An interdisciplinary approach to landslide damage assessment in urban areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Palmisano ◽  
Claudia Vitone ◽  
Federica Cotecchia ◽  
Francesca Santaloia ◽  
Dario Peduto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Damage Grade ◽  
Landslide Damage ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

<p>This paper presents some results of a multidisciplinary research about the assessment of damages to ordinary buildings at the urban scale in landslide areas. The methodology represents part of a multi-level approach for landslide vulnerability assessment that has been recently developed. It is based on rapid visual inspections of the buildings, the application of ‘simple models’ to interpret the structural response, the geological and geotechnical knowledge of the site. The end-product is the landslide damage geotechnical chart, including: i) the damage grade of the buildings, ii) the geomorphological and geotechnical map of the area, iii) the direction of the settlements causing damages. The application of the methodology to an historical site in southern Italy is also outlined. Finally, the contribution of innovative non-invasive spaceborne remote sensing techniques to monitor landslide-affected urban areas is highlighted.</p>

Civic Participation and Social Embeddedness: Differences Between Urban and Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Tuuli-Marja Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level

Does civic participation lead to a large social network? This study claims that high levels of civic participation may obstruct individual social embeddedness. Using survey data from the German Survey on Volunteering (Deutscher Freiwilligensurvey; 1999–2009), this study conducts macro- as well as multi-level regressions to examine the link between civic participation and social embeddedness. Findings reveal that civic participation on the sub-national regional level is not generally associated with social embeddedness, but it affects the participants’ and non-participants’ possibilities for friendships differently. This holds especially true in urban areas, but the effect cannot be found in rural areas. The analysis has implications for further research to enhance the social embeddedness of the excluded.

scholarly journals Building Bridges: A Participatory Stakeholder Framework for Sustainable Urban Construction Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2678
Author(s):  
Nicolas Brusselaers ◽  
Koen Mommens ◽  
Cathy Macharis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Construction Works

The urban built environment concentrates due to the growing urbanization trend, triggering construction and renovation works in urban areas. Although construction works often revitalize cities upon completion, the associated logistics activities engender a significant financial and environmental footprint if not handled appropriately. Cities have the largest potential to reduce negative impacts through requirements on construction logistics. However, today, there is a lack of knowledge within cities on how to set such demands and how to involve and manage the numerous and varying stakeholders in these processes. This paper presents a participatory decision-making framework for the governance of urban construction logistics on economic, environmental and societal levels, building further on the Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA). The framework was then implemented on a use case in the dense urban Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium), gathering a wide variety of stakeholders in the context of a sustainable Construction Logistics Scenario (CLS) evaluation. Special attention was paid on the identification of implementation barriers and the role of governments to facilitate the introduction and city-wide roll-out of novel CLS. Findings show how different processes are site-, actor- and condition-specific, thereby delivering a common built object which is often based on different motivations and concerns. The study proposes a flexible, replicable and upscalable framework both from an inter- and intracity perspective, which can serve to support (1) the management of processes and CLS, (2) the management of people and the community, and (3) the project and city, in the context of multi-level governance.

Single-Degree-of-Freedom Based Pressure-Impulse Diagrams for Blast Damage Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Imam Syed ◽  
Mohd Shahir Liew ◽  
Muhammad Hasibul Hasan ◽  
Srikanth Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Blast Loading ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Negative Phase ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Pressure Impulse ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Structural Resistance

Pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams, which relates damage with both impulse and pressure, are widely used in the design and damage assessment of structural elements under blast loading. Among many methods of deriving P-I diagrams, single degree of freedom (SDOF) models are widely used to develop P-I diagrams for damage assessment of structural members exposed to blast loading. The popularity of the SDOF method in structural response calculation in its simplicity and cost-effective approach that requires limited input data and less computational effort. The SDOF model gives reasonably good results if the response mode shape is representative of the real behaviour. Pressure-impulse diagrams based on SDOF models are derived based on idealised structural resistance functions and the effect of few of the parameters related to structural response and blast loading are ignored. Effects of idealisation of resistance function, inclusion of damping and load rise time on P-I diagrams constructed from SDOF models have been investigated in this study. In idealisation of load, the negative phase of the blast pressure pulse is ignored in SDOF analysis. The effect of this simplification has also been explored. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) codes were developed for response calculation of the SDOF system and for repeated analyses of the SDOF models to construct the P-I diagrams. Resistance functions were found to have significant effect on the P-I diagrams were observed. Inclusion of negative phase was found to have notable impact of the shape of P-I diagrams in the dynamic zone.

Damage assessment mapping of rural environments; integration of SAR and Optical data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiran Havivi ◽  
Stanley R. Rotman ◽  
Dan G. Blumberg ◽  
Shimrit Maman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Rural And Urban

