scholarly journals Agrogenic evolution of organic matter in peat soils of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
A. S. Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Feed Crop

The influence of the groundwater level (GW), vegetable crop rotation and mineral fertilizers on the change in the composition of organic matter of medium-thick peat soil was determined. The study was conducted on lysimeters with an adjustable level (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 1–2.0 m) of groundwater occurrence; in a vegetable-feed crop rotation spread in time and space; under perennial grasses without prior cultivation of annual crops. It was established that in the arable layer (0.2 m) of peat soil, the bitumen content at GW level of 0.5 m was lower by 1.65% than at a depth of 1.0 m, and by 4.34% than at a depth of 1.5 m. The maximum amount of water-soluble substances (5.68%) and substances hydrolyzable by 2% HCl (34.25%) was established at GW level of 0.5 m. It was 1.2 and 3.4–3.8% higher than at groundwater level of 1–1.5 m, respectively. With GW level of 1.5 m, the amount of humic acids decreased by 4.5% compared to their occurrence at a depth of 0.5 m. The amount of fulvic acids in the arable layer depends on the GW level (r = 0.79). The content of substances hardly hydrolyzable by 80% H2SO4 in the arable layer decreased from 2.82 to 2.31% with an increase in groundwater depth from 0.5 to 1.5 m. It was observed that the amount of lignin decreased with an increase in groundwater depth from 0.5 (6.66%) to 1.5 m (5.30%). Five- year cultivation of crops in the vegetable-feed crop rotation did not lead to significant changes in the composition of the organic matter of peat. Grassing of peat soils with perennial grasses without sowing pre-crops ensures preservation of peat organic matter and prevents its substantial transformation. Mineral fertilizers reduce the rate of accumulation of hardly-hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable forms due to more severe oxidative-hydrolytic conditions in the soil and because of an increase in the amount of fresh plant material as a result of crop and root residues.

scholarly journals Composition of organic matter in peat soils of the northern trans-Urals depending on groundwater level

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Iglovikov ◽  
Alexander Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Groundwater Occurrence

The paper presents the results of lysometric studies of the composition of organic matter of peat soils depending on the level of groundwater occurrence. It is established that the amount of bitumen in the arable layer (0.2 m) of medium-power peat soil at 0.5 m ground water level (UGV) is less by 1.65 % than at the depth of 1.0 m and by 4.34 % at 1.5 m. There is no specific dependence on the UHW downstream of the soil profile. The increase of groundwater depth from 0.5 to 1.5 m reduces the amount of water-soluble and easily hydrolyzed substances in the arable layer at 100 °C from 5.68 to 4.48 %. At the groundwater level of 0.5 m, the maximum presence (34.25 %) of substances hydrolysable by 2 % HCl was determined, which is 3.4–3.8 % higher than at 1–1.5 m. The maximum amount of humic acids in peat soil (32.05 %) is set at 0.5 m CKD. In the arable layer, the excess is 4.5 % in comparison with one and a half meters of groundwater. The amount of fulvic acids practically does not depend on the groundwater table and is within the range of 17.7–17.9 %. With the same botanical composition of peat, the increase in the depth of groundwater occurrence from 0.5 to 1.5 m reduces the content of hard-tohydrolyze 80 % of H2SO4 substances in the arable layer from 2.82 to 2.31 %. The number of compounds difficult to hydrolyze with acid is represented by 46–52 % cellulose and does not depend on the level of groundwater. The presence of lignin in peat is several times higher than the cellulose content. There is a dependence of decrease in the lignin content at increase in depth of occurrence of ground waters from 0.5 m (6.63 %) to 1.5 m (5.23 %).

