scholarly journals GREEN AND SIMPLE UV-VISIBLE DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE AND TRANSMITTANCE METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NITROFURANTOIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tubino ◽  
L. F. Bianchessi ◽  
M. Palumbo ◽  
M. M.D.C. Vila
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Ultraviolet Range ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Student’S T Test

Two quantitative analytical methods for the determination of nitrofurantoin in pharmaceutical preparations in the visible-ultraviolet range of the spectrum are reported. One of them uses the diffuse reflectance technique and the other transmittance measurements in aqueous solution. Both procedures are very simple to be performed and also present green characteristics as only polyethylene glycol and water are used as solvents. Commercial pharmaceutical preparations of the drug were analyzed using the proposed methods. The results were compared with those obtained when the HPLC procedure recommended by the USP was applied. Statistical comparison using the paired Student’s t test and the Snedecor’s F test showed good agreement between all the methods.

scholarly journals SEQUENTIAL MULTI-ELEMENT DETERMINATION OF TRACE-METALS IN BIODIESEL SAMPLES USING HR-CS FAAS

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Jesus ◽  
Ariane Zmozinskia ◽  
Diane Laroque ◽  
Márcia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Continuum Source ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Certified Values ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Student’S T Test

In this work the feasibility of sequential multi-element determination of Zn, Fe, Mg, Cu, Na, K, Cr, Al and Ca in biodiesel samples by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS) was investigated. Biodiesel samples obtained from different sources and different chemical processes were analysed. The samples were diluted with n-propanol and water (1.4 mol L-1 HNO3) to form a microemulsion (ME) before its introduction in the HR-CS FAAS using a flow injection mode. The sample B-01 (obtained from soybean oil) was used for optimisation of the instrumental parameters. The accuracy of the proposed method was checked by analysis of certified reference material (CRM) Conostan BDM2A (for K and Na) and BDM2B (for Ca and Mg) and by comparison with acid digestion and recovery tests (for Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr and Al). The obtained results for CRM analysis showed good agreement with certified values within 95% of confidence (Student’s t-test). Recovery tests values ranged from 87-114%. The method developed for the analysis of biodiesel samples is accurate, simple, fast, and suitable for routine application.

Protein Analysis of Feeds, Using a Block Digestor

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G Hambleton ◽  
Rodney J Noel
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract A method for the determination of proteins in feeds, utilizing the Technicon® BD-20 block digestor, has been developed. Twenty feed samples are weighed directly into the 250 ml tubes and digested for 35 min after clearing. The temperature of the solution during the digestion and the uniformity of temperature between various holes in the block were determined. The effect of air currents over the tubes was also studied. Six replicate determinations on cottonseed meal, blood meal, soybean meal, tryptophan, and 2 feed samples are reported and compared to results on the same sample analyzed by the official final action Kjeldahl method; good agreement was shown between the methods. The accuracy of the block digestor was confirmed by analyzing 40 routine feed samples by both the block digestor and Kjeldahl methods; results did not show a significant difference when compared by Student's t-test at the 5% level.

scholarly journals Determination of Salicylate in Blood Serum by Flow Injection with Immobilized Salicylate Hydroxylase

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta M D C Vila ◽  
Matthieu Tubino ◽  
Graciliano de Oliveira Neto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract A flow injection (FI) enzymatic system, based on the use of immobilized salicylate hydroxylase in glass beads, was developed for the determination of salicylate. Salicylate hydroxylase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are used to convert salicylate to catechol. The reaction of catechol with 4-aminophenol at high pH yields a colored product which is detected spectrophotometrically at 565 nm. Ten samples of human serum containing from 5.0 × 10−4 to 5.0 × 10−3 mol/L added salicylate were analyzed and the recovery was determined. Eight additional serum samples containing salicylate were analyzed by the Trinder test and the proposed method. The results obtained with the 2 methods showed good agreement by the statistical Student's t-test. The relative precision of the method is about 3.4% (RSD of the mean recovery). Considering the lowest concentration analyzed, the quantitative limit of detection is about 0.2 × 10−5 mol/L (3 × SD). The volume of the sample used was 150 μL. The proposed method was also used to analyze medicines containing acetylsalicylic acid. The results were statistically compared with those obtained through the U.S. Pharmacopoeia procedure and showed excellent agreement.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Zidovudine in Pharmaceuticals Based on Charge-Transfer Complexation Involving N-Bromosuccinimide, Metol and Sulphanilic Acid as Reagents

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Basavaiah ◽  
U. R. Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Sulphanilic Acid ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexation

A simple spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of zidovudine(ZDV) in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the oxidation of ZDV by a known excess of oxidant N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), in buffer medium of pH 1.5, followed by the estimation of unreacted amount of oxidant with metol and sulphanilic acid. The reacted oxidant corresponds to the amount ZDV. The purple-red reaction product absorbs maximally at 530 nm and Beer’s law is obeyed over a range 5 to 75 μg mL-1. The apparent molar absorptivity is calculated to be 5.1×103L mol-1cm-1, and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity value is 0.052 μg cm-2. The limit of detection and quantification are found to be 0.90 and 2.72, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the developed methods were evaluated as per the current ICH guidelines. The method was successfully applied to the assay of ZDV in tablet/capsule preparations and the results were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying the Student’s t-test and F-test. No interference was observed from the common tablet/capsule excipients. The accuracy of the method was further ascertained by performing recovery studies via standard-addition method.