&lt;p&gt;The damage caused by a natural disaster in rural areas differs in nature, extent, landscape and in structure, from the damage in urban environments. Previous and current studies focus mainly on mapping damaged structures in urban areas after catastrophe events such as an earthquake or tsunami. Yet, research focusing on the damage level or its distribution in rural areas is absent. In order to apply an emergency response and for effective disaster management, it is necessary to understand and characterize the nature of the damage in each different environment.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Havivi et al. (2018), published a damage assessment algorithm that makes use of SAR images combined with optical data, for rapid mapping and compiling a damage assessment map following a natural disaster. The affected areas are analyzed using interferometric SAR (InSAR) coherence. To overcome the loss of coherence caused by changes in vegetation, optical images are used to produce a mask by computing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and removing the vegetated area from the scene. Due to the differences in geomorphological settings and landuse\landcover between rural and urban settlements, the above algorithm is modified and adjusted by inserting the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to better suit rural environments and their unique response after a disaster. MNDWI is used for detection, identification and extraction of waterbodies (such as irrigation canals, streams, rivers, lakes, etc.), allowing their removal which causes lack of coherence at the post stage of the event. Furthermore, it is used as an indicator for highlighting prone regions that might be severely affected pre disaster event. Thresholds are determined for the co-event coherence map (&amp;#8804; 0.5), the NDVI (&amp;#8805; 0.4) and the MNDWI (&amp;#8805; 0), and the three layers are combined into one. Based on the combined map, a damage assessment map is generated.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a case study, this algorithm was applied to the areas affected by multi-hazard event, following the Sulawesi earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Palu, Indonesia, which occurred on September 28th, 2018. High-resolution COSMO-SkyMed images pre and post the event, alongside a Sentinel-2 image pre- event are used as inputs. The output damage assessment map provides a quantitative assessment and spatial distribution of the damage in both the rural and urban environments. The results highlight the applicability of the algorithm for a variety of disaster events and sensors. In addition, the results enhance the contribution of the water component to the analysis pre and post the event in rural areas. Thus, while in urban regions the spatial extent of the damage will occur in its proximity to the coastline or the fault, rural regions, even in significant distance will experience extensive damage due secondary hazards as liquefaction processes.&amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals URBAN STUDIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THEORIES OF VISUAL PRACTICES

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
A. M. Tormakhova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
The City

One of the leading trends in contemporary cultural studies is the appealto the field of visual. Thepurpose of the article is to investigate the range of problems associated withthe existence, functioning of various visual practices in the urban space and the disclosure of the specifics of communication carried out through their intermediation. In urban space, there are many forms, such as monumental architecture, urban sculpture, outdoor illumination, landscape art, street art, graffiti and others. These artifacts are the subject of cultural research within different disciplines - aesthetics, cultural studies, design, and art. It may be noted that in recentdecades, significant development gets such a direction as Urban Studies, in which the focus of research serves the city. The methodology of the study includes an appeal to an interdisciplinary approach that relies on the achievements of practical cultural studies, Urban studies,and aesthetics theory by Ukrainian and Western authors. Scientific novelty consists in analyzing the connection ofactual visual practices presented in the urban space and forming of Internet activity, which facilitates the mutual influence of these spheres one on another. The author noted that urban space is gradually becoming not only interactive, but also fully assuming the characteristics of WEB 2.0, which means active rethinking and transforming the environment, urban residents involvement in decision-making that becomes a norm of everyday life. City is a kind of text that reflects changing tastes, politicaland economic factors in visualform. Town and city public spaces play an important role in shaping the interaction within society. One of the pressing problems of practical cultural studies in general and urban areas in particular, should be integrated into organization of the urban environment and design the image of the city. The practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the research can beused in developing the urban sphere in particular and in actualizing the issue of organizing the urban environment and constructing the image of the city.

scholarly journals Identificação de Ilhas de Calor na Cidade de Campina Grande-PB Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto (Identification of Heat Islands in Campina Grande City-PB Using Remote Sensing)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elânia Daniele Silva Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The City

A intensa urbanização causa diversos problemas de natureza ambiental, climática e social. O crescimento não planejado da população urbana e a remoção da vegetação são fatores que intensificam estes problemas. As temperaturas na cidade são significativamente mais quentes do que as suas zonas rurais circundantes devido às atividades humanas. As intensas mudanças espaciais em áreas urbanas, promovem significativo aumento na temperatura, causando o chamado efeito de Ilha de Calor Urbano (ICU). Campina Grande é uma cidade de tamanho médio que experimentou um crescimento desordenado, desde o tempo do comércio de algodão e, como qualquer cidade de grande ou médio porte, sofre alterações em seu espaço. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da temperatura da superfície (Ts) e detectar ICU, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para o efeito, foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, dos anos de 1995, 2007 e 2014. Aumentos da Ts foram bem evidentes e foram detectadas duas ICU. Campina Grande mostra um padrão de tendência: o crescimento urbano não planejado é responsável por mudanças no ambiente físico e na forma e estrutura espacial da cidade, o que se reflete sobre o microclima e, em última análise, na qualidade de vida das pessoas.   ABSTRACT The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a medium-sized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life. Keywords: change detection, surface temperature, heat islands, urbanization.   

scholarly journals Possibilities of milpa identification in Yucatan through remote sensing techniques and Sentinel-2 data

10.29007/hbs2 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Valdiviezo-Navarro ◽  
Adan Salazar-Garibay ◽  
Karla Juliana Rodríguez-Robayo ◽  
Lilián Juárez ◽  
María Elena Méndez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Sentinel 2

Maya milpa is one of the most important agrifood systems in Mesoamerica, not only because its ancient origin but also due to lead an increase in landscape diversity and to be a relevant source of families food security and food sovereignty. Nowadays, satellite remote sensing data, as the multispectral images of Sentinel-2 platforms, permit us the monitor- ing of different kinds of structures such as water bodies, urban areas, and particularly agricultural fields. Through its multispectral signatures, mono-crop fields or homogeneous vegetation zones like corn fields, barley fields, or other ones, have been successfully detected by using classification techniques with multispectral images. However, Maya milpa is a complex field which is conformed by different kinds of vegetables species and fragments of natural vegetation that in conjunction cannot be considered as a mono-crop field. In this work, we show some preliminary studies on the availability of monitoring this complex system in a region of interest in Yucatan, through a support vector machine (SVM) approach.

scholarly journals Methodology for the damage assessment of vehicles exposed to flooding in urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e12475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
Manuel Gómez ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Pablo Sánchez ◽  
Josep-Anton Montes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Damage Assessment
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document