Modes of agricultural use, productivity and fertility of developed lowland peat soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Glubokovskih
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of crops in fodder crop rotation on dried peat soil are presented. A productive and agroecological assessment of crop rotation with various saturation with perennial grasses is given. The data on the reduction of peat reserves and changes in the agrochemical properties of the soil are presented.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

scholarly journals The influence of feed quality from peat soils on the productivity of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
A N Ulanov ◽  
V N Kovshova ◽  
O G Mokrushina ◽  
A V Smirnova ◽  
A L Glubokovskih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Livestock Products

Abstract In the context of the implementation of environmental, resource-saving systems of agriculture, research in the system of biogeocenosis is very relevant: soil – plant-feed-animal-livestock products. Peatlands and developed peat soils are a kind of environment for human activity in this system. As a result of many years of research, it was found that perennial grasses grown on peat soils have differences in chemical composition compared to plants grown on mineral soils. They contain more organic matter and raw protein. However, their digestibility of nutrients is lower than in herbs grown on mineral soils. Therefore, for a full-fledged balanced feeding of cows, the realization of the genetic potential of animal productivity, and the preservation of their health, scientifically-based diets are necessary, developed on the basis of bulky feeds obtained from peat and developed soils, with the introduction of appropriate feed additives in them.

scholarly journals The productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems depending on agricultural practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Izida Ilyinskaya ◽  
Emma Gaevaya
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Preservation Of Fertility

Field experiments were carried out in the Rostov region on the slope of ordinary chernozems in the system of contour-strip organization of the territory in 2011-2020. The aim of the research was the development of agrotechnical methods (design of crop rotation, the method of basic tillage and the background of fertilizers), which ensure high productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems and the preservation of fertility. The experiment included three factors: the design of the crop rotation, the method of the main tillage, the background of mineral fertilizers. It was found that, on average, for the period of research, the level of mineral nutrition has the greatest influence on the productivity of the crop rotation (83.9%), followed by the design of the crop rotation (14.9%). The influence of basic tillage is estimated at only 1.2%. It was found that the introduction of 20% of perennial grasses into the structure of crop rotation reduces soil washout by 19.5-27.7%, and an increase in the proportion of perennial grasses to 40% by 38.3-43.8%. The use of chisel tillage reduces washout by 15.6-24.2%, and with it the loss of humus. In the “C” crop rotation in all variants of the experiment, the humus content increased by 0.010.03%. It was revealed that the productivity of all the studied crop rotations changed under the influence of agrotechnical methods, reaching in the crop rotation “C” with 40% of perennial grasses and 60% of grain crops on average for the studied period the highest value of 3.53 t / ha of grain units, which is 9.3% higher than in the “B” crop rotation and 17.3% higher than in the “A” crop rotation.

scholarly journals Water-extractable organic matter in the profile of mineral and organic soils of Upper Dniester alluvial plane

2017 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Partyka T. ◽  
Hamkalo Z.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Labile Pool ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Content of cold water extracted organic matter (CWEOM) in organic and mineral soils of Upperdniester alluvial plane was estimated. The largest CWEOM content (mg∙100 g-1) in the upper (10 cm) soil layers was found in peat soils – 105-135, and the smallest – 20-30– in arable sod and meadow soils. The highest CWEOM content was found in the lower horizons of peat soil, where it reaches 290 mg∙100 g-1. Strong correlation (r=0.81 -0.99; P<0.05) between CWEOM and TOC was found. It indicates the presence of dynamic equilibrium in the SOM system that supports certain level of labile pool compounds – the main source of bioavailable materials and energy.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZERS DOSES IN GRAIN FALLOW CROP ROTATION LINK

1970 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
А. I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh. А. Ivanova ◽  
N. А. Tsyganova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

