Towards efficiency in constructive timber engineering - design and optimization of timber trusses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kromoser ◽  
Matthias Braun
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Plate Girders ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Material Utilization ◽  
Timber Engineering

<p>Currently, laminated timber is widely used. The gluing allows for higher part length and involves an advantageous behavior regarding deformations due to shrinkage and lead to better, more regular mechanical properties. The drawback is a low material utilization factor. Starting from a tree trunk, only 25-30 % are part of the final product. Thus, the high-quality product has to be used as efficient as possible.</p><p>At moment mostly, plate girders made of laminated timber are used as a result of the efficient industrialized manufacturing process. If in comparison a truss system is used, a similar load bearing capacity and stiffness can be achieved with much less material effort. The aim of the authors is to industrialize the design and manufacturing process of timber truss systems to be able to compete with the common plate girder systems. The complete process starting from the design, static optimization, work preparation to production process will be cumulated in a continuous digital approach. The paper describes the research approach and experiments about the digital production (by use of a robot arm) and load bearing behavior of different wood- wood connections as first development step. In addition, the design of 1:1 load tests at different timber trusses as well as comparable plate girders is presented.</p>

Constraints and limitations of concrete 3D printing in architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ho Ko
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Property Control

Purpose Additive manufacturing of concrete (AMoC) is an emerging technology for constructing buildings. However, due to the nature of the concrete property and constructing buildings in layers, constraints and limitations are encountered while applying AMoC in architecture. This paper aims to analyze the constraints and limitations that may be encountered while using AMoC in architecture. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive research approach is used to conduct this study. First, basic notions of AMoC are introduced. Then, challenges of AMoC, including hardware, material property, control and design, are addressed. Finally, strategies that may be used to overcome the challenges are discussed. Findings Factors influencing the success of AMoC include hardware, material, control methods, manufacturing process and design. Considering these issues in the early design phase is crucial to achieving a successful computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) integration to bring CAD and CAM benefits into the architecture industry. Originality/value In three-dimensional (3D) printing, objects are constructed layer by layer. Printing results are thus affected by the additive method (such as toolpath) and material properties (such as tensile strength and slump). Although previous studies attempt to improve AMoC, most of them focus on the manufacturing process. However, a successful application of AMoC in architecture needs to consider the possible constraints and limitations of concrete 3D printing. So far, research on the potential challenges of applying AMoC in architecture from a building lifecycle perspective is still limited. The study results of this study could be used to improve design and construction while applying AMoC in architecture.

scholarly journals Axial Behaviour of Slender RC Circular Columns Strengthened with Circular CFST Jackets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyan Lu ◽  
Tao Zhu ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Weijie Li ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Rc Columns ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Cfst Columns ◽  
Material Utilization

This paper investigates the axial behavior of slender reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with concrete filled steel tube (CFST) jacketing technique. It is realized by pouring self-compacting concrete (SCC) into the gap between inner original slender RC columns and outer steel tubes. Nine specimens were prepared and tested to failure under axial compression: a control specimen without strengthening and eight specimens with heights ranging between 1240 and 2140 mm strengthened with CFST jacketing. Experimental variables included four different length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios, three different diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratios, and three different SCC strengths. The experimental results showed that the outer steel tube provided confinement to the SCC and original slender RC columns and thus effectively improved the behavior of slender RC columns. The failure mode of slender RC columns was changed from brittle failure (concrete peel-off) into ductile failure (global bending) after strengthening. And, the load-bearing capacity, material utilization, and ductility of slender RC columns were significantly enhanced. The strengthening effect of CFST jacketing decreased with the increase of L/D ratio and D/t ratio but showed little variation with higher SCC strength. An existing expression of load-bearing capacity for traditional CFST columns was extended to propose a formula for the load-bearing capacity of CFST jacketed columns, and the predictions showed good agreement with the experimental results.

