Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic

Objective - This study aims to find out (1) how the e-commerce utilization model before and during the pandemic, (2) the influence of the level of education on the tendency to use e-commerce (3) the marketing media used before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, and ( 4) the average income of MSME actors before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is an explanative quantitative method, using a questionnaire, examining theories and policies related to Covid-19 and the application of e-commerce. Methodology/Technique – This study used a sample of 75 MSME actors and found that there was a significant increase in the use of e-commerce by Indonesian MSME actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of online media in economic activities during the pandemic increased from 21.33% to 54.67%. Meanwhile, the education level of the MSME actors did not influence the decision to change the transaction pattern from offline to online with r score of 0.132. Finding – This means that this pandemic has changed the way of transactions in economic activity to its roots no matter how high the education level of the MSME actors is. The income of MSME actors has actually dropped dramatically during the pandemic, especially the period when the government implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: L81, O32. Keywords: COVID-19, E-Commerce, Social Distancing, MSME Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kurniawati, E; Siddiq, I.H.A. (2020). Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 8(4): 267 – 277. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.4(8)

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Indonesian MSME E-Commerce among the Covid-19 Pandemic

11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES - Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding ◽

10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(95) ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 95-95

Author(s):

Elya Kurniawati ◽

Immamul Huda Al Sidiq

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Education Level ◽

Economic Life ◽

Online Media ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Average Income ◽

Before And After ◽

The Government ◽

Transaction Pattern

The Covid-19 virus pandemic has devastated all aspects of life, especially the economy. The responsibility to wear masks and physical distance has logical consequences in people's economic life. This causes the use of E-Commerce in economic activities to be a necessity. For this reason, this study aims to find out (1) how the e-commerce utilization model before and during the pandemic, (2) the influence of the level of education on the tendency to use e-commerce (3) the marketing media used before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, and ( 4) the average income of MSME actors before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is an explanative quantitative method, using a questionnaire, examining theories and policies related to Covid-19 and the application of e-commerce. This study used a sample of 75 MSME actors and found that there was a significant increase in the use of e-commerce by Indonesian MSME actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of online media in economic activities during the pandemic increased from 21.33% to 54.67%. Meanwhile, the education level of the MSME actors did not influence the decision to change the transaction pattern from offline to online with r score of 0.132. This means that this pandemic has changed the way of transactions in economic activity to its roots no matter how high the education level of the MSME actors is. The income of MSME actors has actually dropped dramatically during the pandemic, especially the period when the government implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. Keywords: COVID-19, E-Commerce, Social Distancing, UMKM

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ANALISIS PENERAPAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JUMLAH WAJIB PAJAK DAN PENERIMAAN PPH PASAL 4 AYAT (2)

GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI ◽

10.32400/gc.12.2.17444.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jelly Anggraeni Dunggio ◽

Inggriani Elim ◽

Lidia Mawikere

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Average Income ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Before And After ◽

Directorate General ◽

The Government ◽

Year 2013

The Government through the Directorate General of Taxation has stipulated Government Regulation (PP) Number 46 Year 2013 concerning Tax on MSMEs. In helping small and medium economic activities, the government provides tax services for the UMKM Taxpayers with a 1% tax rate charged on the gross sales cycle of up to Rp 4.8 billion per year. This study aims to explain the growth of the number of taxpayers, before and after the application of PP. No. 46 Year 2013, also aims to explain the acceptance of Income Tax Article 4 Paragraph (2) in the working area of KPP. Pratama Luwuk. This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis method. The results of this study indicate that after the application of PP. No. 46 Year 2013 has decreased the growth of taxpayers by -2.43%, while the average income tax Article 4 Paragraph (2) from PPh UMKM for forty-two months since the implementation of PP. No. 46 Year 2013 is 2.58% with Very Less criteria. In the future, the government especially KPP Pratama Luwuk must be more active and keen in exploring the potential of tax revenue and maintain performance in managing tax revenue, and to evaluate the implementation of PP.No. 46/2013 as the next policy review.Keywords: Government regulation No.46 of 2013, income tax, receipt.

