scholarly journals Nitrite Toxicity to Danio Rerio: Effects of Fish Age and Chloride Concentrations

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Voslářová ◽  
V. Pištěková ◽  
Z. Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Nitrite Toxicity ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

The aim of the present study was to compare the acute nitrite toxicity for Danio rerio at the age of 20-25 days (larval stage) and 2-3 months (juvenile stage) at various chloride concentrations. The semistatic method according to OECD 203 was used in the tests. The 96hLC50 NO2- value was 386.00 ± 29.75 mg l-1 (D. rerio aged 20-25 days), and 242.41 ± 13.67 mg l-1 (D. rerio aged 2-3 months), respectively, at 19 mg Cl- l-1 in diluting water. We observed an increase in 96hLC50 NO2- in D. rerio of both developmental stages following an increase in Cl- concentration in diluting water. A comparison between the 96hLC50 NO2- determined for D. rerio aged 20-25 days and those aged 2-3 months at different chloride concentrations in diluting water (19; 50; 100 mg l-1) showed a highly significant increase (p < 0.01) in the 96hLC50 NO2- for the younger fish at all chloride concentrations. An exponential relationship between 96hLC50 NO2- values and chloride concentrations in diluting water (I = 0.849) was demonstrated in D. rerio aged 20-25 days while a logarithmical relationship (I = 0.856) was observed in D. rerio aged 2-3 months.

scholarly journals Nitrite Toxicity to Danio rerio: Effects of Subchronic Exposure on Fish Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Voslářová ◽  
V. Pištěková ◽  
Z. Svobodová ◽  
I. Bedáňová
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Nitrite Toxicity ◽  
Fish Weight

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of subchronic exposure to sublethal levels of nitrite, ranging from 15 to 130 mg l-1 NO2-, on growth in aquarium fish Danio rerio. The juvenile growth test according to OECD 215 was used in the experiments. Fish weight was measured at the beginning of the experiment and then using the same method, fish weight was observed 28 days after fish stocking. Compared to the control, growth suppression was detected from the concentration of 73 mg l-1 NO2- (P < 0.05) and a significant inhibition of fish body growth was shown from 130 mg l-1 NO2- (P < 0.01). An exponential relationship between nitrite concentrations and specific growth rate (R2 = 0.896) was detected.

scholarly journals Comparison of Terbutryn Acute Toxicity to Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Petr Maršálek ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare acute toxicity of terbutryn in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata, and in two different developmental stages of D. rerio – embryonic and juvenile. Acute toxicity tests were performed according to OECD methodology. The LC50 values were assessed by probit analysis using EKO-TOX 5.2 programme. The 96hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 5 tests was 2.85 ± 0.75 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of P. reticulata and 5.71 ± 0.46 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of D. rerio. For the embryonic stage of D. rerio the 144hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 6 tests was estimated as 8.04 ± 1.05 mg·l-1. The study proved significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of D. rerio to terbutryn compared to the embryonic stage of D. rerio and significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of P. reticulata to terbutryn compared to the juvenile stage of D. rerio. herbicides. This study documented differences in sensitivity of several fish species and different developmental stages of fish to one of triazine.

scholarly journals Cytochrome P450-dependent biotransformation capacities in embryonic, juvenile and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)—a state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Loerracher ◽  
Thomas Braunbeck
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Cyp Isoforms

AbstractGiven the strong trend to implement zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as translational model not only in ecotoxicological, but also toxicological testing strategies, there is an increasing need for a better understanding of their capacity for xenobiotic biotransformation. With respect to the extrapolation of toxicological data from zebrafish embryos to other life stages or even other organisms, qualitative and quantitative differences in biotransformation pathways, above all in cytochrome P450-dependent (CYP) phase I biotransformation, may lead to over- or underestimation of the hazard and risk certain xenobiotic compounds may pose to later developmental stages or other species. This review provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the scientific knowledge on the development of the CYP1-4 families and corresponding phase I biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in zebrafish. A total of 68 publications dealing with spatiotemporal CYP mRNA expression patterns, activities towards mammalian CYP-probe substrates, bioactivation and detoxification activities, as well as metabolite profiling were analyzed and included in this review. The main results allow for the following conclusions: (1) Extensive work has been done to document mRNA expression of CYP isoforms from earliest embryonic stages of zebrafish, but juvenile and adult zebrafish have been largely neglected so far. (2) There is insufficient understanding of how sex- and developmental stage-related differences in expression levels of certain CYP isoforms may impact biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in the respective sexes and in different developmental stages of zebrafish. (3) Albeit qualitatively often identical, many studies revealed quantitative differences in metabolic activities of zebrafish embryos and later developmental stages. However, the actual relevance of age-related differences on the outcome of toxicological studies still needs to be clarified. (4) With respect to current remaining gaps, there is still an urgent need for further studies systematically assessing metabolic profiles and capacities of CYP isoforms in zebrafish. Given the increasing importance of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concepts, an improved understanding of CYP capacities appears essential for the interpretation and outcome of (eco)toxicological studies.