Technological Exercise of Cell Structure Forming

2017 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Larin ◽  
V.I. Platonov ◽  
G.A. Nuzgdin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Critical Strain Rate ◽  
Material Utilization

Single-layer and multi-layer cell structures are used for manufacturing of shells of liquid fuel tankers, as well as of "dry" shells of products, wings, fairings, etc. However, conventional methods of production by means of milling do not allow achieving the required specific strength. In this connection, diffusion bonding by means of gas pressure and gas forming at specified temperature and speed conditions are extremely important. Studies conducted by authors help model the processes and calculate the necessary processing parameters: pressure, critical strain rate, deformation rate (deformation time). This paper describes the manufacturing technology for these products, in which the solutions are based on theoretical and experimental studies, which provide: an increase in specific strength; reduction in weight of the product; reduction of labor intensity and increase in material utilization factor.

scholarly journals Teknologi Penghasilan Tembikar Tradisional Terenang di Temin Kraf

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Mohd Zamani Mohd Nor Peah ◽  
Nubli Muhammad ◽  
Hamdzun Harun
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Primary Materials

Terenang is one of the local traditional earthenware products in Peninsular Malaysia other than Labu Sayong and Mambong pottery. Terenang production activities centered in Kampung Pasir Durian and Temin Kraf in Jerantut, Pahang. Along with the modern advancement, the manufacturing of traditional pottery is also experiencing changes in terms of technology usage as demonstrated through the Labu Sayong’s production in Perak. The use of modern technology in the manufacturing process is very helpful in preserving the activity of extinction in development. However, the question is whether the Terenang pottery production activity uses the same modern technology during the distribution process. This research uses qualitative research approach that captures descriptively through observation, interview and document analysis towards the Terenang production process at Temin Kraf. The results showed that the use of modern technology in the manufacture of traditional pottery craft Terenang at Temin Kraf. This can be observed in the process of primary materials, the manufacturing process, the decor, and the combustion method. Temin Kraf’s effort in utilizing the use of modern technology is a step that brings this pottery activity to another new level that can diversify the types and designs of Terenang as well as being able to increase the distribution amount immediately. However, this study suggests the need for a proactive and drastic efforts taken by the government toensure that this legacy will continue to be preserved in order to be appreciated by future generations.

A DEMOUNTABLE PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING SYSTEM OF MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Witzany ◽  
Radek Zigler ◽  
Tomas Cejka ◽  
Ales Polak
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Characteristic Property ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Building ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Building System ◽  
Bearing Structure

The demountable precast reinforced concrete building system consists of bar and thin-walled units allowing designing hybrid integrated systems of multi-storey buildings. The system’s characteristic property are demountable, self-rectifiable and dry joints enabling assembly without wet processes and, in case of need, the disassembly and relocation of the structure. The system applies special mounting, the joint of prestressed hollow core floor units and the load-bearing structure by steel pins additionally embedded in the hollow cores. The article presents the results of experimental research into the major parts and joints of the load-bearing system and the verification of the load-bearing system’s prototype exposed to static load tests with an example of the load-bearing system’s assembly and disassembly.

scholarly journals Application of industrial robot in 5-axis milling process

2019 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Martin Pollák ◽  
Monika Telišková ◽  
Marek Kočiško ◽  
Petr Baron
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Robotic Arm Control

Present in machining creates constantly new requirements to increase economic efficiency, productivity and product quality. With this advancement, industry is no longer focusing only on commonly used machining technologies, but is paying increasing attention to the implementation of robots in the manufacturing process by machining. The paper describes the design of equipment for the implementation of 5-axis milling with the help of a robot arm ABB IRB 140. It describes the design of the milling head and deals with the creation of NC machining program in software Autodesk Fusion 360. The generated NC program is then used in RoboDK to create a robotic arm control program. At the end of the paper are described laboratory tests of machining using the designed prototype milling head.

scholarly journals Design and Optimization of a Curved-Crease-Folding Process Applied to a Light Metallic Structure

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Doina Raducanu ◽  
Vasile Danut Cojocaru ◽  
Vlad Andrei Raducanu ◽  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Nicolae Serban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Metallic Structure ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
It Architecture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Individualized Production

Presently, the realization of complex, unconventional designs using efficient modalities is possible due to an increasing interest in interdisciplinary approaches: materials science, mathematics, IT, architecture, etc. Computerized techniques, among which the algorithmic/generative design is the most advanced one, that are associated with the individualized production methods are used for finding solutions for modern spatial forms with an unconventional spatial geometric shape, which are generically called “free-forms”. This work presents the design, realization and testing of a thin-walled metallic structure proposed as a light structural unit. An integrated research approach was proposed that utilized an algorithmic/digital design applied to the curved-crease-folding method with the study (at different length scales) of the metallic material behaviour after folding. An original method was proposed for the digital design and simulations. The specific mechanical behaviour of the metallic material in the elastic–plastic regime was used in this case to improve the structural performances; mechanical and structural tests were realized to analyse the behaviour of the entire structure. The results are useful for enhancing the accuracy of the digital design, the structural simulation programs and the fabrication methods.

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