Competitiveness and Innovativeness of Russian Industrial Enterprises (on the Results of a Large-scale Survey of Enterprises)

2005 ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gurkov ◽  
E. Avraamova ◽  
V. Tubalov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Government

Based on the data from a large-scale survey of enterprises a typology of companies strategic positioning has been built and the factors that affect sustainability of the strategic position have been determined. We have found that the superior strategic position (measured as a positive relationship between quality and unit costs of a firm) is based on intensive innovations and active transformation of the business environment of the firm. However, companies of all selected strategic types viewed the government economic policy as the factor that impedes their own development. The suggestions for improving the government industrial policy are formulated.

scholarly journals Elinor Ostrom: proving the effectiveness of collective action in management (the Noble Prize in Economics in 2009 “for research in the field of economic organization”)

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Oksana Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
The Government

The article substantiates Elinor Ostrom’s contribution to the theory of collective management of property. The author outlines solutions to problems of the most optimal use of scarce natural resources and their economically relevant preservation in a long-term perspective. The research paper affirms the idea that it is not only the government who can solve the problem of efficient use of resources for public purposes. It is proved that collective decisions can be made in the management of resources, under which the latter are maintained in good conditions while being used for general public. The most accepted models (‘the tragedy of the commons’, ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’, ‘the logic of collective action’) are examined. The above- mentioned models are frequently used as tools to study cases of economic policy-making in allocating scarce resources for public purposes, and as a concept for analyzing problems of individuals who seek to achieve collective benefits. It is emphasized that there is a need for a balanced application of the above models as metaphors, which substitute solid foundations of the economic policy, since the limitations suggested for easing the analysis are accepted without reservation as permanent empirical requirements that remain as such until adjustments are made by the government. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of developing the theory of human organization based on realistic assessments of human possibilities and limitations that arise when a number of various situations related to using public goods are to be resolved. It is stressed that the empirically supported theories of human organization as an important component of study on economic policy are able to complement the solutions with estimates of the most likely effect of using many ways of organizing human activities. It is concluded that E. Ostrom’s experimental research in the field of natural resources management can be used to solve large-scale range of issues related to the production of public goods.

BUSINESS CLIMATE AS AN INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY REGIONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Paslavska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Government

This article is devoted to the analysis of business climate of the regions of Ukraine. Important for the analysis are the major changes that the business environment has undergone due to the new realities caused by the spread of the pandemic. Among the key points are: the introduction of a hybrid workflow, digitalization of work processes, development of new crisis management strategies, implementation of sustainable models that can serve customers in any circumstances, retraining and retraining, changing the focus on increasing loyalty services already existing customers, etc. Also, this paper contains an analysis of the business environment in four strategic regions of Ukraine – Lviv, Odessa, Kharkiv and Dnipro. At present, most regions find it difficult to do business in most regions, although satisfactory estimates prevailed last year. Corruption and bureaucracy were highlighted as leading factors hindering business development. In the first place for ease of doing business was the Western region – 2.95 points out of 5 possible, in second place was Kharkiv – 2.69 points, in third place - the Dnieper – 2.34 points, and in last place was the South Ukrainian region – 2.25 points. The integrated assessment of all regions is located in the negative plane. The conclusions listed the main points on which the government should focus for economic recovery and development of the business environment, namely: implementation of real and effective judicial reform, rule of law, fair justice; protection of the population from COVID-19 (large-scale testing, vaccination, effective treatment; eradication of corruption; ensuring fair, equitable, predictable and transparent tax policy, fair competition; ensuring macroeconomic stability and continuing cooperation with the IMF; reducing the shadow economy; protecting investment and property rights; establishing equal rules of the game by eliminating the control of the oligarchs, etc.

scholarly journals Distributed Management as a Solution of the “Goal-Tool” Principle of Economic Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
O. S. Sukharev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Management ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Controllable Systems

