scholarly journals Resistensi Aedes aegypti Terhadap Insektisida: Studi pada Insektisida Rumah Tangga

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Suri Dwi Lesmana ◽  
Esy Maryanti ◽  
Lilly Haslinda ◽  
Afiata Jazila ◽  
Mislindawati Mislindawati
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Continuous Use

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a public health problem in Pekanbaru. It is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The use of insecticides to kill vectors is a common practice. It is often used in outbreaks by fogging and daily use of insecticides in households. Household insecticides contain a variety of active ingredients such as organophosphates, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids, and their combinations. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from various household insecticides. This research was descriptive research by conducting a susceptibility test from World Health Organization. Adult mosquitoes were obtained from the breeding of larvae collected from dengue-endemic areas in Pekanbaru. Three types of insecticides are widely distributed in the market consisting of insecticides X with the active ingredient cypermethrin, transfluthrin, and imiprothrin, insecticide Y containing transfluthrin, and insecticide Z containing pralethrin and sifluthrin. Each insecticide was exposed to an adult mosquito by applying insecticides to filter paper and exposed for 1 hour and observed after 24 hours. The death of mosquitoes in the three types of insecticides is less than 80%. Based on the WHO criteria mortality of less than 80% showed a resistant mosquito. This tendency of resistance is probably caused by long-term continuous use.

scholarly journals KEPADATAN NYAMUK DEWASA Aedes Sp DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG I KECAMATAN MALALAYANG MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – PEBRUARI 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Victor D. Pijoh ◽  
Venny Kareth
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Culex Sp

Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has become a public health problem in Indonesia because of its high prevalence and ability to spread more widely. In North Sulawesi itself Case Fatality Rate of carrying dengue is increasing from year to year. The local village Malalayang has a high potential for spreading this disease. The result of an  entomology survey on adult mosquitos showed that Aedes sp was found in 40 houses of 80 house samples. From these 40 houses we got 71 mosquito samples. From these 71 samples tested and identified, we found three species: Aedes aegypti (30 samples, 42.25%), Aedes albopictus (22 samples, 30.99%), and Culex sp (19 samples, 26.76%). Mosquito density can be seen from the indices of the resting rates, which were 0.375 for Aedes aegypti, 0.275 for Aedes albopictus, and 0.65 for Aedes sp. Key words: density, adult mosquito, Aedes sp., resting rate.   Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena prevalensinya yang tinggi dan penyebarannya semakin luas. Di Sulawesi Utara, Case Fatality Rate penyakit DBD tercatat terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kelurahan Malalayang I merupakan daerah yang potensial sebagai daerah penyebaran DBD. Survei entomologi terhadap nyamuk dewasa Aedes sp pada 80 rumah  memperlihatkan bahwa 40 diantaranya terdapat 71 sampel nyamuk. Setelah diperiksa dan diidentifikasi ternyata ditemukan tiga spesies yaitu Aedes aegypti 30 sampel (42,25%), Aedes albopictus 22 sampel (30,99%) dan Culex sp 19 (26,76%). Kepadatan nyamuk  dapat dilihat  dari angka indeks  pada resting rate yaitu Aedes aegypti = 0,375 , Aedes albopictus = 0,275 dan  Aedes sp.= 0,65. Kata kunci:  kepadatan, nyamuk dewasa, Aedes sp., resting rate.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological characterization of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in northeastern, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti ◽  
Ivo Castelo Branco Coelho ◽  
Dina Cortez Lima Feitosa Vilar ◽  
Susana Glória Silveira Holanda ◽  
Kiliana Nogueira Farias da Escóssia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Care Structure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

INTRODUCTION: The dengue hemorrhagic dengue (DHF) remains an important public health problem in Brazil. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of DHF cases during the 2003 epidemic in Ceará. METHODS: Suspected DHF cases with onset of symptoms between January and December 2003 were investigated. RESULTS: 37,964 classic dengue cases and 291 DHF cases were reported. Among the cases discarded, 75.5% were serologically positive but did not meet the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The DHF patients' median age was 30 years (2 - 88). Among the hemorrhagic manifestations, petechiae were the most (32.6%) frequent. Cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, pericardial pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, hypotension and shock showed higher risk of progression to death (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of a new serotype (DENV-3) in Ceará, which encountered a susceptible population and high vector density, may have been the primary agent responsible for the magnitude of the epidemic. Timely and appropriate medical care, along with an organized care structure are essential for reducing its lethality.

