Using movable modular grandstands in large sports stadia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Van Staen ◽  
Amelie Outtier ◽  
Hans De Backer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Major Point ◽  
Extra Space ◽  
National Stadium

<p>The King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels is for many years the national stadium for football and athletics of Belgium. Being built in 1930 and renovated in 1995, one can image the stadium is outdated and not conform the current safety regulation. Since building a completely new stadium brought too many complexities with it, the latest idea is to renovate the current stadium. A major point of attention is the fan experience in the stadium, which is hard to achieve during football games when a running track is around the pitch. Therefore, a hybrid stadium with modular seats is suggested. It allows to modify the stadium in an ideal way for each event. Two different systems are worked out to move the stands, due to structural and financial considerations. One is based on the use of air cushions, while the other system makes use of cantilever beams. For both systems, it is important to protect the running track, when the stands are in football mode. This modular system creates a lot of extra space in the stadium and will enhance the atmosphere in the arena according to each type of event.</p>

Notes on the Writing of Scientific English for Japanese Physicists

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
Major Point ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Elegant Form ◽  
Form Of Expression

The main guiding principles I have used are the following. First, it is much more important that the English written by Japanese authors be clear and easily readable than that it be elegant. Therefore, in a situation where there is a choice between an elegant form of expression which, however, may easily lead to confusion if misused and a less elegant but practically "foolproof" one, I have never hesitated to recommend the latter. Secondly, the importance of avoiding a mistake is roughly proportional to the amount of misunderstanding it may entail and/or the amount of psychological "wear and tear" it may cause on the reader's nerves. Accordingly, I have spent a good deal of space on "macroscopic" points like sentence construction, and proportionately less on "microscopic" ones like the correct use of "a" and "the"; prepositions, which most Japanese writers seem to consider a major point of difficulty in writing English, I have scarcely mentioned, not only because this is the sort of point for which one can easily refer to dictionaries but because I believe the reader can usually correct any mistakes for himself with very little mental effort. Thirdly, the usefulness of a set of notes such as this is much reduced if the rules given become too complicated. Therefore, rather than give a complicated set of rules which would ensure correctness 100% of the time, I have often preferred to give a simple rule which will be right 95% of the time, provided that in the other 5% of cases, it is unlikely to lead to confusion. I do not claim that anyone who tries to follow the advice given here will write beautiful or even invariably correct English; but I hope that what he writes will be clear and readable and that any mistakes he does make will be minor ones.

scholarly journals A Novel Modular System for Breath Analysis Using Temperature Modulated MOX Sensors

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Jaeschke ◽  
Oriol Gonzalez ◽  
Marta Padilla ◽  
Kaylen Richardson ◽  
Johannes Glöckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Mox Sensors

In this work, a new generation of gas sensing systems specially designed for breath analysis is presented. The developed system comprises a compact modular, low volume, temperature-controlled sensing chamber with three compartments that can host different sensor types. In the presented system, one compartment contains an array of 8 analog MOX sensors and the other two 10 digital MOX sensors each. Here, we test the system for the detection of low concentrations of several compounds.

Letting Go: Representation, Presentation, and Disney’s Art of Animation

Animation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
JP Telotte
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Major Point ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
Realistic Representation ◽  
The 1950S

This article considers two linked developments in Disney animation at a major point of change for the studio. One is the effort to craft a new ‘logistics of perception’ or way of seeing and appreciating Disney’s work in this period. Prompting that effort is the other, a shift from the studio’s early emphasis on realistic representation, or an ‘illusion of life’, to what might be termed a presentational approach that repackaged Disney animation and re-framed its experience. These developments, observed in episodes of the Disneyland TV series of the 1950s–1960s dedicated to ‘the art of animation’, anticipate the emergence of new styles in Disney animation and of a new approach to animation that would eventually be reflected in the development of audio-animatronics and theme parks.

Decentralization and the Functions of Food Regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Alejandro E. Camacho ◽  
Robert L. Glicksman
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Federal Food ◽  
Governmental Function ◽  
Net Benefits

Using the federal food safety regulatory laws as examples, this chapter explores the significance of governmental function in understanding and prescribing centralized and decentralized authority. It begins by examining how recurrent criticisms of federal food safety regulation for excessive decentralization have routinely failed to consider whether the optimal degree of centralization should vary by regulatory function. It then argues that functional differentiation can provide important analytical benefits, including (1) more accurate characterizations of existing regulatory programs, (2) mitigation of practical obstacles to desirable restructuring, (3) clarification of the tradeoffs of centralized or decentralized regulatory structures, and (4) illumination of alternative options for situating authority at different points on the centralization dimension. Finally, it contends that functional analysis can help policymakers improve the net benefits of choices along the centralization/decentralization dimension by identifying appropriate organizational choices along the other two dimensions for allocating authority.

