Adapting to climate changes: The challenge for rural farmers in the forest and southern Guinea savanna ecologies of Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
D. D. Sedegah S. A. Ajayi A. T. Salami
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Lack Of Information

Agriculture provides food for the ever growing population, supplies raw material for industrial sector and generates foreign exchange for economies. However, the onset and threat of climate change imposes stresses on rural farming activities given that agricultural activities are largely rain-fed in Nigeria. The research design adopted was the survey method with a population sample of 600 questionnaires and interview guide administered to 10 rural farming communities in Oyo and Osun States located within the forest and southern guinea savanna ecologies of Nigeria. Lack of capital (61.1% in Oyo and 57.2% in Osun) among other constraints such as lack of information, shortage of labour, lack of access to water, and poor health were identified as constraints to climate change adaptation by farmers. More than 80% (88.7% and 82.6%) of farmers acknowledged the climate had changed over the past 5-10 years mainly in terms of decrease in rain and change in its timing. The main implications for climate change are deterioration in quality of life, increased migration, and threats to social cohesion among others. The paper concludes that, the burden of climate change cannot be borne alone by rural farmers and recommends a rural development policy in providing support to rural farmers facing climate risks.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: Experiences from Eastern Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kwaku Agyei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Low Cost Strategy

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">Climate change risks are wide spread, and they are transforming the socio-environmental infrastructure of economic development. Whether they are included or not in the development of national adaptation strategies, rural populations continue to employ diverse climate adaptation strategies to withstand climate induced vulnerabilities inimical to their livelihoods. Using the case of farming communities in Eastern Ghana and through semi-structured interviews, this article addresses the questions: which climate risks confront farmers, what are farmers’ adaptation choices, and which adaptation strategies are sustainable and why? The paper argues that farmers use range of adaptation strategies to minimize climate risks. Nevertheless, some strategies do not sustain the anticipated positive outcomes. Local choices of adaptation strategies were skewed towards advancing general income, and poorly promoted healthy ecological systems. Farmers’ choices of climate strategies were based on, among others, personal intuition or historical experience, knowledge of strategies, and availability of resources to implement a particular strategy: sustainability measures weakly influenced selections. Short rotation and mixed species cropping, farming at several locations, and drought tolerant crop varieties were sustainable initiatives to farmers. The main qualities of successful initiatives were low cost strategy, economic equity, and flexibility to precipitation and temperature. Climate adaptation strategy can be sustainable if it is less costly to establish, and flexible to places and seasons. </span></p>

scholarly journals RURAL FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.U. Ofuoku
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Fuel Loss

Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the per-ception of climate change among rural farmers in central agri-cultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Climate change studies often assume certain adaptations and minimal examination of how, when, why, and conditions under which adaptations usually take place in any economic and social systems. The study was conducted by survey method on 131 respondents using struc-tured interview schedule and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression model to test that education, gender, and farming experience influenced farmers’ perception of climate change. The results showed that the farmers were aware of climate change. The identified causes of climate change were ranging from intensified agriculture, population explosion, increased use of fossil fuel, loss of in-digenous know practice to gas flaring. The effects of climate change on crops and livestocks were also identified by the rural farmers. Many of the farmers adapted to climate change by planting trees, carrying out soil conservation practice, changing planting dates, using different crop varieties, installing fans in livestock pens, and applying irrigation. Almost half of them did not adapt to climate change. The linear regression analysis revealed that education, gender, and farming experience influ-enced farmers’ perception of climate change. The major barriers to adaptation to climate change included lack of information, lack of money, and inadequate land.<br /><br /><br />

scholarly journals Information Sources and Constraints to Climate Change Adaptation amongst Smallholder Farmers in Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5846
Author(s):  
Oluwabunmi Oluwaseun Popoola ◽  
Shehu Folaranmi Gbolahan Yusuf ◽  
Nomakhaya Monde
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Climate Change Information

With current global climate change conditions, the urgency to provide agricultural knowledge on adaptation has risen. The dearth of climate change information is one amongst many agricultural production challenges faced by the majority of rural farming communities. This study aimed to identify smallholder farmers’ sources of climate change information and constraints to their coping and adaptation. Descriptive statistical tools, mean scores and the ‘problem confrontation index’ (PCI) were used to assess and describe the study’s findings. Analysis revealed that public extension services play a minute role in rural farmers’ climate change knowledge; they get their information elsewhere. The most critical constraint to climate change coping and adaptation in the study area was lack of access to agricultural extension services.

