Legal regulation of crop seed with weed seeds in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Popchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Crop Seed

The quality control of crop seed lots for the content of weed seeds for sale in Canada, export or import is carried out the basis of two legislative acts: the Seed Regulations and the Weed Seeds Order. The Seed Regulations contain information about sampling of various crops and requirements for seeds depending on the culture and crop seeds class. The Weed Seeds Order contains list of divided into classes of noxious weed species, whose seeds are counted in seed lots of agricultural crops.

A Containment Facility for Research on Foreign Noxious Weeds

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Creager
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Noxious Weeds ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
American Agriculture

Two conventional greenhouses were modified into a containment facility for the study of foreign noxious weed species that could be dangerous to North American agriculture. The facility was designed for research on the biology, ecology, and weed control technology of foreign noxious weeds, without the escape of propagules. Two growth chambers and a germinator are located within the containment facility for evaluations under controlled environmental conditions. A standard operating procedure is followed to preclude the escape of weed seeds or propagules while minimizing restrictions to research. The facilities are locked and located in a secure fenced area to reduce the probability of accidental or intentional damage. Procedures for emergencies have been designed to facilitate aid without compromising the containment security. Knowledge concerning weeds that have the potential to threaten North American agriculture will be gained from research performed within this facility.

scholarly journals ENDOZOOCHORY - THE SOURCE OF WEDDING OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Valentin Ciontu ◽  
Daniel Jalobă ◽  
Mihaela Șerban ◽  
Victor Petcu ◽  
Marga Grădilă
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Pass Through

"One of the most important sources of weed infestation in agricultural crops is related to manure applied as biological fertilizer, when livestock growers don`t process it and don`t store it in order to be weeds - free. In manure there are lot of weed seeds from animal fodder, livestock bedding and also from animal excrements. On the pasture, when grazing fresh food, animals eat also the inflorescences with weed seeds. Ones of these seeds could pass through the digestive tract of animals while keeping their ability to germinate. The aim of this study was to record the weed species that can cross over the digestive tract without losing their germination, to note which weed species are more adapted to do this, which animal species are able to perform the endozoochory process and under what environmental conditions. Trials were conducted under laboratory conditions. The content of excrements taken from four animals species (cattle, goats, sheep, horses), from four distinct South – East areas in period 2019-2020, were mixed with sterilized soil and put to germinate under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Following the assessments, weed seeds were found to be able to cross over the digestive tract of animals maintaining their germination. The highest frequency was in cattle and the lowest was in horses. There was at Pasărea where the largest number of weeds was found and animals grazed on untillaged land (hences, fallow lands). The dominant weed species were Setaria sp., Chenopodium sp., Amaranthus retroflexus and Polygonum aviculare."

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
George O. Kegode ◽  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Sharon Clay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Approaches to crop production that successfully reduce weed seed production can benefit farming systems by reducing management inputs and costs. A 5-yr rotation study was conducted in order to determine the effects that interactions between crop rotation, tillage, and amount of herbicide and fertilizer (management inputs) have on annual grass and broad-leaved weed seed production and fecundity. There were 10 crop rotation and tillage system combinations and three levels of management inputs (high, medium, and low). Green and yellow foxtail were the major weed species, and together they yielded between 76 and 93% of collected weed seeds. From 1990 to 1994, average grass weed seed productions were 7.3 by 103, 3.7 by 1036.1 by 103and 5.7 by 103seeds m−-2, whereas average broad-leaved weed seed productions were 0.4 by 103, 0.4 by 103, 1.4 by 103, and 0.4 by 103seeds m−-2in crop rotations using conventional tillage (moldboard plow), conservation tillage, no tillage, and ridge tillage, respectively. Crop rotations using conventional or ridge tillage consistently produced more grass and broad-leaved weed seeds, especially in low-input plots. There was little difference in weed seed production among input levels for crop rotations using conservation tillage. Comparing rotations that began and ended with a corn crop revealed that by increasing crop diversity within a rotation while simultaneously reducing the amount of tillage, significantly fewer grass and broad-leaved weed seeds were produced. Among the rotations, grass and broad-leaved weed fecundity were highly variable, but fecundity declined from 1990 to 1994 within each rotation, with a concomitant increase in grass and broad-leaved weed density over the same period. Crop rotation in combination with reduced tillage is an effective way of limiting grass and broad-leaved weed seed production, regardless of the level of management input applied.

Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South East Asia ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Murdannia Nudiflora ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Specialist Group

Abstract M. nudiflora is classified as one of the world's worst weeds by Holm et al. (1977), infesting no less than 16 crops in 23 countries. It is a major weed species in rice and other crops (Moody, 1989), and is a moderately invasive weed species both in agricultural crops and non-agricultural areas in South and South-east Asia (Waterhouse, 1993). Its special ability to root easily at the nodes, propagating clonally through cut stems and dispersal during tillage and land preparation make this weed difficult to control. This trait coupled with its ability to adapt and survive a wide ecological window of soil types, pH, moisture availability and soil drainage makes M. nudiflora a weed to watch for potential spread into new areas in near future, and a species under the 'alert list' by the Invasive Species Specialist Group. Oliveira Pellegrini et al. (2016) recognize M. nudiflora as one of two Murdannia species invasive in the Neotropics.

