EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZERS DOSES IN GRAIN FALLOW CROP ROTATION LINK

1970 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
А. I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh. А. Ivanova ◽  
N. А. Tsyganova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

To assess the efficiency of spatial differentiation of the organic and mineral fertilizer rates in the grain-fallow rotation link the landscape field trial was established in 2013 at the Menkovo experimental station of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The object of study was a historically formed plot of arable land on a mild glacial origin slope of northwestern and western expositions with total area - 53.64 ha (including 47.3 ha of plowed field and 6.34 ha of hayland). The structure of the soil cover consists of a combination of small-contour complexes of light and medium-loamy varieties of soddy gleyed podzolic and gleyic soils. Parent rock is mainly represented by thin and medium loamy and clay sandy moraine underlying by glacial sandy loam on a depth of 75 – 120cm. Soils of medium fertility with plots of high and low fertility are dominated on plowed field. Five key plots of agromicrolandscape (AML) with different geochemical regimes have been selected. The impact of zonal and precision organo-mineral fertilizer system was studied in the "complete fallow – winter wheat – oats plus perennial grasses" crop rotation. Significant differentiation of the soil cover properties of arable land on a mild slope depending on the landscape and environmental conditions was established. The transition to precision agrochemical survey is relevant. The crop rotation link productivity within the five facies of the agricultural landscape varied from 4.98 to 8.68 t/ha in the variant without fertilizer application and from 7.59 to 14.6 t/ha in the variant with fertilizer application. The sufficiency of 1 kg NPK in the fertilizer application variant varied from 1.7 to 5.6 grain units. Sufficient grounds have not been revealed to explain this variability of the indicators only with the relief location and geochemical regime. The optimization of fertilizer rates with regard to specific geochemical regimes (an increase of 12% in AML and a decrease of 14% in AML due to the redistribution of organic and mineral fertilizers) provided increase the sufficiency of 1 kg NPK by 35 %. The methodological basis of such optimization induces a need to develop more detailed scientific argumentation.  

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

Soil conditions and yield of repeatedly grown apple orchard depending on long-term fertilizer application

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
P. H. Kopytko ◽  
◽  
R. V. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Impact

The issue of scientifically sound fertilizer application in fruit plantations, which are long-term and re-grown in one place remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem is possible only in long-term stationary studies, as the impact of different fertilizer systems on changes in soil properties and tree productivity for a long period of their use. The results of researches of long-term fertilizer influence on the main fertility indices of dark gray podzolic heavy loam soil and productivity of repeatedly grown apple trees of Idared varieties on seed and vegetative (M4) rootstocks and Calville snow on seedling rootstock are considered. During the 85-year period of growing the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden, the organic fertilizer (40 t/ha of cattle manure), mineral fertilizer (N120P120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60) were applied in the old plantation every two years in autumn in plowing in rows at 18–20 cm, and in the new repetition: manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well, and nitrogen fertilizer in half doses annually in spring for cultivation or disk plowing to a depth of 12–15 cm. As a result of research it was found that organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction) and yield capacity of experimental apple trees, which for all years of fruiting exceeded the total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas and 16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120. Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60. However, the mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition and does not enrich the soil with trace elements, acidifies the reaction of the soil environment

scholarly journals Assessment of Recycling-derived Fertilizers as an Alternative to Mineral Fertilizers – Effects on the Soil Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Deinert ◽  
Israel Ikoyi ◽  
Achim Schmalenberger
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pot Trial ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms and is applied as fertilizer in agroecosystems to improve crop growth. Recycling-derived fertilizers (RDFs) have been developed for nutrient recovery from Europe’s largest waste streams as a sustainable alternative to this finite resource. The impact of four RDFs (two ashes, two struvites) on the soil microbiome in comparison with a P-free control and triple super phosphate (TSP) as mineral fertilizer was investigated in a pot trial and a subsequent microcosm trial (subset of samples). For both experiments perennial ryegrass was cultivated for 54 days. The pot trial was conducted at P fertilization rates of 20 and 60 kg P ha-1 in quadruplicates. After the pot harvest the bulk soil was stored until the microcosm trial was conducted, using the control, TSP and the two ashes at 60 kg P ha-1 in six replicates. Pot trial results showed highest P bioavailability from struvites at high P rates, also resulting in higher biomass yield on average. Furthermore, P solubilization capabilities from tri-calcium phosphate was enhanced in the RDFs treatments, while the TSP treatments were negatively affected. For the microcosm trial, most probable number (MPN) analysis showed that phytate-utilizing bacterial abundance was significantly increased in one of the ashes and had also remained higher in the RDF treatments after storage. Understanding the effects of recycling-derived fertilizer application on the soil P cycle is vital for developing a more sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PLANT BIOMASS AND MAIN TILLAGE METHODS ON THE AGROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CULTURES AT A CROP ROTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Марсель Ахметзянов ◽  
Marsel Akhmetzyanov ◽  
Гулина Хузина ◽  
Gulina Huzina ◽  
Иван Таланов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soil Hardness

The saturation of the soil with organic residues, the introduction of straw from the precursor and the harvest siderate stimulated the biological activity of the soil, and the use of various types of basic soil treatment changed the agrophysical properties of the soil. The results of research have found that the introduction of greenhouse siderate and straw contributed to maintaining the optimal density of the soil in the crop rotation link, and the combined treatment provided better conditions than in plowing. On the same variants, a decrease in the soil hardness occurred, positively influenced the formation of structural aggregates. For combined tillage, the content of structural aggregates on the background of mineral fertilizer application in the 0-20 cm layer exceeded the options with plowing by 5.2%, with the use of crop green manure by 3.2% and with the use of straw by 2.5%. For the combined tillage after winter rye, the cultivation of arable land was 19.7 - 22.8%, after pea - 17.3-19.7%, after spring wheat - 20.9-23.7%. For plowing options, these figures were 21.0-24.4, 19.6-21.4 and 23.5-26.0%. The maximum grain yield of winter rye (4.37 tons per hectare), pea (2.42 tons per hectare) and spring wheat (3.37 tons per hectare) was obtained on the variants of combined tillage and food backgrounds with the introduction of crop siderate.