To assess the efficiency of spatial differentiation of the organic and mineral fertilizer rates in the grain-fallow rotation link the landscape field trial was established in 2013 at the Menkovo experimental station of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The object of study was a historically formed plot of arable land on a mild glacial origin slope of northwestern and western expositions with total area - 53.64 ha (including 47.3 ha of plowed field and 6.34 ha of hayland). The structure of the soil cover consists of a combination of small-contour complexes of light and medium-loamy varieties of soddy gleyed podzolic and gleyic soils. Parent rock is mainly represented by thin and medium loamy and clay sandy moraine underlying by glacial sandy loam on a depth of 75 – 120cm. Soils of medium fertility with plots of high and low fertility are dominated on plowed field. Five key plots of agromicrolandscape (AML) with different geochemical regimes have been selected. The impact of zonal and precision organo-mineral fertilizer system was studied in the "complete fallow – winter wheat – oats plus perennial grasses" crop rotation. Significant differentiation of the soil cover properties of arable land on a mild slope depending on the landscape and environmental conditions was established. The transition to precision agrochemical survey is relevant. The crop rotation link productivity within the five facies of the agricultural landscape varied from 4.98 to 8.68 t/ha in the variant without fertilizer application and from 7.59 to 14.6 t/ha in the variant with fertilizer application. The sufficiency of 1 kg NPK in the fertilizer application variant varied from 1.7 to 5.6 grain units. Sufficient grounds have not been revealed to explain this variability of the indicators only with the relief location and geochemical regime. The optimization of fertilizer rates with regard to specific geochemical regimes (an increase of 12% in AML and a decrease of 14% in AML due to the redistribution of organic and mineral fertilizers) provided increase the sufficiency of 1 kg NPK by 35 %. The methodological basis of such optimization induces a need to develop more detailed scientific argumentation.  

scholarly journals Sequential Extraction of Potentially Toxic Metals: Alteration of Method for Cu-Ni Polluted Peat Soil of Industrial Barren

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Marina V. Slukovskaya ◽  
Irina P. Kremenetskaya ◽  
Svetlana V. Drogobuzhskaya ◽  
Andrey I. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Fraction Composition ◽  
Metal Fraction

An evaluation of fraction composition and transformation of metal compounds emitted by metal ore processing enterprises and accumulated in soils is crucial for assessing the environmental risks of pollution and ecosystem benefit of remediation. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable sequential fractional procedure for metal pollutants for the peat soils matrix in the impact zone of a Cu-Ni smelter. Three experiment series were performed: (a) the study of the effect of ammonium acetate buffer pH in the range of 3.7–7.8 on the soil metal extraction; (b) the study of the effect of additional volume and frequency of soil treatment with solutions on the content of water-soluble, ammonium acetate extractable, and 0.1 N HNO3 extractable fractions; and, (c) the determination of the metal fraction composition in the modified technique. Soil treatment with ammonium acetate buffer with a pH range of 4.5–5.5 was the most appropriate for the determination of mobile compounds of Cu and other metals in highly polluted peat soil. Triple soil treatment with water and ammonium acetate is necessary for the complete extraction of the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions, respectively. Additionally, we propose a procedure of full extraction of the exchangeable metal fraction from peat soils while using single treatment with 0.1 N HNO3. This scheme allows evaluating geochemical mobility of metals and current environmental harm of polluted soils with a high content of organic matter.

scholarly journals Comparative bioenergy estimation of field crop rotations using perennial and annual grasses in the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
G. V. Ovsyannikova ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
S. A. Vasilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Rotation Sequence

Annual and perennial grasses are important not only as a source of green fodder, hay, silage, grass meal and haylage in feed production, but also as good forecrops, due to the ability to accumulate biological nitrogen in the soil (since it decreases the cost of mineral fertilizers), to disinfect the soil from micro zoo pests, to improve the physical condition of the soil (since it decreases soil density). Perennial grasses are also an important component of biologized crop rotations, since the amount of crop residues remaining in the soil after harvesting is several times greater than after winter crops. The field trials were conducted in 2009–2016 by the staff of the laboratory of row crop cultivation technology of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The experimental plot is located in the southern soil-climatic zone of the Rostov region (with insufficient and unstable moisture). The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem on loesslike loams, with 3.2% humus, neutral pH, and a high content of movable phosphorus and exchange potassium according to Machigin. The current paper has presented a bioenergetic estimation of grain (4-crop rotation sequence with annual grasses included) and biologized (8-crop rotation sequence with 25% perennial grasses) crop rotations. It has been established that nutrients’ amount per 1 ha of crop rotation area of biologized crop rotation is higher than in grain crop rotation on 22% of dry matter, on 40% of raw protein and on 39% of metabolic energy. Energy consumption per 1 kg of raw protein is lower on 27%.

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