scholarly journals Changes in the blood indicators and body condition of high yielding Holstein cows with retained placenta and ketosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon Nogalski ◽  
Marek Wroński ◽  
Beata Lewandowska ◽  
Paulina Pogorzelska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of changes in body condition in the dry period and the early lactation period on the incidence of retained placenta and ketosis in 94 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows. Body condition scoring was performed every two weeks from the beginning of the dry period until week 18 of lactation. Blood for the measuring of indicators of metabolism was sampled in weeks 1 and 2 ante partum and in weeks 1, 2, 3, 7 and 15 post partum. Retained placenta was reported in 11 cows, and ketosis was diagnosed in 18 animals. One week ante partum, the serum profile of cows diagnosed with ketosis during lactation revealed 0.52 mmol/l β-hydroxybutyric acid and 0.29 mmol/l non-esterified fatty acids on average. One week post partum, the serum profile of cows with ketosis revealed 1.59 mmol/l β-hydroxybutyric acid and 1.09 mmol/l non-esterified fatty acids and cows with retained placenta 1.65 and 1.41, respectively. From the week 5 ante partum to the point of lowest body condition the average body condition loss reached 1.4 points in cows with retained placenta, 1.1 points in cows with ketosis, and 0.8 points in healthy cows. Retained placenta and ketosis increased significantly conception rates by 0.47 and 0.50, respectively. Our results show that monitoring changes in the body condition and non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyric acid blood levels in high-yielding cows in the transition period, followed by taking relevant disease-control measures, may be effective in reducing the incidence of retained placenta and ketosis in dairy cattle herds.

Changes in blood glucose and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in relation to body condition scores in periparturient purebred Sahiwal cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Khune ◽  
Sharad Mishra ◽  
M.D. Bobade ◽  
V. Bhagat ◽  
Nishma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The blood glucose and the plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were estimated during extended transition period (56 days prepartum to 84 days postpartum) in relation to body condition scores in 26 purebred Sahiwal cows, 13 cows each from two farms i.e. the BMEF and CBF, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh. BMEF herd concentrate was not fed to the animals during prepartum stage. In BMEF, the mean BCS at periodical intervals was significantly less than that of CBF herd throughout the transition period. The postpartum mean unit loss in BCS of the cows of BMEF herd (0.54±0.09) was significantly higher than that of CBF cows (0.52±0.09). The unit change in BCS was higher in magnitude till 42 days post partum in the cows of BMEF whereas it was lower in the cows of CBF. Non significantly higher mean blood glucose concentration was observed in the cows of BMEF (61.46±16 mg/dl) than the cows of CBF. The blood glucose level in both the herds was lower than as fore set range. The post partum mean NEFA concentration (0.138±0.015 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than prepartum mean NEFA concentration (0.089±0.11mM/l) in BMEF cows however in CBF cows it remained same and differed non significantly. The overall mean plasma NEFA concentration in BMEF (0.116±0.010 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those of CBF (0.050±0.005 mM/l). In the cows of BMEF, NEFA value was higher than that of CBF and hence indicated a trend of reduction in BCS after calving. During prepartum period in BMEF and CBF cows, blodd glucose and plasma NEFA were negatively (with low “r”) correlated with BCS.

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN THE COW: COMPARISON OF THE LEVELS OF HORMONES (PROLACTIN, GROWTH HORMONE, INSULIN AND THYROXINE) AND METABOLITES IN THE PLASMA OF HIGH- AND LOW-YIELDING CATTLE AT VARIOUS STAGES OF LACTATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. HART ◽  
J. A. BINES ◽  
S. V. MORANT ◽  
J. L. RIDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

To obtain information on the physiological mechanisms controlling the partition of dietary energy between body weight and milk production in lactating cattle, the concentrations of hormones (prolactin, growth hormone, insulin and thyroxine) and metabolites (glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid and l-lactic acid) in plasma obtained from eight high-yielding and seven low-yielding cows, matched for diet and stage of lactation, were compared. Blood samples were taken via a jugular catheter, throughout four 48 h periods at various times during lactation (days 40, 80, 120 and 180) and also when the animals were dry. The milk yield rose for 7 weeks after parturition, reaching peak values of 24·8 and 10·1 kg/day in the high- and low-yielding groups respectively. The body weights of the low-yielding animals rose steadily, whereas cows in the high-yielding group lost weight up to week 14 of lactation and thereafter gradually gained weight. No differences were found between the groups in the digestibility of the diets, although analysis of the rumen fluid indicated small differences in the proportions of volatile fatty acids. Milk analysis suggested that the protein content of milk obtained from low-yielding cows was greater than that of milk from high-yielding animals. Throughout lactation, the concentrations of growth hormone (P < 0·001), non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0·01) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (P < 0·05) were higher in the high-yielding than in the low-yielding group, whereas the concentration of insulin was higher (P < 0·01) in the low-yielding animals. The level of thyroxine was higher (P < 0·05) in the low-yielding group when the animals were dry. A comparison of peak lactation (days 40 and 80) with the dry period demonstrated that the concentration of prolactin was higher in both groups high-yielding, P < 0·01; low-yielding, P < 0·001) when the animals were dry and the concentration of thyroxine in the low-yielding cows was higher (P < 0·01) when the animals were dry. Significant reductions in the concentrations of growth hormone (P < 0·001) and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0·001) were accompanied by an increase in the concentration of glucose (P < 0·01) when the high-yielding animals were dry.