scholarly journals Climate-smart agriculture for sustainable agricultural sectors: The case of Mooifontein

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Mathews ◽  
Leandri Kruger ◽  
Gideon J. Wentink
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Climate change is an environmental phenomenon with the potential to exacerbate existing disaster risks and cause extensive human, financial and environmental losses. The Mooifontein agricultural region in South Africa is considered to be a region vulnerable to climate change– associated risks. These climate risks would pose a substantial threat to the livelihoods of farmers in the Mooifontein area. This article aims to explore climate-smart agriculture (CSA) as a resilience-building tool to ensure sustainable agricultural practices. A qualitative research approach was utilised to gain insights into climate change and the lived experiences of farmers and agricultural experts in Mooifontein. The findings revealed that agricultural communities should focus on the identification and application of adaptation strategies like CSA. The adoption of appropriate CSA practices will play a vital role in ensuring sustainable livelihoods and improved community resilience for farming communities in the Mooifontein region.

Understanding climate change vulnerability, adaptation and risk perceptions at household level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahid Ullah ◽  
Takaaki Nihei ◽  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Rahman Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Farming Communities

Purpose This study aims to investigate risks associated with climate change vulnerability and in response the adaptation methods used by farming communities to reduce its negative impacts on agriculture in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The study used household survey method of data collection in Charsadda district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, involving 116 randomly selected respondents. Findings Prevalent crops diseases, water scarcity, soil fertility loss and poor socio-economic conditions were main contributing factors of climate change vulnerability. The results further showed that changing crops type and cultivation pattern, improved seed varieties, planting shaded trees and the provision of excessive fertilizers are the measures adapted to improve agricultural productivity, which may reduce the climate change vulnerability at a household level. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this study was the exclusion of women from the survey due to religious and cultural barriers of in Pashtun society, wherein women and men do not mingle. Practical implications Reducing climate change vulnerability and developing more effective adaptation techniques require assistance from the government. This help can be in the form of providing basic resources, such as access to good quality agricultural inputs, access to information and extension services on climate change adaptation and modern technologies. Consultation with other key stakeholder is also required to create awareness and to build the capacity of the locals toward reducing climate change vulnerability and facilitating timely and effective adaptation. Originality/value This original research work provides evidence about farm-level vulnerability, adaptation strategies and risk perceptions on dealing with climate-change-induced natural disasters in Pakistan. This paper enriches existing knowledge of climate change vulnerability and adaptation in this resource-limited country so that effective measures can be taken to reduce vulnerability of farming communities, and enhance their adaptive capability.

scholarly journals Resilience of Rainfed Lowland Farming Communities on the Threat of Food Insecurity due to Climate Change (A Case in South Lampung)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-251
Author(s):  
Siti Mariyani ◽  
Nurmala K Pandjaitan ◽  
Martua Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Rainfed Lowland

Rain-fed lowland has a risk of drought, flooding, nutrient imbalance, and increasing pest and weed disturbance. These conditions will get worse when experiencing climate change. This can cause a decrease in production, so the community needs to develop strategies to survive in facing the threat of food insecurity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the resilience of rain-fed farming communities against the threat of food insecurity due to climate change. The study was conducted in the Marga Kaya Village, Lampung Province. Data was collected using a survey method by taking 100 respondents with simple random sampling. The results showed that the rain-fed farming community has been resilient to face the threat of food insecurity due to climate change. Rain-fed farming community through a network of adaptive capacity, especially social capital and manage available resources can maintain the existence of institutional barns to face the threat of food insecurity.

scholarly journals Strategies for Implementing Agro-Industrial Policy in the Face of Climate Change in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Ogunwale, A. B ◽  
Akintonde, J. O ◽  
Amao, J. O
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
The Face

