ASSESSMENT OF AGRO CLIMATIC RESOURCES AND NATURAL WATER SUPPLY OF THE SANAA BASIN AREA

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
A. S. ISAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
Basin Area

The aim of the study is to study the possibility of obtaining agricultural products from non-irrigated lands in arid climatic conditions of mountain areas, depending on the natural moisture supply. The possibility of assessing the natural moisture supply on the basis of average long-term precipitation, conditional indicators of annual natural atmospheric moisture and the water balance equation is considered. However, with current hydrological knowledge of the Sanaa basin area in the absence of the necessary data for calculating the water balance of the productive soils, there is proposed the a methodology for assessment of components of water balance and calculation of natural moisture provision of arable landson the level of «black box» with an accuracy sufficient for assessment of land productivity under natural moistening and a possibility of intensification of dry farming.

scholarly journals Field monitoring and model predicted water balance of monolithic cover

2021 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Md Jobair Bin Alam ◽  
Asif Ahmed ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Naima Rahman ◽  
Md Sahadat Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Field Water Balance

The use of the evapotranspiration cover for landfill is increasing because of its long-term enhanced performance. However, the performance of evapotranspiration cover primarily depends on the onsite geo-climatic conditions. Therefore, field verification of cover performance through constructed test plots is required before actual implementation. Additionally, numerical modeling and comparison with field results are necessary for future performance prediction. The objective of this study was to simulate the water balance hydrology of evapotranspiration cover using the code SEEP/W. Drainage lysimeter was constructed with fine-grained soil and native vegetation. Field water balance data from the lysimeter were obtained through instrumentation. Onsite climatological data, laboratory and field investigated soil parameters and actual field studied plant parameters were used as model input. Based on one year’s simulation, it was observed that the code nearly captured the seasonal variations in the water balance quantities measured in the field. Surface runoff was reasonably predicted in the model where precipitation intensity appeared to be responsible to some extent. Evapotranspiration was slightly overpredicted and the fluctuation in soil water storage was similar to the field results. The model predicted annual percolation was approximately 45 mm, which is under-predicted than the actual field measured annual percolation of 62 mm.

scholarly journals Modeling water balance using the Budyko framework over variable timescales under diverse climates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhao Wu ◽  
Pat J.-F. Yeh ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Bill X. Hu ◽  
Guoru Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Modeling Errors

Abstract. Understanding the effects of climate and catchment characteristics on overall water balance at different temporal scales remains a challenging task due to the large spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability. Based on a long-term (1960–2008) land surface hydrologic dataset over China, this study presented a systematic examination of the applicability of the Budyko model (BM) under various climatic conditions at long-term mean annual, annual, seasonal and monthly temporal scales. The roles of water storage change (WSC, dS/dt) in water balance modeling and the dominant climate control factors on modeling errors of BM are investigated. The results indicate that BM performs well at mean annual scale and the performance in arid climates is better than humid climates. At other smaller timescales, BM is generally accurate in arid climates, but fails to capture dominant controls on water balance in humid climates due to the effects of WSC not included in BM. The accuracy of BM can be ranked from high to low as: dry seasonal, annual, monthly, and wet seasonal timescales. When WSC is incorporated into BM by replacing precipitation (P) with effective precipitation (i.e., P minus WSC), significant improvements are found in arid climates, but to a lesser extent in humid climates. The ratio of the standard deviation of WSC to that of evapotranspiration (E), which increases from arid to humid climates, is found to be the key indicator of the BM simulation errors due to the omission of the effect of WSC. The modeling errors of BM are positively correlated with the temporal variability of WSC and hence larger in humid climates, and also found to be proportional to the ratio of potential evapotranspiration (PET) to E. More sophisticated models than the BM which explicitly incorporate the effect of WSC are required to improve water balance modeling in humid climates particularly at all the annual, seasonal, and monthly timescales.

FEATURES OF NATURAL HYDRATION BY THE TYPES OF ARABLE LAND LOCATIONS OF THE SANAA BASIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
A. S. ISAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Alluvial Sediments ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Intermountain Basin ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Relief Element

The aim of the study is to study the possibility of obtaining agricultural products from dry lands in arid climatic conditions of mountain areas, depending on natural moisture availability. The concept of types of arable land locations was introduced. The entire variety of locations of arable land in the Sanaa basin is divided into five types of locations depending on the location of a particular one or another form and relief element. The characteristics of the types of locations of the main wadi, intermountain basin, plain and other forms of relief of the Sanaa basin are given. The methodology for assessing the natural moisture availability of the types of locations of arable land of the main landforms was developed. Based on the materials of experimental field work on drain-forming sites and literary sources, the values of the runoff coefficients of the exits of indigenous rocks, loose eluvial, deluvial-proluvial and alluvial sediments of arable lands were determined and adopted for the calculation of natural moisture availability.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Surface Water Budget of the La Plata Basin

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengge Su ◽  
Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Moisture Convergence ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
La Plata ◽  
La Plata Basin