scholarly journals Validation of body condition score system in Holstein x Zebu cows via ultrasound method during the transition period and early lactation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3797
Author(s):  
Narjara Rodrigues Gentil ◽  
Anselmo Domingos Ferreira Santos ◽  
Mikaele Alexandre Pereira ◽  
Mariana Santos Lima ◽  
José Cláudio Torres Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Zebu Cows

This study aims to validate, by means of subcutaneous rump fat thickness (RFT), the suitability of the visual evaluation of body condition score (BCS) to indicate the body condition of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Zebu) during the transition period and early lactation. Animals were selected according to lactation period and distributed into three groups: PP (0 to 4 weeks antepartum; n = 30), L4 (0 to 4 weeks postpartum; n = 15), and L + 5 (5 to 14 weeks postpartum; n = 63). The relationship among RFT, BCS, and body weight (BW) was investigated using correlation and regression analyses. The variables BCS, RFT, and BW were different among the three groups (P < 0.05). The correlations between BCS and RFT were higher in groups PP and L + 5 (r = 0.78 and r = 0.71 respectively). However, the L4 group showed a weak correlation (r = -0.04). The regression models were able to explain how much RFT varies because of changes in BCS, with coefficients of determination equal to 0.61 for PP and 0.51 for L + 5 group. In conclusion, BCS can be considered a good predictor of RFT for crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows in antepartum and postpartum for over 5 weeks of lactation.

scholarly journals Changes of biochemical environment and body weight in healthy periparturient Lipizzan mares

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hura ◽  
František Novotný ◽  
Igor Valocký ◽  
Martin Boldižár ◽  
Ján Bílek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, sodium, urea, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, insulin, insulin growth factor 1, and glucose in the blood serum and to monitor the body weight changes in nine clinically healthy Lipizzan mares at weekly intervals within 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the parturition. A significant body weight loss (P < 0.01) was found in the mares after the foaling. The peak of insulin growth factor 1 concentration in serum was reached at the day of parturition and similar patterns were revealed for the concentrations of insulin and glucose. After parturition, all these indices were significantly decreased. The concentrations of phosphorus and triacylglycerols were decreased, while the concentrations of potassium and sodium were increased at the day of parturition. Moreover, the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was increased at the day of parturition (P < 0.05) with a tendency to higher values even on the 7th day postpartum. Other studied indexes remained relatively stable throughout the transition period. We can conclude that periparturient mares face some degree of negative energy balance with concomitant significant homeostatic and homeorhetic changes. For this reason, our results can be used as a basis for reference values and a diagnostic tool to examine the health status in horses during the transition period.

scholarly journals Body condition of cows in production cycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Z. Novakovic ◽  
Lj. Sretenovic ◽  
S. Aleksic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Target Values

Condition of animals is manifested through level of achieved nourishment. Body condition score (BCS) is a precise method of determination of reserves of deposited energy in form of subcutaneous fat tissue. Adequate body reserves are necessary requirement for maximal increase of milk production in the period of early lactation. Based on BCS we can precisely determine the number of cows which are bellow weight (excessively thin) or over weight (excessively fat). Body condition changes during lactation. Cows in early lactation are in the negative energy balance (NEB). Changes of the body condition should be over at the end of lactation. Objective is to have cows in optimal body condition during all production phases. Object of research was body condition of high yielding cows during production cycle. Realized sample size was 363 cows of Holstein-Friesian breed. Average BCS value of cows in dry period was 3.39 (2.37-4.41), at calving 3.56 (2.55-4.63), at lactation peak 2.30 (1.35-3.16) and in the mid lactation 2.50 (1.35-3.43). In dry period, most of cows (n=100 or 27.55%) ranged in BCS from 3.26 to 3.50. During dry period increase of body condition scores of cows occurred. At calving, most of heads (n=99 or 27.50%) ranged in their BCS from 3.51 to 3.75. During period of early lactation there was a significant decrease of the body condition of cows. At the peak of lactation a slight increase of body condition was recorded. At the peak of lactation, most cows (n=125 or 36.76%) ranged in BCS from 2.26 to 2.50. In the mid-lactation period, slight increase of body condition of cows occurred. During this period, most cows (n=88 or 27.32%) ranged in their BCS from 2.51 to 2.75. In general, realized average BCS results according to production phases deviated statistically significantly from target values.