scholarly journals The nasal index in brazilian human skeletons

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e18337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Chaves Cardoso Fernandes ◽  
Marcus Vitor Diniz de Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo Daruge Júnior ◽  
Luiz Francesquini Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Moreira Rabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Student’S T Test

Aim: To investigate the percentage of correctness (PC) of the Nasal Index (NI) in human skeletons for determination of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in the Brazilian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 173 human skulls belonging to the Piracicaba Dental School. 93 skeletons were males and 80 females; 34 were aged up to 39 years, 56 between 40 and 59 years, and 83 60 years or older; 96 were from white individuals, 49 were from mixed-race and 28 from black individuals. High-precision digital caliper was used to measure nasal height (NH=ANS-nasion) and the maximum nasal width (NW) values, which were applied into the formula NI=NW/NHx100. The data were submitted to discriminant analysis and Student’s t test with equal variances, Mann-Whitney, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis, 5% significance level. Results: Dominant nasal type in the Brazilian population was the mesorine. Males showed nasal height and width values greater than those of females, with statistically significant differences in all measurements (p≤0.021) and PC of 76.6%. Similar nasal measurements were found regardless of age (p>0.05), with PC of 41.7%. Ancestral analysis revealed that black individuals have greater nasal width (26.35) and nasal index (53.67) than white ones (24.60 and 49.25), while mixed-race individuals showed intermediate values (25.36 and 52.13) (p<0.05). Nevertheless, these measurements presented an estimated PC of 54.3%. Conclusion: The Nasal Index can be better used for sex determination than for estimation of age and ancestry in the Brazilian population, as the latter showed intermediate and low percentage of correctness, respectively.

Dr. Arnaud Replies

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-761
Author(s):  
Sara B. Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Deficiency Rickets ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Drs. Giangiacomo and Gleason are quite correct in their criticism that the number of patients with vitamin D deficiency rickets is too small for statistical comparison of the concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in mild, moderate, and severe rickets. For this reason, we did not attempt this type of statistical comparison (Student's t test). The statistical analysis which supports our conclusion is the calculation of the regression between senim 25-OH-D, ng/ml and the stage of the disease, designated by arbitrary numbers 1, 2, and 3 for mild, moderate, and severe.

Determination of Small Bone Particles in Meat

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Hill ◽  
B D Hites
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Bone Particles ◽  
Small Bone ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Very small particles of bone can be separated from ground meats and meat products by the following procedure: The bulk of the meat is solubilized by digestion with papain and the bone is separated from the other nondigestible material according to its ability to settle in a carbon tetrachloride: acetone mixture. Turkey samples with widely varying bone content were analyzed, with good agreement between duplicate samples.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Demineralization at Restoration Margins of Z100 and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill in Dentin and Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Cristina Leon-Pineda ◽  
Kevin Donly
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Class V ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Recurrent caries is still considered the main reason restorations need to be replaced. There are different materials available now that promise to reduce the possibility of recurrent caries by releasing fluoride and inhibiting restoration marginal caries. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the demineralization inhibition potential of a non-fluoride-releasing resin (Z100TM 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) and a glass containing resin-based composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar/Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), which contains fluoride. Class V preparations were placed on 22 premolars; the gingival margin was below the cementoenamel junction and the occlusal margin was placed above the cemento-enamel junction. Ten teeth were randomly selected to be restored with Z100 while the other 10 were restored with Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill. Both groups were restored following manufacturer’s instructions. All teeth had an acid resistant varnish placed within one millimeter of the preparation margins. Both groups were placed in artificial caries challenge solution (pH 4.4). At the end of the 4 days; 100 µm buccolingual sections were obtained for each tooth; these were photographed under polarized light microscopy and the demineralized areas adjacent to the restorations were measured and quantified. The mean (±S.D.) area (µm2) of demineralization from the occlusal margin (enamel) and dentin margin were: Z100 2781.889 ± 1045.213; 3960.455 ± 705.964 and for Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill 1541.545 ± 1167.027; 3027.600 ± 512.078. Student’s t-test indicated that there was significantly less enamel and dentin demineralization adjacent to Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill compared to Z100; there was significantly less demineralization in enamel compared to dentin in both Tetric EvoCeral Bulk Fill and Z100. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill performed better inhibiting demineralization at restoration margins when compared to Z100 and provided better demineralization inhibition in enamel than cementum/dentin.

scholarly journals Automatic continuous on-line monitoring of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceuticals

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. López Fernández ◽  
M. D. Luque de Castro ◽  
M. Valcárcel
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
On Line

An asymmetrical FIA merging-zones manifold based on the dual injection of two sample microvolumes was developed for the simultaneous determination of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical preparations at a sampling frequency of 30/h. The complex formed between the Fe(III) reagent continuously introduced in the system and salicylic acid was monitored photometrically at 520 nm. One of the sample plugs was prehydrolysed on injection into an NaOH stream and was circulated through a longer channel than the other plug. This yielded two FIA peaks corresponding to salicylic acid and the overall content, respectively. The proposed manifold was successfully used to control the dissolution test of a pharmaceutical preparation.

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