collective management of property. The author outlines solutions to problems of the most optimal use of scarce natural resources and their economically relevant preservation in a long-term perspective. The research paper affirms the idea that it is not only the government who can solve the problem of efficient use of resources for public purposes. It is proved that collective decisions can be made in the management of resources, under which the latter are maintained in good conditions while being used for general public. The most accepted models (‘the tragedy of the commons’, ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’, ‘the logic of collective action’) are examined. The above- mentioned models are frequently used as tools to study cases of economic policy-making in allocating scarce resources for public purposes, and as a concept for analyzing problems of individuals who seek to achieve collective benefits. It is emphasized that there is a need for a balanced application of the above models as metaphors, which substitute solid foundations of the economic policy, since the limitations suggested for easing the analysis are accepted without reservation as permanent empirical requirements that remain as such until adjustments are made by the government. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of developing the theory of human organization based on realistic assessments of human possibilities and limitations that arise when a number of various situations related to using public goods are to be resolved. It is stressed that the empirically supported theories of human organization as an important component of study on economic policy are able to complement the solutions with estimates of the most likely effect of using many ways of organizing human activities. It is concluded that E. Ostrom’s experimental research in the field of natural resources management can be used to solve large-scale range of issues related to the production of public goods.

Cloud-Based IoT Architecture in Green Buildings

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Singh ◽  
Utsha Sinha ◽  
Deepak Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Cloud Architecture ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Future Challenges

The development and expansion of mankind in addition to the advancement of technology have a substantial impact on the environment. The construction, design, and operation of buildings account for a large consumption of natural resources. Due to the exploitation of natural resources on a large scale through these buildings, it has become necessary to have a better-designed building for the efficient use of resources. The concept of “green building” solves the aforementioned issues apart from promoting eco-friendly activities. IoT makes the idea of having buildings that are energy sufficient possible through networked sensors that not only help in managing the assets better but also reducing harmful impacts on human health and the environment. This chapter talks about the concept of the green building and the smart automation achieved through IoT as well as cloud architecture for the green building also referred to as green cloud. While it explains the basic cloud architecture in green building, it also proposes future challenges for the aforementioned subject.

Regulation of Natural Resources Located in Indigenous Communities Territory under the Principles of Consultation and Free, Prior-Informed Consent: Perspectives in Selected Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-520
Author(s):  
John S. Ombella
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Prior Informed Consent ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Contractual Agreements

Natural resources have long been said to be under the sovereign ownership of the states in whose borders they are found. Sovereignty grants such a state not only the ownership but also the power to regulate their access and use. States’ inability to convert the resources into tangible socio-economic development has witnessed massive contractual agreements with multinational companies to harness the same. Multinational companies and state contractual arrangements seem to have ignored other potential stakeholders like communities dependent on natural resources for their survival. Consequently, communities such as those of indigenous peoples who depend on available natural resources like rivers, lakes, forests and other ecological resources are victimised in the state-multinational contractual arrangements and implementation. Internationally, principles such as consultation and free and prior-informed consent seem to regulate access and use of resources located in indigenous communities. This article shows how such principles guarantee the indigenous communities their existence in cases of large-scale development in their territory.

Competitiveness and Innovativeness of Russian Industrial Enterprises (on the Results of a Large-scale Survey of Enterprises)

2005 ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gurkov ◽  
E. Avraamova ◽  
V. Tubalov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Government

Based on the data from a large-scale survey of enterprises a typology of companies strategic positioning has been built and the factors that affect sustainability of the strategic position have been determined. We have found that the superior strategic position (measured as a positive relationship between quality and unit costs of a firm) is based on intensive innovations and active transformation of the business environment of the firm. However, companies of all selected strategic types viewed the government economic policy as the factor that impedes their own development. The suggestions for improving the government industrial policy are formulated.

scholarly journals Transparency, Protest, and Autocratic Instability

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES R. HOLLYER ◽  
B. PETER ROSENDORFF ◽  
JAMES RAYMOND VREELAND
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Belief Formation ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mass Protest

The collapse of autocratic regimes is often brought about through large-scale mobilization and collective action by elements of the populace. The willingness of any given member of the public to participate in actions such as strikes and protests is contingent upon her beliefs about others’ willingness to similarly mobilize. In this article, we examine the effect of a specific form of transparency—the disclosure of economic data by the government—on citizen belief formation, and consequently on collective mobilization. We present a theoretical model in which, under autocratic rule, transparency increases the frequency of protests, and increases the extent to which protest is correlated with incumbent performance. We find empirical support for these claims. Transparency destabilizes autocracies via mass protest.

scholarly journals Implementation of criminal law enforcement concept of environmental sustainability (illegal logging in Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
I Rosyadi ◽  
M R Habibi ◽  
N Syam
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract Everyone in Indonesia has the right to a good and healthy environment as a form of human rights. Every generation has obligations and responsibilities in preserving the background to ensure the welfare and quality of life between ages. Sustainable development is an effort to guarantee these rights by managing natural resources wisely and rationally and simultaneously considering economic, social, and environmental aspects. Currently, humans tend to be greedy for existing natural resources to get the maximum benefit. Illegal logging is an activity to place forest resources on a large scale without paying attention to the needs of future generations. Efforts made by the government to enforce sanctions against perpetrators of illegal logging activities are the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction.