scholarly journals Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism for the zebrafish, Danio rerio, reared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and exposed to acute hypoxia during development

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Barrionuevo ◽  
MN Fernandes ◽  
O Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Mild Hypoxia

In order to verify the influence of chronic and acute ambient oxygen levels from egg to adult stage of the zebrafish, in vivo oxygen consumption (MO2), critical tensions of oxygen (Pcrit), heart rate (fH) and total body lactate concentration (Lc) were determined for Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) raised at 28 °C under normoxic (7.5 mgO2.L-1 or 80 mm.Hg-1) and hypoxic conditions (4.3 mgO2.L-1) and exposed to acute hypoxia during different developmental stages. Our findings confirmed that very early stages do not respond effectively to ambient acute hypoxia. However, after the stage corresponding to the age of 30 days, D. rerio was able to respond to acute hypoxia through effective physiological mechanisms involving aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Such responses were more efficient for the fishes reared under hypoxia which showed that D. rerio survival capability increased during acclimation to mild hypoxia. Measurements of body mass and length showed that moderate hypoxia did not affect growth significantly until the fish reached the stage of 60 days. Moreover, a growth delay was verified for the hypoxic-reared animals. Also, the D. rerio eggs-to-larvae survival varied from 87.7 to 62.4% in animals reared under normoxia and mild hypoxia, respectively. However, the surviving animals raised under moderated hypoxia showed a better aptitude to regulate aerobic and anaerobic capacities when exposed to acute hypoxia.

scholarly journals Translation initiation in Drosophila melanogaster is reduced by mutations upstream of the AUG initiator codon.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2149-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Feng ◽  
L E Gunter ◽  
E L Organ ◽  
D R Cavener
Keyword(s):  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Fold Reduction

The importance to in vivo translation of sequences immediately upstream of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) start codon was examined at two developmental stages. Mutations were introduced into the Adh gene in vitro, and the mutant gene was inserted into the genome via germ line transformation. An A-to-T substitution at the -3 position did not affect relative translation rates of the ADH protein at the second-instar larval stage but resulted in a 2.4-fold drop in translation of ADH at the adult stage. A second mutant gene, containing five mutations in the region -1 to -9, was designed to completely block translation initiation. However, transformant lines bearing these mutations still exhibit detectable ADH, albeit at substantially reduced levels. The average fold reduction at the second-instar larval stage was 5.9, while at the adult stage a 12.5-fold reduction was observed.

Ketamine-induced oxidative stress at different developmental stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (66) ◽  
pp. 61254-61266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís M. Félix ◽  
Ana M. Vidal ◽  
Cindy Serafim ◽  
Ana M. Valentim ◽  
Luís M. Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

The changes induced by ketamine exposure were developmental stage-dependent, and related with the gradual development of the antioxidant defense system of the embryo, which is dependent on changes in energy-sensing pathways.

scholarly journals Developmental stages of a mottled emigrant butterfly, catopsilia pyranthe

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Arju ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
G Moula
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Life Cycle Duration

The overall life cycle, duration and survival rate of different developmental stages (egg, larva and pupa) of Catopsilia pyranthe conducted at 27 ± 3°C and RH 75% ± 2. showed that within 6.4 days 68% eggs hatched. The average duration from egg to adult, larval stage and pupal were 23.87, 10.93 and 6.8 days, respectively. Fifty six out of 68 larvae successfully completed their whole 5 instars. There were positive correlation among the larval instars, amount of food consumption and excretion of faeces. About 52% pupa were emerged as adult at laboratory condition. Key words: Life cycle; Catopsilia pyranthe; Developmental stages; Rearing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8961 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 171-179

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