The study subject is the process of substantiation and implementation of measures of the state economic policy aimed at achieving the established priority goals of economic development from the standpoint of the “goal-tool” principle and its possible expansion. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the doctrine of so-called distributed management, which expands the use of the principle of “goal-tool” in relation to the developed and implemented economic policy, as well as to identify the main advantages, disadvantages, opportunities for its use for the public administration methods development. The content of the named doctrine comes down to identifying the structure of tools that affect the management object with a different and changing force, according to which the introduction of these tools is planned. The methodological basis was formed by the theory of management of large-scale systems, the economic policy of Tinbergen, the method of comparative analysis, and the formalization of the management process. The result boils down to identifying a significant advantage of distributed management for the formation of economic policy, since it allows to identify their correlation with the development factors, including an assessment of the strength of the applied instruments. This expands on the classic “goal-tool” principle of economic policy. Distributed management allows you to give a qualitative assessment of the institutional coordination of economic activities by the government. The use of distributed control will be most appropriate when deploying indicative planning procedures and constituting the content of the project management method, which involves the selection of a set of tools from alternative options. In the future, distributed management makes it possible to identify errors in copying managerial and organizational experience in terms of the applied development institutions, borrowed technologies, and the use of project management. A quantitative assessment of the strength of tools and its sensitivity of various goals, the application of this assessment to specific controllable systems of different levels of complexity constitutes the prospect of this theoretical study.

Adjustment Problems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Government

This chapter studies structural adjustment, the reform paradigm that took up the basic proposals established in “Window of Opportunity”—a vision of transition to a market economy through “shock” liberalization, privatization, and stabilization, backed by largescale foreign aid. By the middle of the 1990s, elements of structural adjustment were achieved, including large-scale privatization of industrial enterprises and liberalization of most prices. However, growth remained frustratingly elusive for reformers, and they increasingly turned their attention to inflexibilities created by sociotechnical systems such as infrastructures and the government budget that were not easily reorganized through a market mechanism. The problem was still one of structural adjustment—that is, one of correcting the distortions created by the Soviet patterns of urban and spatial development.

scholarly journals State tax policy in Ukraine: historical and legal aspect (based on the example of the XX century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Г. Л. Гуфман
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
General Level ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Moment

The scientific article is focused on the research of conceptual bases of public policy in Ukraine in the XX century in the historian legal discovery. The author has established that a financial and tax system, from the moment of declaration of the Soviet power in the territory of Ukraine, underwent serious transformation, the economic policy was directed to maintenance and strengthening of the power, preservation of an economic mechanism and creating favorable conditions for economic recovery. And the economic program is proclaimed still the Bolshevist power provided: Establishment of the progressive income tax; to cancellation of indirect taxes on necessities; establishment of high taxes on luxury goods. At the first stages of the XX century no new types of tax were established, behind an exception the expansion of the bases of application of penalties and only in 1917 it was indicated the need of legal collection of the taxes imposed by provisional government. It defined that the new economic policy was proclaimed for the purpose of restoration of commodity economy, revival of almost cancelled monetary taxes, from the ideas to a central and their principles of decentralization and partial denationalization. However, discrepancy of the made tax decisions, which took root on general level, turned out to be consequence strengthening of planned methods and mediate in administrative control, which constantly amplified arbitrariness from the state. The attention has been focused on the fact that post-war years of the government budget was subordinated to the solution of the major task to mitigation of consequences of war and restoration of the destroyed economy of the country. Growth of receipts in the budget in the form of tax from a turn and assignments from the profit of the restored industrial enterprises allowed to lower taxes on the population a few. Since January 1, 1946 a war tax was cancelled, and since September of the same year the free minimum for workers and employees was raised. The author has reasonably introduced the need for the periodization of the formation of the public tax policy, which is offered for considering through a prism of division into six main stages.

scholarly journals The Penta Helix Model of Innovation in Oman: An HEI Perspective

10.28945/3735 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alrence S Halibas ◽  
Rowena Ocier Sibayan ◽  
Rolou Lyn Maata
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Innovation Culture ◽  
Key Players ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovation Practices