Abstract The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface hydrology model forced by gridded observed precipitation and temperature for the period 1979–99 is used to simulate the land surface water balance of the La Plata basin (LPB). The modeled water balance is evaluated with streamflow observations from the major tributaries of the LPB. The spatiotemporal variability of the water balance terms of the LPB are then evaluated using offline VIC model simulations, the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40), and inferences obtained from a combination of these two. The seasonality and interannual variability of the water balance terms vary across the basin. Over the Uruguay River basin and the entire LPB, precipitation (P) exceeds evapotranspiration (E) and the basins act as a moisture sink. However, the Paraguay River basin acts as a net source of moisture in dry seasons (strong negative P − E). The annual means and monthly time series of ERA-40 P are in good agreement with gauge observations over the entire LPB and its subbasins, except for the Uruguay basin. The E estimates from VIC and inferred from the ERA-40 atmospheric moisture budget are consistent in both seasonal and interannual variations over the entire LPB, but large discrepancies exist between the two E estimates over the subbasins. The long-term mean of atmospheric moisture convergence P − E agrees well with observed runoff R for the upper Paraná River basin, whereas the imbalance is large (28%) for the Uruguay basin—possibly because of its small size. Major problems appear over the Paraguay basin with negative long-term mean of atmospheric moisture convergence P − E, which is not physically realistic. The computed precipitation recycling in the LPB (for L = 500 km) exhibits strong seasonal and spatial variations with ratios of 0%–3% during the cold season and 5%–7% during the warm season.

Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baronas ◽  
F. Ivanauskas ◽  
I. Juodeikienė ◽  
A. Kajalavičius
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Finite Difference Technique ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

DROUGHT OCCURRENCE UNDER LITHUANIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laima TAPARAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Veronika LUKŠEVIČIŪTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Calculation Step ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
June July

This study provides the analysis of drought conditions of vegetation period in 1982-2014 year in two Lithuanian regions: Kaunas and Telšiai. To identify drought conditions the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied. SPI was calculated using the long-term precipitation record of 1982–2014 with in-situ meteorological data. Calculation step of SPI was taken 1 month considering only vegetation period (May, June, July, August, September). The purpose of investigation was to evaluate the humidity/aridity of vegetation period and find out the probability of droughts occurrence under Lithuanian climatic conditions. It was found out that according SPI results droughts occurred in 14.5 % of all months in Kaunas region and in 15.8 % in Telšiai region. Wet periods in Kaunas region occurred in 15.8 %, and in Telšiai region occurrence of wet periods was – 18.8 % from all evaluated months. According SPI evaluation near normal were 69.7 % of total months during period of investigation in Kaunas and respectively – 65.5 % in Telšiai. The probability for extremely dry period under Lithuania climatic conditions are pretty low – 3.0 % in middle Lithuania and 2.4 % in western part of Lithuania.

Socioeconomic Challenges faced by Basin’s People in India

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Biplab Tripathy ◽  
Tanmoy Mondal
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
High Tide ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Major River ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
Basin Area

India is a subcontinent, there huge no of people lived in river basin area. In India there more or less 80% of people directly or indirectly depend on River. Ganga, Brahamputra in North and North East and Mahanadi, Govabori, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmoda, Tapti, Mahi in South are the major river basin in India. There each year due to flood and high tide lots of people are suffered in river basin region in India. These problems destroy the socio economic peace and hope of the people in river basin. There peoples are continuously suffered by lots of difficulties in sort or in long term basis. Few basin regions are always in high alert at the time of monsoon seasons. Sometime due to over migration from basin area, it becomes empty and creates an ultimate loss of resources in India and causes a dis-balance situation in this area.

HOUSEHOLD WATER BALANCE AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER VOLUME FOR IRRIGATION IN AGRO LANDSCAPES OF THE KYZYLSU-YUZHNAYA BASIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
D.KH. DOMULLODZHANOV ◽  
◽  
R. RAHMATILLOEV
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Household Water ◽  
And Storage

The article presents the results of the field studies and observations that carried out on the territory of the hilly, low-mountain and foothill agro landscapes of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya (Kyzylsu-Southern) River Basin of Tajikistan. Taking into account the high-altitude location of households and the amount of precipitation in the river basin, the annual volumes of water accumulated with the use of low-cost systems of collection and storage of precipitation have been clarified. The amount of water accumulated in the precipitation collection and storage systems has been established, the volume of water used for communal and domestic needs,the watering of livestock and the amount of water that can be used to irrigate crops in the have been determined. Possible areas of irrigation of household plots depending on the different availability of precipitation have been determined. It has been established that in wet years (with precipitation of about 10%) the amount of water collected using drip irrigation will be sufficient for irrigation of 0.13 hectares, and in dry years (with 90% of precipitation) it will be possible to irrigate only 0.03 ha of the household plot. On the basis of the basin, the total area of irrigation in wet years can be 4497 ha, and in dry years only 1087 ha. Taking into account the forecasts of population growth by 2030 and an increase in the number of households, the total area of irrigation of farmlands in wet years may reach 5703 hectares,and in dry years – 1379 hectares. Growing crops on household plots under irrigation contributes to a significant increase in land productivity and increases the efficiency of water use of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya basin.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

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