scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE KOMODO DRAGON (Varanus komodoensis) AND THE GREEN IGUANA (Iguana iguana) SKULL BY THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pérez ◽  
Mario Encinoso ◽  
Manuel Morales ◽  
Alberto Arencibia ◽  
Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Iguana Iguana ◽  
Green Iguana ◽  
Computed Tomographic

The purpose of this paper was to do a comparative evaluation of the skull of two species of lizards, the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) and the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana), by three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction. Images provided by this method give excellent anatomic detail of the skull. Therefore, essential differences in the configuration of the orbit and the lateral bones of the neurocranium were visualized in lateral and dorsal reconstructed images. The images obtained by tridimensional computed tomographic reconstruction can be a valuable diagnostic aid for the clinical evaluation of several head disturbances in lizards.Key words: computed tomography; 3D reconstruction; anatomy; skull; lizardsPRIMERJAVA LOBANJ KOMODOŠKEGA VARANA (Varanus komodoensis) IN ZELENEGA LEGVANA (Iguana iguana) S POMOČJO TRIDIMENZIONALNE RAČUNALNIŠKE TOMOGRAFSKE REKONSTRUKCIJEIzvleček: Namen prispevka je bil s tridimenzionalno računalniško tomografsko rekonstrukcijo opraviti primerjalno oceno lobanje dveh vrst kuščarjev, komodoškega varana (Varanus komodoensis) in zelenega legvana (Iguana iguana). Slike, pridobljene s to metodo, prikažejo odlične anatomske podrobnosti lobanje. Zato so bile na stranskih in dorzalnih rekonstrukcijah slik vidne bistvene razlike v zgradbi orbitalnega področja in stranskih kosti nevrokranija med obema vrstama kuščarjev. Slike, pridobljene s tridimenzionalno računalniško tomografsko rekonstrukcijo, so lahko dragocena diagnostična pomoč pri klinični oceni večih napak glave pri kuščarjih.Ključne besede: računalniška tomografija; 3D rekonstrukcija; anatomija; lobanja; kuščarji

Diagnosis and t-staging of gastric cancer: comparison of standard computed tomography and computed-tomographic pneumogastrography

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Inna D. Amelina ◽  
Lev N. Shevkunov ◽  
Aleksey M. Karachun ◽  
Alexander E. Mikhnin ◽  
Denis V. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
T Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virtual Gastroscopy

The advantages of computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy in diagnosing gastric cancer are considered. The study included 479 patients with histologically diagnosed gastric cancer who were treated at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov from 2011 to 2018. 232 patients received preoperative chemotherapy. All patients underwent surgery: 70 in the volume of endoscopic dissection, 40 proximal subtotal resection, 166 distal subtotal resection, 203 gastrectomy. All patients at the preoperative stage underwent staging computed tomography on a 64-slice X-ray computed tomograph: 208 patients underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol without targeted preparation of the stomach for the study, 271 patients with targeted preparation of the stomach for the study according to the computed tomographic pneumogastrography protocol. The sensitivity of the computed tomography in assessing the T-stage was assessed by comparison with pathomorphological data. Of the 208 patients who underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol, a gastric cancer was detected in 111 (53.4%), out of 271 patients who underwent computed tomography pneumogastrography, a gastric cancer was detected in 267 (98.52%), which is a statistically significant difference in comparing computed tomography methods (Pearson, 144.223, df = 1; p 0.001). There are statistically significant differences when comparing computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in detecting gastric cancer for all tumor categories: T/yT1 8.2 and 94.4% (Pearson, 99.205, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT2 47.8 and 100% (Pearson, 24.681, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT3 72.3 and 100% (Pearson, 33.114, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT4 90.0 and 100% (Pearson, 4.789, df = 1; p = 0.029) respectively. There are also statistically significant differences when comparing the sensitivity of computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in determining tumor invasion for all tumor categories: T/yT1 0 and 69.4% (Pearson, 67.880, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT2 26.1 and 71.1% (Pearson, 11.666, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT3 32.9 and 84.6% (Pearson, 54.900, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT4 73.3 and 95.7% (Pearson, 7.916, df = 1; p = 0.005) respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the computed tomography according to the standard protocol for determining the T-stage of gastric cancer was 28.4%, computed tomographic pneumogastrography 77.1% (Pearson, 113.505, df = 1; p 0.001). Computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy significantly increases the indicators of the effectiveness of diagnosing gastric cancer both early forms (category T1) and with deeper invasion (categories T2T4), demonstrates high sensitivity in determining T/yT-stages.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Numerical Simulation of Intracranial Aneurysm for Sectional Anatomy Based on Computed Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1957-1962
Author(s):  
Xuefei Deng ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Qingling Meng ◽  
Danning Cao ◽  
Quan Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Intracranial Artery ◽  
Sectional Anatomy