Aim/Purpose: Countries today strategically pursue regional development and economic diversification to compete in the world market. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are at the crux of this political strategy. The paper reviews how HEIs can propel regional socio-economic growth and development by way of research innovation and entrepreneurship. Background: Offering an academic perspective about the role of HEIs using the Penta Helix innovation network for business and social innovation, the paper discusses opportunities and challenges in gestating an innovation culture. It likewise seeks, identifies and details strategies and workable programs. Methodology: Best-practice innovation campaigns initiated by Omani HEIs in collaboration with capstone programs organized by the government were parsed from selected local and international literature. The study includes a causal analysis of innovation information contained in 40 out of 44 published OAAA Quality Audit reports about HEIs from 2009 to 2016. The best-practice programs serve as success indicators and will be used as a field metric effect a Penta Helix blueprint for innovation. Contribution: The paper discusses how HEIs can engender, nurture, drive, and sustain innovation and entrepreneurial activity by using an innovation strategic blueprint like the Penta Helix model. It gathers together the recent historical attempts at promoting innovation by HEIs. It likewise suggests the creation of a network channel to allow key players in the innovation network to share innovation information and to collaborate with each other. Furthermore, it contributes to the development of innovation culture in HEIs. Findings: Expectations run high in academia. For one, universities believe that all innovations embryonically begin within their halls. Universities–too–believe it is naturally incumbent on them to stimulate and advance innovation despite that most innovation programs are initiated by the government in Oman. HEI engagement is perceivably still weak. HEIs have yet to come out as a strong leading force in promoting systems of innovation. There is clear awareness of the need to adopt leading-edge practices in innovation strategy and management, curriculum and assessment, staff support and reward systems, funding and ICT infrastructure, research commercialization and IP management, and community engagement. Recommendations for Practitioners: There is need to conduct more in-depth analyses about the synergy and partnerships between key players of the Penta Helix model. A large-scale survey will help completely reveal the status and impact of innovation practices in the region and among HEIs. Recommendation for Researchers: There is need to conduct more in-depth analyses about the synergy and partnerships between key players of the Penta Helix model. A large-scale survey will help completely reveal the status and impact of innovation practices in the region and among HEIs. Impact on Society: The paper hopes to influence policy. It fully intends to convince policymakers increase the adoption of strategic interventions. The paper is not a theoretical description of the problem. It suggests several concrete courses of action. Future Research: The paper has seen the need to measure the effectiveness of the current innovation practices among key players in the innovation network and how these practices advance Oman’s knowledge economy. We propose a Likert-based bottom-up engagement metric.

scholarly journals Evolution of State Policy Towards Labour Desertion in 1944-1945

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Belonogov Yury
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

The object of scientific research was the evolution of legislation and its law enforcement practice with respect to the deserters from military industrial enterprises at the final stage of World War II. This evolution formally suggested an obvious change of emphasis in the penal policy of labour mobility control: from toughening law enforcement practices to realization of large-scale amnesties of workers who arbitrarily left their places of work.On the basis of the local archival materials the author analyzes practical implementation of innovations reflected in the Decree of the Government of the USSR of June 29, 1944 (change in the procedure for searching and punishing deserters; bringing economic leaders to criminal and party responsibility for non-compliance with the norms of the Decree of December 26, 1941; preventive measures aimed at improvement of working and living conditions). However, attempts of systemic improvement of existing legislation and its enforcement practices faced with certain institutional constraints existed due to the nomenclature organization of power and the supply and demand correlation in the labour market. The author sees the reasons for the amnesties in 1944‒1945 in the low efficiency of toughening punitive measures, excessively high administrative expenses in the process of the Decree of December 26, 1941 realization. It is mentioned that holding the amnesty did not change the substance of the legislation on criminal prosecution for unauthorized abandonment of the workplace of workbut was only the reaction of the state which defended the departmentinterests of the military industry people's commissariats concerning the provision of enterprises with labor force, the reaction to the poorly effective search for labor deserters.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

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