RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RETAINED PLACENTA AND BODY CONDITION CHANGES DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD IN HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS IN NORTH-EASTERN ALGERIA

Retained placenta (RP) is a common complication of bovine parturition. It is a multifactorial reproductive disorder that predisposes to infection and hence, to infertility. The impact of body condition changes during the transition period on the risk of RP appearance was evaluated in 12 Holstein dairy cows calving from October to January in north-eastern Algeria. The animals were body condition scored (BCS) 3 weeks antepartum and two weeks postpartum to assess the peripartum body fat loss (BCS loss). The statistical analysis involving variables related to BCS and parity was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA). An RP critical occurrence of 41.66% exceeding significantly the threshold prevalence of 10% (p<0.05) was recorded. This could be related to the BCS loss that exceeded one unit over the transition period (r=0.84, p<0.01), expressing the high body fat mobilisation in response to stressor factors such as negative energy balance, feed availability and climatic condition. Scoring the body condition, particularly around the peripartum, may serve as a tool to monitor the risk factors related to the energetic status of dairy cows.

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Quality of preimplantation embryos recovered in vivo from dairy cows in relation to their body condition

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199415000295 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 378-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.V. Makarevich ◽

L. Stádník ◽

E. Kubovičová ◽

Z. Hegedüšová ◽

R. Holásek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

The Body ◽

Preimplantation Embryos ◽

Dead Cell ◽

Cell Numbers ◽

The Impact

SummaryThis study examined the impact of cow body condition on the quality of bovine preimplantation embryos. The embryos (n = 107) were flushed from dairy cows and classified according to a five-point scale body condition score (BCS2 n = 17; BCS3 n = 31; BCS4 n = 11) on the 7th day after insemination and then analyzed for development, dead cell index (DCI), cell number and actin cytoskeleton quality. The highest embryo recovery rate (P < 0.05) was recorded in the BCS3 group and the lowest in the BCS4 group. More transferable (morula, blastocyst) embryos were obtained from the BCS4 cows (79%), compared with the BCS2 (64%) or BCS3 (63%) animals. However, cell numbers were higher in the BCS2 and BCS3 groups (P < 0.05) compared with the BCS4 embryos. Conversely, the DCI was lowest in the BCS2 (3.88%; P < 0.05) and highest in the BCS4 (6.56%) embryos. The proportion of embryos with the best actin quality (grade I) was higher in the BCS2 and BCS3 cows compared with the BCS4 group. Almost 25% of all embryos showed fragmented morphology and a higher DCI (5.65%) than normal morulas (1.76%). More fragmented embryos were revealed in the BCS2 (28.6%) and BCS4 (31.25%) groups, and less (19.15%) in the BCS3 group. The cell numbers in such embryos were lower in the BCS4 (22.57) than in the BCS2 (46.25) or BCS3 (42.4) groups. In conclusion, the body condition of dairy cows affects the quality of preimplantation embryos. A BCS over 3.0 resulted in a higher incidence of poor (fragmented) embryos.

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The relationship between energy balance after calving and reproductive functions in Holstein dairy cows treated by the OVSYNCH system

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201361030601 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 601-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martina Doležalová ◽

Luděk Stádník ◽

Michaela Nejdlová ◽

Dana Němečková ◽

Jan Beran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

The Body ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Condition Change ◽

The Relationship ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the course and the depth of negative energy balance (NEB) rated by changes of the body condition after calving and subsequent recovery of reproductive abilities of Holstein dairy cows treated by OVSYNCH. The body condition was evaluated by the BCS system one week before calving and subsequently at 30-day intervals for the period of 6 months of lactation. Recovery of ovarian functions was evaluated by the results of ultrasound examination of all the dairy cows ovaries in two controls after calving. The first one was performed on an average of 67 days after calving, and the second at a 60-day interval. The occurrence of individual findings - the presence of corpus luteum, ovarian cysts or ovaries without findings was evaluated as an effect of NEB on the recovery of the ovarian cycle of dairy cows and their subsequent possibility of conception. The suitable cows were treated by the OVSYNCH system after the 1st and 2nd ultrasound examination. Therefore, the insemination interval was calculated and in the case of dairy cows, pregnancy detection, also the number of services per conception and the length of open days. Twice performed hormonal treatment of 73.6% of the animals delayed the period by 50.2 days. In all, 202 dairy cows calved in the period from 29th July 2011 to 7th February 2012 were included in this observation. Significant effects of the body condition change on the ovarian activity as documented by sonographic examination and reproductive indicators appeared primarily in the second month of lactation. The best reproductive indicators were found in cows with the lowest body condition change, thus with a small decline or even increase of body condition score (−0.0 to +0.75 points, P < 0.05). On the contrary, the worst level of indicators of recovery of the reproduction functions were documented in the dairy cows with the most marked decline of BCS (P < 0.05).