Yield and composition of milk from lactating mares: effect of body condition at foaling

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Doreau ◽  
Sylviane Boulot ◽  
Yves Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

SummaryThe yield and composition of milk from nursing mares were studied during the first 2 months of lactation in two groups of six and five saddle mares respectively made thin or fat before foaling, then fed ad lib. post partum. Milk yield did not significantly vary with body condition (16·5 and 15·4 kg/d for fat and thin mares respectively). Milk from fat mares had a higher fat content than milk from thin mares; the reverse was found for protein. The composition of milk fat was modified: milk of fat mares was poorer in short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C8-C14). Milk fat output was affected by body condition: 252 and 187 g/d for fat and thin mares respectively. This can be explained by a difference in lipid mobilization, as shown by variations in non-esterified fatty acids.

scholarly journals Transition period produces changes in blood and body composition in mares

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 843-848
Author(s):  
Micheline O. Silva ◽  
Hélio C. Manso Filho ◽  
Bruna Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Pedro A.N. Ermita ◽  
Lorena C. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACT: Clinical and metabolic evaluation is necessary for the monitoring of pregnant and lactating mares, as they reflect the health of the animal. The body condition of the mare is an indicator of reproductive efficiency. The study aimed to determine the possible variations in body and metabolic condition in Mangalarga Marchador mares during the transition period. Forty-eight mares distributed in two groups were used: Maintenance Group (MG), composed of non-pregnant and non-lactating mares, and Transition Group (TG), formed by pregnant mares and who after delivery became lactating. Analyzes were performed in the times T-60, T-30 and T-15 before delivery, first six hours (T0) after delivery and T15, T30 and T60 days after delivery. MG was evaluated only at one time (T-60). Body weight and fat-free mass differed (P<0.05) between the groups. The percentage of fat was lower in MG. Mares had a higher fat percentage in TG at T-60 and T-30 times. There was a difference (P<0.05) in the amount of cholesterol between MG and TG (T0, T15 and T30). Triglycerides were different between the groups. TG showed higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (P<0.05). There was a higher amount of glucose in TG (delivery and lactation) when compared to mares in MG. Changes in body condition and metabolic constituents occurred in the animals resulting from physiological adaptations of the transition period. The energetic components are the most affected from the transition period, with intense fat mobilization to supply the body demands.

scholarly journals Body condition as an indicator of cow welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Miroslav Lalović ◽  
Tatjana Krajišnik ◽  
Nikolina Mašić
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Production Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Cow Welfare

The main objective of this research was to determine the quality level of welfare of milk cows at various stages of lactation (the first 60 days of the lactation period and the dry period) and of different breeds (Holstein-Friesian and Simmental) on farms (A, B, C, D) with different systems of housing (free and tie-stall), based on nutritional status as a direct individual indicator of wellbeing. Results showed that the body condition scores of cows were statistically very highly significantly (p<0.001) influenced by breed, production stage and the breed x production stage interaction; statistically highly significantly (p<0.01) by the breed x housing system interaction, and significantly (p<0.05) by the housing system x production stage interaction.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RETAINED PLACENTA AND BODY CONDITION CHANGES DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD IN HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS IN NORTH-EASTERN ALGERIA

SPERMOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hadef ◽  
◽  
Kamel Miroud ◽  
Hocine Sebihi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Retained placenta (RP) is a common complication of bovine parturition. It is a multifactorial reproductive disorder that predisposes to infection and hence, to infertility. The impact of body condition changes during the transition period on the risk of RP appearance was evaluated in 12 Holstein dairy cows calving from October to January in north-eastern Algeria. The animals were body condition scored (BCS) 3 weeks antepartum and two weeks postpartum to assess the peripartum body fat loss (BCS loss). The statistical analysis involving variables related to BCS and parity was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA). An RP critical occurrence of 41.66% exceeding significantly the threshold prevalence of 10% (p<0.05) was recorded. This could be related to the BCS loss that exceeded one unit over the transition period (r=0.84, p<0.01), expressing the high body fat mobilisation in response to stressor factors such as negative energy balance, feed availability and climatic condition. Scoring the body condition, particularly around the peripartum, may serve as a tool to monitor the risk factors related to the energetic status of dairy cows.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document