The issues of controlling the use of chemical reagents to ensure the safety and efficiency of oil production, treatment and transportation

2021 ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Ильназ Ильфарович Хасбиуллин ◽  
Антон Анатольевич Шматков
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
State Level ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Chemical Reagents

Химические реагенты активно используются в нефтяной отрасли для решения практических задач и совершенствования технологических процессов. При этом на сегодняшний день в России не определен единый, регламентированный нормативно-правовым документом надлежащей юридической силы, порядок применения и контроля качества химических реагентов при добыче, сборе, подготовке и трубопроводном транспорте нефти. С целью обоснования необходимости совершенствования технического регулирования в указанной области проведен анализ нормативно-правовой базы, требований к данному виду химической продукции, процедуры ее сертификации, правил и порядка допуска к применению. Установлено, что в настоящее время использование химических реагентов в нефтяной отрасли почти в полной мере регулируется внутренними нормативными документами компаний - потребителей этих химических веществ, что имеет издержки и недостаточно для эффективного функционирования системы технического регулирования в рассматриваемой области. Представляется целесообразным вернуться к ранее существовавшей практике общего нормативно-правового регулирования применения химических реагентов в процессах добычи, сбора, подготовки и трубопроводного транспорта нефти, а также обязательной сертификации данного вида продукции. Необходимо продолжать деятельность по обеспечению эффективности и безопасности применения химических реагентов: совершенствовать нормативную базу и систему контроля качества, разрабатывать новые методики испытаний и инструкции по применению. Все эти меры должны реализовываться не только на отраслевом, но и на государственном уровне. Chemical reagents are actively used in the oil industry to solve practical problems and improve processes. At the same time, Russia currently has no unified procedure for the use and quality control of chemical reagents in the production, collection, preparation, and pipeline transportation of oil that is regulated by a legal document of proper legal force. In order to substantiate the need to improve technical regulation in this sphere, analysis of the regulatory and legal framework, the requirements established for this type of chemical product, the procedure for its certification, rules and procedures for admission to use has been conducted. It has been established that currently the use of chemical reagents in the oil industry is almost fully regulated by the internal regulatory documents of companies that consume these chemicals, which incurs costs and is insufficient for the effective functioning of the technical regulation system in the industry under consideration. It seems appropriate to return to the previously existing practice of full legal regulation of the use of chemical reagents in the processes of oil production, collection, preparation, and pipeline transportation, as well as mandatory certification for this type of product. It is necessary to continue activities to ensure efficiency and safety of the chemical reagent use: to improve the regulatory framework and quality control system, to develop new test methods and usage instructions. All these measures need to be implemented not only at the industry but also at the state level.

Quality Control in the Development of Transgenic Crop Seed Products

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hogan Mumm ◽  
Donald S. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Transgenic Crop ◽  
Crop Seed

scholarly journals Poecilus lucublandus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Pterostichus mutus Do Not Feed on Hair Fescue, Red Sorrel, and Poverty Oatgrass Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M M C Loureiro ◽  
G Christopher Cutler ◽  
Vilis O Nams ◽  
Scott N White
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Poecilus Lucublandus ◽  
Danthonia Spicata

Abstract Poecilus lucublandus (Say), Pterostichus mutus (Say), and Harpalus rufipes (De Geer) are abundant Carabidae in lowbush blueberry fields and may contribute to weed seed predation. We used laboratory no-choice test experiments to determine if these beetles feed on seeds of hair fescue (Festuca filiformis Pourr., Poales: Poaceae), poverty oatgrass (Danthonia spicata L.), and red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L., Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae), which are common weeds in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., Ericales: Ericaceae) fields. Poecilus lucublandus and P. mutus did not feed on seeds of the test weed species, but H. rufipes consumed on average over 30 seeds of each species. There are other weed seeds in blueberry fields that could be palatable to P. lucublandus and P. mutus, which warrants further research on the granivory potential of these important carabid species.

Smoke-Isolated Trimethylbutenolide Inhibits Seed Germination of Different Weed Species by Reducing Amylase Activity

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heino B. Papenfus ◽  
Manoj G. Kulkarni ◽  
Martin Pošta ◽  
Jeffrey F. Finnie ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
Smoke Water

Weeds pose a great problem to farmers worldwide, and controlling weeds demands a high input cost for herbicides and labor. Because of current environmental regulations, a limited number of herbicides are commercially available (with limited modes of action) to control weeds. Smoke water and the biologically active compounds isolated from smoke affect seed germination in a significant way. Smoke water (SW) and karrikinolide (KAR1, the germination stimulant isolated from smoke) have been tested extensively for their ability to promote seed germination in a vast array of plant species. In addition to KAR1, a germination inhibitor, trimethylbutenolide (TMB), was also isolated from plant-derived smoke. The effects of SW, KAR1, and TMB were tested on five major weed species of South Africa: fleabane, hairy wild lettuce, bugweed, spilanthes, and fameflower. Seeds of these weed species were subjected to 16/8 h light/dark conditions or to constant dark conditions at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 C and alternating 30/20 C. SW and KAR1significantly increased germination, whereas TMB significantly inhibited germination of these weed species. Furthermore, TMB treatment reduced the amylase activity of the tested weed seeds compared with the water control. These results indicate the possibility of manipulating germination of certain weed seeds by SW, KAR1, and TMB. Thus, smoke and smoke-isolated compounds could potentially be used in new weed management strategies.

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