Identifying Core, Exciting, and Hybrid Attributes in Fans' Assessments of Major (World Cup) Spectator Sports Events

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 786-803
Author(s):  
Li-Shiue Gau
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Spectator Sports ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Spectator Sport ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
National Stadium

This paper adopts a methodology of asymmetrical analyses to investigate the relevant importance of spectator sport attributes in terms of their non-linear associations with the benefits that fans experience while watching sports. Questionnaires tapping 16 attributes (e.g., teamwork, sportsmanship, level of competition) and 16 benefits (e.g., good mood, exciting experience, support for my favorite team) were distributed to a sample of fans at the outdoor broadcast of the 2010 World Cup final game at the National Stadium in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 427 participants rated the importance and benefit of each attribute experienced from watching the game. Attributes were categorized as core, exciting, or hybrid attributes. The star player was the core attribute; rivalry, popularity, and coach were the exciting attributes; and the other 12 attributes were hybrid. Two-dimensional space analyses showed that attributes “sportsmanship, teamwork, and supporting a team” were both explicitly and implicitly important attributes. The methodology of asymmetrical analyses can help managers prioritize the focus of attributes and allocate resources effectively.

Nonlinear Material Damping for Nonsinusoidal Strain

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Plunkett ◽  
M. Sax
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Nonlinear Damping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
At Resonance ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Mode Vibration

The damping in uniform and nonuniform cantilever beams was measured at resonance for a range of amplitudes of simultaneous steady-state first and second mode vibration. For two linear materials, aluminum and crossply fiberglas, the damping factor in each mode is independent of amplitude and unaffected by the presence of the other mode. For a fully annealed tool steel with highly nonlinear damping, the damping factor in each mode is markedly increased by the presence of the other mode.

scholarly journals Inspiration and Fixation: The Influences of Example Designs and System Properties in Idea Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Vasconcelos ◽  
Carlos C. Cardoso ◽  
Maria Sääksjärvi ◽  
Chih-Chun Chen ◽  
Nathan Crilly
Keyword(s):  
Design Problem ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Design Work ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
System Property ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
System Properties ◽  
Different Sources

When tackling problems, designers might be inspired by different sources, whether concrete or abstract. The more concrete sources often comprise representations of potential solutions or examples of existing designs. The more abstract sources often represent the desirable properties of engineered systems, such as modular system architectures. We performed an experiment with 60 novice designers to compare the inspiration effects from these two types of stimuli. Participants were asked to solve a design problem, having been exposed to a concrete example design, an abstract system property, both, or no stimulus at all. Their design work was assessed according to four metrics: fluency, diversity, commonness, and conformity. Exposure to either the example design or the system property reduced the fluency and diversity of ideas, and exposure to both stimuli reduced these measures even further. While there was no difference in the inspiration effects from the example and the property in terms of fluency, diversity, and commonness; results for conformity showed that each stimulus constrained participants differently: encouraging ideas similar to one type of stimulus, while discouraging ideas similar to the other type. In combination with other work on inspiration and fixation, these findings can help shape how design is taught and how inspiration tools are developed.

Closeness Counts Only in Horseshoes and Dancing

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ferejohn ◽  
Morris P. Fiorina
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minimax Regret ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Major Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Unusual Amount ◽  
Medieval Historian

During the period in which our article (APSR vol. 68 [June 1974]) circulated in manuscript form it provoked an unusual amount of collegial reaction. Of course, we were quite prepared for a reaction from those who use decision-theoretic models in their research—they were our intended audience. More surprisingly, we also received comments from less directly involved bystanders—a medieval historian for example. All this correspondence indicates to us that nearly everyone has his own theory of how voters behave, and that most such theories do not agree with the one presented in our article. The comments of Professors Tullock, Beck, Mayer and Good, and Stephens further support this conclusion.In an appendix to this note we have responded to the imaginative point raised by Tullock. As for the traditional questions raised by our other critics, however, we adopt a different line of rebuttal. Rather than conduct an unfruitful debate over the a priori plausibility of the minimax regret model we will do something that theorists too seldom do: examine some data. Before doing so we will make an important distinction between using a model prescriptively and using it descriptively. (Decision-theoretic types tend to move a bit too easily from one usage to the other.) Then, after reviewing the major point of our article we will turn to the data.

Static Analysis of Three-Layered Sandwich Cantilever Beams

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Sharma ◽  
D. K. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Edge Condition ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Static Deflection ◽  
Concentrated Loads

A detailed static deflection and stress analysis of three-layered sandwich cantilever beams, subjected to both uniform as well as concentrated loads, is presented here. Three types of boundary conditions dealing with the mechanism of clamping at one edge and generation of “free” edge condition at the other end are investigated. Various graphs are presented showing the effects of geometric and shear parameters on deflections and stresses. They illustrate how the mechanism of “clamping” at one edge and generation of “free” edge condition can be utilized to increase the stiffness of sandwich beams.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document