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Changes in the blood indicators and body condition of high yielding Holstein cows with retained placenta and ketosis

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201281040359 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 359-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zenon Nogalski ◽

Marek Wroński ◽

Beata Lewandowska ◽

Paulina Pogorzelska

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Condition ◽

Transition Period ◽

Post Partum ◽

The Body ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Dry Period ◽

Retained Placenta ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of changes in body condition in the dry period and the early lactation period on the incidence of retained placenta and ketosis in 94 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows. Body condition scoring was performed every two weeks from the beginning of the dry period until week 18 of lactation. Blood for the measuring of indicators of metabolism was sampled in weeks 1 and 2 ante partum and in weeks 1, 2, 3, 7 and 15 post partum. Retained placenta was reported in 11 cows, and ketosis was diagnosed in 18 animals. One week ante partum, the serum profile of cows diagnosed with ketosis during lactation revealed 0.52 mmol/l β-hydroxybutyric acid and 0.29 mmol/l non-esterified fatty acids on average. One week post partum, the serum profile of cows with ketosis revealed 1.59 mmol/l β-hydroxybutyric acid and 1.09 mmol/l non-esterified fatty acids and cows with retained placenta 1.65 and 1.41, respectively. From the week 5 ante partum to the point of lowest body condition the average body condition loss reached 1.4 points in cows with retained placenta, 1.1 points in cows with ketosis, and 0.8 points in healthy cows. Retained placenta and ketosis increased significantly conception rates by 0.47 and 0.50, respectively. Our results show that monitoring changes in the body condition and non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyric acid blood levels in high-yielding cows in the transition period, followed by taking relevant disease-control measures, may be effective in reducing the incidence of retained placenta and ketosis in dairy cattle herds.

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Ultrasonographic alterations of bovine claws sole soft tissues associated with claw horn disruption lesions, body condition score and locomotion score in Holstein dairy cows

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 131 ◽

pp. 146-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giorgia Fabbri ◽

Matteo Gianesella ◽

Massimo Morgante ◽

Leonardo Armato ◽

Ortensio Bonato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Condition Score ◽

Locomotion Score ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

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Body condition score and plane of nutrition prepartum affect adipose tissue transcriptome regulators of metabolism and inflammation in grazing dairy cows during the transition period

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2015-10046 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 758-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M. Vailati-Riboni ◽

M. Kanwal ◽

O. Bulgari ◽

S. Meier ◽

N.V. Priest ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Transition Period ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Condition Score ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows

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Bayesian estimates of genetic parameters for metritis, retained placenta, milk fever, and clinical mastitis in Holstein dairy cows via Gibbs sampling

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 146-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽

Mehrnaz Ardalan

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Gibbs Sampling ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Retained Placenta ◽

Bayesian Estimates ◽

Milk Fever ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

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Leptin interrelationships to energy-related metabolites and hormones in fed and fasted sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007432 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 87-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.R.G. Wylie ◽

D.J. Devlin ◽

A.J. Bjourson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Condition ◽

Previous Investigation ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Condition Score

A review of published leptin data for growing lambs, older ewes and mature dairy cows in late lactation showed that only 0.30-0.37 of the variation in blood leptin concentration was explained by differences in body fat variably expressed as % of liveweight (LW), backfat thickness and body condition score (BCS) respectively (Wylieet al., 2002). In dairy cows between 15d and 226d postpartum, Wylieet al(2002) observed no overall correlation between leptin at slaughter and lipid expressed as % of LW, empty body weight or carcase weight and only a weak correlation in cows in mid-lactation. Losses of fat during early lactation may ‘uncouple’ the link between leptin and fat and produce a bias across all of lactation. Another explanation is that leptin may be more closely linked with lipogenesis than with the amount of stored fat. This study revisits some metabolite and hormone data from a previous investigation of IGF-1 changes in fed, fasted and re-fed sheep in the light of more recently obtained leptin concentrations in the same animals.

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Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows

Veterinary Record Open ◽

10.1136/vetreco-2019-000339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000339

Author(s):

Hala A R Saed ◽

Hussam M M Ibrahim ◽

Sabry A El-Khodery ◽

Mohamed A Youssef

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Transition Period ◽

Post Partum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vdr Gene ◽

Genetic Expression ◽

Enzyme Gene ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.ResultsCompared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The genetic expression of 1α-OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post-partum. RANTES gene expression showed non-significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α-OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.

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