scholarly journals Nonpharmacological Self-Management of Migraine Across Social Locations: An Equity-Oriented, Qualitative Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 216495611985803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna R Befus ◽  
Sharon Hull ◽  
Justine Strand de Oliveira ◽  
Gillian Sanders Schmidler ◽  
Morris Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Background Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder and the sixth biggest cause of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization has declared migraine a major public health problem due to a paucity of knowledge about cause and effective treatment options. Both in incidence and severity, migraine disproportionately affects people occupying marginalized social locations (SL). Managed pharmacologically, migraine is treated with daily preventive and as-needed abortive medications. Both come with high literal and figurative costs: intolerable side effects, medication interactions, and prohibitive prices. Cost prohibitive, ineffective, and unsustainable pharmacological treatment options have contributed to high levels of interest in complementary approaches by people with migraine, but little is known about their motivations, patterns of use or access, or how these may vary by SL. Method We conducted focus groups with 30 people with migraine to explore their desires and recommendations for migraine clinicians and researchers. We used qualitative content analysis to identify themes. Outcomes: We identified 4 themes: a more holistic, collaborative, long-term treatment approach; medication as a short-term solution; high personal and economic costs of medication; and desire for more information and access to natural approaches. Across SL, participants expressed keen interest in integrative approaches and wanted better access to complementary modalities. Participants in marginalized SL described reliance on traditional/folk remedies, including engagement with family and community healers, who they described as more affordable and culturally accessible. Conclusions Holistic and integrative approaches were preferred over medication as long-term migraine management strategies. However, people in marginalized SL, while disproportionately disabled by migraine, did not feel as comfortable accessing integrative approaches through currently available channels. Engaging with these communities and using a critical lens to explore barriers to access can develop options to make complementary modalities more approachable, while also attending to systemic blind spots that may unintentionally alienate socially marginalized groups.

scholarly journals Filariasis Diagnosed by Real Time Sonographic Imaging as Filarial Dance Sign: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Sumiran Shrestha ◽  
R. Shrestha ◽  
S. Gokhale
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Male Resident ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Health Organization

 Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem. World Health Organization (WHO) has graded filariasis, as the second leading cause for permanent and long-term disability after leprosy. It is a chronic disabling parasitic disease prevalent in South Asia and Africa. A case of 26-year-old male resident of district Palpa presented with swelling of left inguinal region since 3-4 days and pain in inguinal region since a month. He had no history of trauma, fever or any other systemic symptoms. High frequency, high-resolution scrotal ultrasonography is a valuable technique for diagnosing scrotal filarial infection. This method revealed “Filarial Dance Sign” which is a distinctive and continuous pattern of movement of live microfilaria indicating active infection. It is a simple, rapid, sensitive and noninvasive technique. Noninvasive ultrasonography is preferable to the invasive FNAC.

scholarly journals O Aedes Aegypti e a Dengue: Aspectos Gerais e Panorama da Dengue no Brasil e no Mundo

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Luciana Dias Lemes de Vargas ◽  
Darlene Miranda de Freitas ◽  
Bruna Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Mari Rose de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Marcelo Dias de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
General Aspects

A dengue, transmitida através da picada do mosquito Aedes Aegypti, é considerada uma doença endêmica e com disseminação mundial, podendo evoluir, de forma branda a grave, e até mesmo letal. Os países, com clima tropical, quente e úmido, como o Brasil, possuem condições favoráveis e facilitadoras para a reprodução do seu vetor e aumento da cadeia de transmissibilidade e contaminação, tornando um sério problema de saúde pública. Diante deste cenário, o propósito deste estudo foi sintetizar as informações disponíveis sobre o Aedes aegypti e a dengue, abrangendo aspectos gerais da doença e o panorama da dengue no Brasil e no Mundo, a fim de compilar material educativo. Os estudos relacionados ao tema foram encontrados mediante busca na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e Embase. Também foram consultados documentos do Ministério da Saúde e Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre o manejo da dengue.  A dengue é um grave problema de saúde pública, com diversas condições facilitadoras de transmissão, quatro diferentes sorotipos, que propicia reinfecção, sem tratamento específico e nem vacina disponível. Dessa forma, o meio mais eficaz de evitar sua propagação é pela prevenção. Para isso, as pessoas em todo Mundo devem ter o conhecimento e informações necessárias sobre prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento, a fim de  evitar sua transmissão, disseminação e letalidade.     Palavras-chave: Dengue. Aedes aegypti. Aspectos Gerais. Saúde Pública.   Abstract Dengue, transmitted through the bite of  Aedes Aegypti mosquito, is considered an endemic disease with worldwide spread, and can evolve from mild to severe and even lethal. Countries with tropical, hot and humid climates, such as Brazil, have favorable and facilitating conditions for the reproduction of their vector and an increase in the transmissibility and contamination chain, making it a serious public health problem. Given this scenario, the purpose of this study was to synthesize the available information on Aedes aegypti and dengue, covering general aspects of the disease and the  dengue panorama in Brazil and in the world in order to compile educational material. The studies related to the theme were found by searching the Virtual Health Library, PubMed and Embase. Documents from the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization on dengue management were also consulted. Dengue is a serious public health problem, with several conditions that facilitate transmission, four different serotypes that provide reinfection, with no specific treatment and no vaccine available. Thus, the most effective way to prevent its spread is through prevention. Thus, people all over the world must have the necessary knowledge and information on prevention, diagnosis and treatment, in order to avoid its transmission, dissemination and lethality.   Keywords: Dengue. Aedes aegypti. General Aspects. Public Health.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BIOLARVICIDES POTENCIAL OF FRUIT SEEDS AND LEAF PAPAYA EXTRACTS (Carica papaya) ON Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Fidel Corona ◽  
Freggy Spicano Joprang
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Aedes aegypti is the major vector of dengue virus. Dengue virus can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF is dangerous because it can cause death. World Health Organization (WHO) noted Indonesia as state with the highest dengue cases in Southeast Asia. Effort to control A. aegypti vector that can be done is by using natural substances that have the effect of biolarvicides. This study aims to determine natural biolarvicides potencial of fruit seeds and leaf papaya (Carica papaya) extracts against A. aegypti larvae. Methods: This study was an experimental study and conducted in 2016 using two groups of samples with the design before and after intervention. Samples were A. aegypti larval instar III and IV with the number of 10 larvaeper concentration and 10 larvae of control for each types of extracts. The concentration used was 0 mg / L (control), 50 mg / L, 100 mg / L, and 150 mg / L for both types of extracts, then observed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, and 24 hours after exposure. Results: This study using Kruskal Wallis test, p value = 0.352. (P> 0.05) means there is no significant difference in the effect of biolarvicides concentration between the two types of extracts that used to the number of dead larvae of A. aegypti. Conclusion: Fruit seeds and leaf papaya extracts (C. Papaya L.) with concentrations of 50 mg / L, 100 mg/ L, and 150 mg / L are not effective to kill the larvae of A. aegypti. Other studies show concentrations above 21.9 ppm of leaf extract and 442 ppm of fruit seed extract can effectively kill larvae, therefore future studies are needed to determine effective extract concentrations to kill the larvae of A. aegypti.