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Signifikansi Pengaruh Sentimen Pemberlakuan PSBB Terhadap Aspek Ekonomi: Pengaruh Pada Nilai Tukar Rupiah dan Stock Return (Studi Kasus Pandemi Covid-19)

Jurnal Bina Akuntansi ◽

10.52859/jba.v7i2.98 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 223-239

Author(s):

Irma Lestari Made

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Stock Returns ◽

Stock Return ◽

Large Scale ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Public Sentiment ◽

Before And After ◽

The Government

The Large-Scale Social Limitation Policy (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar/PSBB) was chosen by the Indonesian government in responding to the pandemic covid-19. The PSBB policy is preferred by the government to be implemented instead of lockdown. Much controversy in public over the PSBB policy has built the sentiment. Consideration of the economic aspects has been the main reason in making these policies. With consideration of the state of the Indonesian economy, the government believes that this policy is an effective and efficient pathway with a note that the public will be able to conduct pandemic covid-19 health protocol discipline and form herd immunity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the PSBB which has an impact on public sentiment fluctuations, using secondary stock return data on blue-chip stocks and the rupiah exchange rate in the range of time before and after the implementation of the PSBB begun, April 10, 2020. Wilcoxon test is used as data analysis tool of nonparametric statistics. The test results stated that the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar was significantly affected by public sentiment towards the implementation of the PSBB, while the stock return was not significantly affected. Several factors beyond the implementation of PSBB need to be considered in influencing stock returns as well as the rupiah exchange rate.

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53 Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam: Monthly Average Income and Proportion of Revenue in 2015 by Gender and Education Level of Head of A Household

10.31219/osf.io/fpnw3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Toan Manh Ho

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minority ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

National Survey ◽

Education Level ◽

Web Portal ◽

Average Income ◽

Data Set ◽

Monthly Average ◽

Gender And Education ◽

The Government

This preprint is a reading of the document "Data Table 2: Monthly Average Income and Proportion of Revenue in 2015 by Gender and Education Level of Head of A Household" from the extracted data set from Vietnam’s national survey on 53 ethnic minorities, conducted in 2015. The original document was obtained from open deposition, publicly available at www.ubdt.gov.vn, the official web portal of the Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs (CEMA), part of the government of Vietnam. This work is part of the research project AISDL-53EMS-Summary.

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PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP DISPARITAS PENDAPATAN DI WILAYAH GERBANGKERTOSUSILA

JURNAL EKONOMI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN ◽

10.26740/jepk.v5n1.p52-67 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Emi Nuraini

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Educational Level ◽

Regression Models ◽

Total Population ◽

Panel Data Analysis ◽

Education Level ◽

Income Disparity ◽

Level Of Education ◽

The Subject ◽

The Government

This study aims to analyze the influence of economic growth and educational level towards income disparity on Gerbangkertosusila region either partially or simultaneously. Gerbangkertosusila in 2003-2012 becomes the subject of this research. In addition, the research uses sampling saturated and regression models for panel data analysis to achieve the aims of this study.The results of this study showed that (1) partially economic growth significantly does not influence the income disparity in Gerbangkertosusila region. The invention indicates that economic growth can not be distributed evenly. (2) The level of education have a significant effect on the income disparity of Gerbangkertosusila. The total population of high educated people in Surabaya is higher than others. So, Surabaya has higher income disparity too. (3) While simultaneously, economic growth and education level significanly influence the income disparity in Gerbangkertosusila region. The findings showed that Surabaya has different income disparity. It is because Surabaya as a capital area than other regencies as supporting area. So there is a high gap between capital and supporting area. The government is expected to be able to increase the industrial sector’s output, services and capital goods so that high economic growth can be achieved and more attention to the education sector, especially in the central areas of growth

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Evaluation of Learning Guidelines During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Journal La Edusci ◽

10.37899/journallaedusci.v2i5.527 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

Tran Chong ◽

Long Hui La

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Online Media ◽

Health Board ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

National Public Health ◽

The Government ◽

Evaluation Of Learning ◽

National Emergency

The Covid-19 epidemic has led in significant changes across the board, particularly in the realm of education. Every level of education seems to be being 'forced' to adapt in order to accommodate students studying from home via online media. Educators are expected to be innovative in their delivery of curriculum using online learning medium. The Covid-19 epidemic is a worldwide pandemic, and the National Public Health Board has declared a national emergency. A number of preventative measures have been implemented by the government in order to avoid and reduce the spread of the virus. It is hoped that we would acquire acclimated to the existing system as a learning culture in educational institutions.

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In Science we (should) trust: expectations and compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-106840/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Bicchieri ◽

Enrique Fatas ◽

Abraham Aldama ◽

Andres Casas ◽

Ishwari Deshpande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

High Expectations ◽

Country Level ◽

Before And After ◽

Low Expectations ◽

Normative Expectations ◽

The Government ◽

Vignette Experiment

Abstract The magnitude and nature of the COVID-19 pandemic prevents public health policies from relying on coercive enforcement. Practicing social distancing, wearing masks and staying at home are voluntary and conditional on the behavior of others. We present the results of a large-scale survey experiment in nine countries with representative samples of the population. We find that both empirical expectations (what others do) and normative expectations (what others approve of) play a significant role in compliance, beyond the effect of any other individual or group characteristic. In our survey experiment, when empirical and normative expectations of individuals are high, compliance goes up by 55% (relative to the low expectations condition). Similar results are obtained when we look at self-reported compliance among those with high expectations. Our results are driven by an asymmetric interaction with individuals’ trust in government and science. Holding both expectations high, the effect of trusting science is substantial and significant in our vignette experiment (22% increase in compliance), and even larger in self-reported compliance (76% and 127% increase before and after the lockdown). By contrast, trusting the government only generates modest effects. At the macro level, the country-level trust in science, and not in government, becomes a strong predictor of compliance.