scholarly journals Adaptive technologies for intensification of winter wheat grain production in biologized crop rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00067
Author(s):  
Zakirzhan Bikmukhametov ◽  
Rafil Shakirov ◽  
Razina Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Fertilizer System

The studies were conducted at the experimental base of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture in 1996–2014 to adapt fertilizer systems and basic tillage to achieve yields of 3–5 t/ha. The article cited data on winter wheat – the second crop of the third rotation of the eight-field grain-grass-crop rotation for 2013–2014. We studied the effect of organomineral, organic, mineral fertilizer systems on the winter wheat yield using a differentiated approach to their use in combination with different primary tillage systems (dump plowing to the depth of the arable layer, multi-depth loosening and loosening to a depth of 15–16). The organomineral fertilizer system differed with the saturation with organic fertilizers of 7 t/ha of arable land per year + N36P32K60 according to the balance sheet for receiving 4 t/ha of grain with spring fertilizing using ammonium nitrate, where the yield was 4. 03 t/ha, and the saving on mineral fertilizers, depending on crop rotation and soil saturation with organic matter, was 25–35 %. The yield of winter wheat by the water-saving technology amounted to 4.03 t/ha with a planned level of 4.0 t/ha. At the same time, at the purchase price of 7 rubles/kg, the level of profitability rose to 195.85 %, the cost of 1 center of grain amounted to 236.6 rubles.

scholarly journals 35 years after the Chernobyl accident – do we need rehabilitation measures on agricultural land?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
E.V. Prosyannikov ◽  
◽  
L.A. Zvereva ◽  
A.L. Silaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures

The changes in the density of pollution Cs-137 of arable land, hayfields and pastures in the south-west of the Bryansk region are considered. It is noted that the cleansing process is slow, so reha-bilitation measures are the main way to reduce the specific activity of the radionuclide in crop and feed production. The paper presents algorithm of calculation. Economic efficiency of agrotech-nical and agrochemical rehabilitation of arable land is estimated on results of stationary field ex-periments. The most economically expedient rehabilitation measures for various soils and densi-ties of radioactive contamination are established: 1) soil sod-podzolic sand, contamination densi-ty 137Cs 871 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation barley, clover, corn, winter rye, oats application of lime flour in a dose of 2.1 t/ha + NPK; 2) sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, contamination density Cs-137 2516 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation winter rye, potatoes, barley + perennial grasses, clover + timofeevka of the first year of use, clover + timofeevka of the second year of use introduction of phosphorite flour in a dose of 288 kg/ha + NPK; 3) sod-podzolic soil light loamy, contamination density Cs-137 901 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation potatoes, barley, corn, oats + perennial grasses, clover + timofeev-ka of the first year of use, clover + timofeevka of the second year of use, winter rye application of one-and-a-half doses of phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizer in combination with one dose of nitrogen mineral fertilizer (NP1,5K1,5); 4) sod-podzolic soil is light loamy, contamination density Cs-137 1224 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation potatoes, barley, corn, oats + perennial grasses, clover + timofeevka of the first year of use, clover + timofeevka of the second year of use, application of dolomite flour in a dose of 3 t/ha + manure 120 t/ha + K600. For natural meadows, where rehabili-tation measures are not used, an adaptive method of agroecological use is proposed. With a con-tamination density of Cs-137 of more than 185 kBq/m2, it is advisable to harvest a green mass of canary grass stands in the central parts of the floodpubs, which accumulate less radionuclide, grazing animals along the otava is prohibited in order to protect them from radioactive substanc-es that may enter their body with sod and shallow soil. In “near the river bed” and “near terrace” parts of the waterprays, where grass stands accumulate much more Cs-137, grazing of animals is prohibited.

scholarly journals Microbiocenosis characteristics of agrogenically altered acid brown forest soils in humid subtropics of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Elena Rogozhina ◽  
Lyudmila Malyukova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

Under conditions of perennial cropping of industrial tea crop on acidic brown forest soils of the Black Sea coast of Russia, the following were investigated: number of bacteria, of actinomycetes (mainly the Streptomyces genus) and of micromycetes (saccharomycetes), seasonal dynamics and functional activity of the microbial complex during period of 2008-2019. Stationary experiments were launched in various backgrounds of mineral fertilizer application. The experiment was accompanied by the use of generally accepted recommended techniques for microbiological studies. As follows from the analysis of the data obtained, it was established that the long treatment period of mineral fertilizers at doses from N200P60K50 to N600P180K150 in given soil-climatic conditions under the tea crop contributed to significant decrease in the number of actinomycetes and nitrogen fixing bacteria of the Beijerinckia genus vs. the control variant (without fertilizers). The most significant decrease in the number of micromycetes was revealed immediately after the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N600P180K150. After 2 months, the number of this group of soil microorganisms was built back. Under the impact of both medium and high doses of mineral fertilizers, the functional activity decrease of soils (CO2 emission and potential nitrogen fixation activity) was noted.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

Change of the redox potential in the profile of light grey forest surface-gleyed soil under different anthropogenic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O.S. Gavrishko ◽  
Yu.M. Olifir ◽  
T.V. Partyka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gleyed Soil ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Given

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

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