The development of the agro-industrial sector lies in increasing agricultural productivity which is directly affected by climatic changes. The study, therefore, evaluated the strategies for implementing agro-industrial policy in the face of climate change in Southwestern, Nigeria. The study adopted a participatory Field Survey Method to carry out a preliminary survey, while a multistage sampling procedure was used to select 238 crop processors/agro-industrialist. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule and analyzed with frequency distribution and percentage as main descriptive statistical tools. The study revealed different subsectors of agriculture adversely affected by climate change and several recommendations for policy formulation on climate change for sustainable agro-industrialization in the area. The study, therefore, recommends that stakeholders in agro-processing industries and governments at various levels should engage in regular consultation and participatory management mechanisms to reduce the effects of climate change on agro-industries and come up with policy documents that will promote and enhance sustainable agro-industrialization in South-west in particular and Nigeria at large. Keywords: Agro-Industries, Agro-processors, Climate Change, Policy Issues.

scholarly journals RURAL FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.U. Ofuoku
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Fuel Loss

Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the per-ception of climate change among rural farmers in central agri-cultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Climate change studies often assume certain adaptations and minimal examination of how, when, why, and conditions under which adaptations usually take place in any economic and social systems. The study was conducted by survey method on 131 respondents using struc-tured interview schedule and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression model to test that education, gender, and farming experience influenced farmers’ perception of climate change. The results showed that the farmers were aware of climate change. The identified causes of climate change were ranging from intensified agriculture, population explosion, increased use of fossil fuel, loss of in-digenous know practice to gas flaring. The effects of climate change on crops and livestocks were also identified by the rural farmers. Many of the farmers adapted to climate change by planting trees, carrying out soil conservation practice, changing planting dates, using different crop varieties, installing fans in livestock pens, and applying irrigation. Almost half of them did not adapt to climate change. The linear regression analysis revealed that education, gender, and farming experience influ-enced farmers’ perception of climate change. The major barriers to adaptation to climate change included lack of information, lack of money, and inadequate land.<br /><br /><br />

STABILITAS HARGA IKAN DI KOTA AMBON MELALUI PERAN COLD STORAGE, OPTIMASI PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Stevanus Marelly Siahainenia ◽  
Dionisius Bawole ◽  
Eygner Gerald Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Flying Fish ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Space Capacity

The purpose of this study was to find out the function of cold storage in stabilizing fish prices in Ambon City, analyzing optimal production levels of various types of dominant fish, and analyzing the level of efficiency of utilization of cold storage and auxiliary machinery. This study uses the survey method. Primary data collection through questionnaires is built empirically while secondary data is obtained from several agencies related to this study. The research sample was drawn by exhausting sampling, amounting to 6 cold storage units in Ambon City. The role of cold storage to stabilize fish prices was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach, while the quantitative techniques used included analysis of optimization of cold storage production with linear programming and analysis of the efficiency of utilization of cold storage. The results of the study show that cold storage has not played a role properly to stabilize fish prices in Ambon City. To achieve optimal use of production factors, the cold storage management needs to reduce the raw material by 24,915.9 kg / month; 7 HOK / month workforce; cold storage storage space capacity of 2.09 kg / month; and demand for flying fish 1,402.6 kg / month, while the use of production factors efficiently (fully utulized) is the capacity of the freezing machine, demand for tuna, skipjack, and cob. The level of technical efficiency of the utilization of cold storage facilities is reached, the total use of installed capacity must be proportional to the capacity used.

Graubündens Wald im Fokus | Focus on the Grisons forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Reto Hefti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Form Part ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government

In the mountainous canton Grisons, much visited by tourists, the forest has always had an important role to play. New challenges are now presenting themselves. The article goes more closely into two themes on the Grisons forestry agenda dominating in the next few years: the increased use of timber and climate change. With the increased demand for logs and the new sawmill in Domat/Ems new opportunities are offered to the canton for more intensive use of the raw material, wood. This depends on a reduction in production costs and a positive attitude of the population towards the greater use of wood. A series of measures from the Grisons Forestry Department should be of help here. The risk of damage to infrastructure is particularly high in a mountainous canton. The cantonal government of the Grisons has commissioned the Forestry Department to define the situation concerning the possible consequences of global warming on natural hazards and to propose measures which may be taken. The setting up of extensive measurement and information systems, the elaboration of intervention maps, the estimation of the danger potential in exposed areas outside the building zone and the maintenance of existing protective constructions through the creation of a protective constructions register, all form part of the government programme for 2009 to 2012. In the Grisons, forest owners and visitors will have to become accustomed to the fact that their forests must again produce more wood and that, on account of global warming, protective forests will become even more important than they already are today.

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