scholarly journals Distributed Management as a Solution of the “Goal-Tool” Principle of Economic Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
O. S. Sukharev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Management ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Controllable Systems

The study subject is the process of substantiation and implementation of measures of the state economic policy aimed at achieving the established priority goals of economic development from the standpoint of the “goal-tool” principle and its possible expansion. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the doctrine of so-called distributed management, which expands the use of the principle of “goal-tool” in relation to the developed and implemented economic policy, as well as to identify the main advantages, disadvantages, opportunities for its use for the public administration methods development. The content of the named doctrine comes down to identifying the structure of tools that affect the management object with a different and changing force, according to which the introduction of these tools is planned. The methodological basis was formed by the theory of management of large-scale systems, the economic policy of Tinbergen, the method of comparative analysis, and the formalization of the management process. The result boils down to identifying a significant advantage of distributed management for the formation of economic policy, since it allows to identify their correlation with the development factors, including an assessment of the strength of the applied instruments. This expands on the classic “goal-tool” principle of economic policy. Distributed management allows you to give a qualitative assessment of the institutional coordination of economic activities by the government. The use of distributed control will be most appropriate when deploying indicative planning procedures and constituting the content of the project management method, which involves the selection of a set of tools from alternative options. In the future, distributed management makes it possible to identify errors in copying managerial and organizational experience in terms of the applied development institutions, borrowed technologies, and the use of project management. A quantitative assessment of the strength of tools and its sensitivity of various goals, the application of this assessment to specific controllable systems of different levels of complexity constitutes the prospect of this theoretical study.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Rejuvenating Scheme on Income of Cotton Farmers – An Evidence from Kalaburagi District of Karnataka

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
. Sagar ◽  
Murtuza Khan ◽  
Mahin Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
Dryland Crops

Rainfed areas are not only thirsty but also hungry for nutrients and are hotspots of poverty, malnutrition, and degradation of natural resources. Looking into these aspects, the Government of Karnataka has implemented a mission mode project called “Bhoochetana” meaning “reviving the soils” to benefit dryland farmers for sustainable use of natural resources in Karnataka. This scheme aimed at enhancing the yield level of major dryland crops through integrated crop management (ICM) practices. The study has been conducted in the Kalaburagi District of Karnataka State, where the majority of the area under agriculture is rainfed and cotton is one of the major rainfed crops grown on a large scale. The study revealed that the yield of the main product from cotton production for Bhoochetana beneficiary farmers was higher with 23.18 quintals per hectare compared to non-beneficiary farmers with 21.36 quintals. The results of partial budgeting showed that, a net gain of ₹ 4660 per hectare was obtained by Bhoochetana scheme beneficiaries over non-beneficiary farmers. The study highlighted that, there is a positive significant effect of the scheme on the production of cotton. Therefore, the policies must focus on long-term soil, water, and other natural resource conservation practices to achieve sustainability in agriculture.

scholarly journals Inequality, institutions, and cooperation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Markussen ◽  
Smriti Sharma ◽  
Saurabh Singhal ◽  
Finn Tarp
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Public Goods Experiment ◽  
Voluntary Cooperation

We examine the effects of randomly introduced economic inequality on voluntary cooperation, and whether this relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large-scale lab-in-the-field public goods experiment with over 1,300 participants across rural Vietnam. Our results show that inequality adversely affects aggregate contributions, and this is on account of high endowment individuals contributing a significantly smaller share than those with low endowments. This negative effect of inequality on cooperation is exacerbated in high corruption environments. We find that corruption leads to more pessimistic beliefs about others’ contributions in heterogeneous groups, and this is an important mechanism explaining our results. In doing so, we highlight the indirect costs of corruption that are understudied in the literature. These findings have implications for public policies aimed at resolving local collective action problems.

Why Participate in Pro-Environmental Action? Individual Responsibility in Unstructured Collectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Leist
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Moral Arguments

AbstractThe degradation of natural resources in the environment is, technically speaking, a form of depleting a public good. Public goods are notorious for free-riding among egoists, but the marginality of individual contributions provides no less an obstacle, both to moral duty and motivation. This article discusses the problems of minimized and missing causal involvement on the empirical side; and, in the applicability of classical moral arguments, on the ethical side. It. suggests that individual responsibility is derived on the basis of implicit advantage-taking from participation in collective action.

scholarly journals Protest, counter-protest and organizational diversification of protest groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 073889421986991
Author(s):  
Kana Inata
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Organizational Infrastructure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Concessions

Whereas protests have been discussed predominantly in terms of collective action issues, achieving coordination does not always guarantee success. Protest groups must also back their demands with sufficient threats. Some assert that threats are enhanced by the mobilization of more resources. Yet this conventional wisdom fails to explain why not all large-scale protests win government concessions or why some protest groups spend resources on their organizational infrastructure even though it will not inflict immediate damage on the government. Formalizing protest in a bargaining model, I show that investing in organizational infrastructure improves the impact of protest groups’ threats by lowering the probability that a counter-protest will offset the impact of the original protest.

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