Difusi dan Pola Spasial Sebaran Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Kota Bandar Lampung

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Nurul Qamila ◽  
Agel Vidian Krama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Descriptive Method

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a contagious disease caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Aa.aegypti). The population is still a public health problem that increases the number of sufferers and also widespread, with population and education. This study aims to reveal the spatial pattern and distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the spatial pattern and the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can result in different locations of these allegations. From the map that can be used for the prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) in Bandar Lampung City. This study aims to reveal the spatial pattern and distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the descriptive method and spatial pattern of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can result in different locations of these allegations. From the map that can be used for the prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) in Bandar Lampung City. Keywords: DHF, Spatial Analysis

Study of the efficacy of Pathadi Ghanavati with Lajamanda in the management of Aamatisara

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Jadhav ◽  
P. D. Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Loose Motion ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Trial Drug

Acute Diarrhoea is an important public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that there are more than 1000 million cases of Acute Diarrhoea. Loose motion less than 2 weeks that labelled as Acute Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is described in Ayurvedic classics with the name of ‘Atisara’. It means passing of excessive flow of watery stool through anus. Most important factor in the pathogenesis of Aamatisara is Mandagni. In present study 50 patients of Aamatisara were selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa department. For the clinical study Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda was selected as the trial drug which was given for the duration of 7 days in the dose of 1gm twice a day. It was observed that 32% patients were from the age group 51-60 years, 70% were females, 62% were from lower-middle socio economic class. Sama Jivha was found in all the patients. Among results loose motion showed 98.75% relief, 97.82% showed improvement in Udarashoola, 97.43% improvement in Agnimandya and Daurbalya each, 100% relief was seen in Aruchi. All the symptoms showed highly significant results. Hence it can be concluded that Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda is very effective remedy in the patients of Aamatisara.

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales among elderly residents in long-term care facilities with joint contractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-chang Chen ◽  
Keh-chung Lin ◽  
Chen-Jung Chen ◽  
Shu-Hui Yeh ◽  
Ay-Woan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
World Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Joint contractures, which affect activity, participation, and quality of life, are common complications of neurological conditions among elderly residents in long-term care facilities. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales in a population with joint contractures. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample included elderly residents older than 64 years with joint contractures in an important joint who had lived at one of 12 long-term care facilities in Taiwan for more than 6 months (N = 243). The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales for joint contractures was generated from the English version through five stages: translation, review, back-translation, review by a panel of specialists, and a pretest. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were evaluated, and the results were compared with those for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Results The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales had excellent reliability, with a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.975 (mean score, 28.98; standard deviation, 17.34). An exploratory factor analysis showed three factors and one factor with an eigenvalue > 1 that explained 75.176 and 62.83 % of the total variance in the Activity subscale and Participation subscale, respectively. The subscale-to-total scale correlation analysis showed Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.881 for the Activity subscale and 0.843 for the Participation subscale. Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule was 0.770, whereas that for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale was − 0.553; these values were interpreted as large coefficients. Conclusions The underlying theoretical model of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales functions well in Taiwan and has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. However, the Chinese version must be further tested for applicability and generalizability in future studies, preferably with a larger sample and in different clinical domains.

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