Objective: The mortality of rebleeding after ruptured intracranial aneurysms was more than 40%. It is essential to identify the intracranial artery in sectional anatomy. However, it is difficult for students to understand the intracranial artery in the section. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the application effect of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and numerical simulation of intracranial aneurysm for sectional anatomy based on computed tomography angiography (CTA). Method: Sixty students in medical imaging specialty of our university were divided into two groups. The control group was taught with conventional sectional anatomy and CT images, while the observation group was taught with 3D reconstruction and numerical simulation of intracranial aneurysm. The teaching characteristics and teaching effects were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Result: The 3D reconstruction can accurately express the size, direction, and adjacent relationship of aneurysms. Through rotation of the 3D image, students can easily understand the name and location of cerebral arteries. Combined with the function of 3D positioning, each blood vessel can automatically and accurately locate in the transverse, coronal, and sagittal plane. Abnormal wall shear stress was easily found in the intersection of cerebral artery circle, which was the physiological basis for the occurrence of aneurysms. There was a high shear zone in the root of an aneurysm, which was the physiological factor of rupture. The scores of sectional specimen identification, drawing examination, and theoretical assessment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The 3D reconstruction and numerical simulation can directly display the 3D morphological and physiological characteristics of intracranial aneurysms, which is convenient for students to understand and memorize. It can reach a good teaching effect in sectional anatomy.

scholarly journals Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction of the Mandibular Condyle

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Schlueter ◽  
Ki Beom Kim ◽  
Donald Oliver ◽  
Gus Sortiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Linear Measurements

Abstract Objective: To determine the ideal window level and width needed for cone beam computed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the condyle. Materials and Methods: Linear dimensions were measured with a digital caliper to assess the anatomic truth for 50 dry human mandibular condyles. Condyles were scanned with the i-CAT cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D-models were reconstructed. Three linear three-dimensional measurements were made on each of the 50 condyles at 8 different Hounsfield unit (HU) windows. These measurements were compared with the anatomic truth. Volumetric measurements were also completed on all 50 condyles, at 23 different window levels, to define the volumetric distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) within the condyle. Results: Significant differences were found in two of the three linear measurement groups at and below the recommended viewing window for osseous structures. The most accurate measurements were made within the soft tissue range for HU window levels. Volumetric distribution measurements revealed that the condyles were mostly comprised of low-density bone, and that condyles exhibiting significant changes in linear measurements were shown to have higher percentages of low-density bone than those condyles with little change from the anatomic truth. Conclusions: CBCT assessment of the mandibular condyle, using the 3D reconstruction, is most accurate when accomplished at density levels below that recommended for osseous examination. However, utilizing lower window levels which extend into the soft tissue range, may compromise one's capacity to view the bony topography.

Design of a fully integrated three-dimensional computed tomography simulator and preliminary clinical evaluation

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Perez ◽  
James A. Purdy ◽  
William Harms ◽  
Russell Gerber ◽  
John Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fully Integrated

scholarly journals Relation between mandibular third molar and mandibular canal as assessed by three-dimensional Computed tomographic reconstruction.

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori TANAKA ◽  
Kei MURAKAMI ◽  
Tsuyoshi KISHIDA ◽  
Takatoshi ITOH ◽  
Yasuhiko MORITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar

Three-dimensional Computed Tomographic Cranial Base Measurements for Improvement of Surgical Approaches to the Petrous Carotid Artery and Apex Regions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan T. Villavicencio ◽  
Jean-Christophe Leveque ◽  
Ketan R. Bulsara ◽  
Allan H. Friedman ◽  
Linda Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Petrous Apex ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Preoperative Information

Abstract OBJECTIVE The bony and vascular anatomic features in the region of the petrous apex can vary significantly. These variations affect the operative view obtained via extended subtemporal or anterior transpetrosal approaches to cranial base lesions for individual patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional computed tomography as a means of obtaining detailed preoperative anatomic information regarding bony and vascular landmarks and spatial relationships in the region of the petrous carotid artery and petrous apex. METHODS We radiographically studied 15 patients (30 sides), using 0.8- to 1-mm-thick, reconstructed, computed tomographic images. Special attention was given to the course of the petrous carotid artery. RESULTS The petrous carotid artery was located lateral to the trigeminal impression. The size of the petrous apex medial to the horizontal petrous carotid artery was observed to be variable. The width of bone from the trigeminal impression to the wall of the internal auditory canal averaged 9.6 mm (range, 5.2–16.1 mm). A variable amount of bone overlying the internal auditory canal (4.5 mm) was also present. Multiple other relationships among key landmarks were quantified. CONCLUSION There is significant variability in the anatomic features of the petrous apex among patients. For each patient, detailed preoperative information regarding the amount of bone to be removed during a cranial base procedure can be obtained using three-dimensional computed tomography. This information may be critical for determination of the amount of extra exposure that can be achieved via an anterior petrosectomy for each patient.

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