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Reaksi Pasar terhadap Penerapan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

E-Jurnal Akuntansi ◽

10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i12.p08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 3133

Author(s):

I Wayan Agus Purnayasa ◽

Eka Ardhani Sisdyani

Keyword(s):

Abnormal Return ◽

Trading Volume ◽

Large Scale ◽

Market Reaction ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Rank Test ◽

Volume Activity ◽

Average Abnormal Return ◽

Before And After ◽

The Government

On April 6, 2020, the government approved the implementation of the first Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in Indonesia in the context of accelerating the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses this event as an event under study to observe the market reaction before and after it, with a window period of 11 days. The average abnormal return and the average trading volume activity of stocks are used as indicators of market reaction. The study was conducted on 152 trading, service and investment sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), which were determined using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by using paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results showed that there was no difference between the average abnormal return and the average trading volume activity before and after the first PSBB was approved in Indonesia. The absence of market reaction is assumed because the level of market efficiency in Indonesia is still weak. Keywords : Covid-19; Social Distancing Policy; Market Reaction; Abnormal Return; Trading Volume Activity.

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ANALISIS KAUSALITAS ANTARA KEMISKINAN, KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

Jurnal Ecogen ◽

10.24036/jmpe.v1i3.5031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 604

Author(s):

Damrul Ahmad ◽

Mike Triani

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Education Level ◽

Literature Study ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Causality Test ◽

Level Of Education ◽

West Sumatra ◽

The Government ◽

Inductive Analysis

This study aims to determine and analyze the causal relationship between poverty, income inequality and education level in West Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive and associative research, where the data used is secondary data in the form of panel data from 2010 to 2017 with documentation data collection and literature study techniques obtained from related institutions and institutions. Data analysis used is the data used is descriptive analysis and inductive analysis. In inductive analysis there are several tests, namely: (1) Unit Root Test (2)Cointegration Test (3) Optimal Lag Determination (4) Granger Causality Test (5) PVAR Test. The results of this study indicate that (1) income inequality Poverty and income inequality have a causality relationship where the probability of poverty to income inequality = 0.0307 and the probability of income inequality against poverty = 0.0166 (2) There is a one-way relationship between poverty and education level where poverty affects the level of education with a probability = 0.0024 while the level of education does not affect poverty with probability = 0.2402 (3) income inequality and education level do not have a one-way or two-way relationship where income inequality does not affect the level of education with probability = 0, 2445 and the level of education also does not affect income inequality with a probability = 0.5248 in the study period. Based on the results of this study, the authors suggest that the government combine policies on income equity and poverty such as the application of progressive taxes and subsidies to basic needs, equitable distribution of education in districts / cities in regencies / cities in West Sumatra. in addition, it is also expected that an increase in the nine economic sectors so that all three issues such as poverty, income inequality and education levels can be overcome. Keyword: Poverty, Income Inequality, Education Level, PVAR

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GLOBAL LARGE-SCALE LAND INVESTMENT IN AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng2003013k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Olayinka Idowu KAREEM

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Sustainable Land Use ◽

Land Resource ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Investment Level ◽

The Government ◽

Large Scale Land

The attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Africa will depend in part on its endowment, productivity and management of the land resource. Thus, due to the multipurpose usage of the land, there is more interest in its acquisition and usage, which often lead to competition among investors. More so, the intensive use of land for economic activities often impacts on the environment. This has implication for the target countries’ sustainable development. It is on this basis that this study investigates the effects of large-scale land investments on the environment. The study adopts the sample selection model to find that at the decision to invest, there is the tendency the environment gets more deplorable while the foreign investors sustainably use the land and this is not the case for domestic investors. At the actual large-scale land investment level, the foreign large-scale land investment has adverse effects on the environment, but they maintain sustainable use of land, while the domestic large-scale investment negatively impacts on both the environment and the sustainable land use. Climate change impeded the availability of large-scale land. Thus, although the large-scale land investments could mitigate the challenges of national food insecurity, there should be intense efforts by the government to continuously monitor and regulate the activities of these investors to conform with global environmental best practices.

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