scholarly journals Adulteration of honey and available methods for detection – a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S85-S102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Zábrodská ◽  
Lenka Vorlová
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
A Current

Honey adulteration is a topical issue because increasingly sophisticated adulteration methods are constantly being developed and the official (legislative) determination of the quality indicators of honey is unable to detect most methods of honey adulteration. In addition, while the popularity among consumers is constantly growing, the worldwide production of honey is unstable. The aim of this review was to provide a current overview of methods suitable for the detection of individual methods of adulteration.

Organizational and Economic Principles of Agricultural Machinery Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Dmytro Kachan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Agrarian Sector

Abstract Technical support of producers of agrarian products has always been and will remain a topical issue in realities of agrarian sector of Ukraine. In recent years, integrated forms of agricultural enterprises have become more widespread, which make it possible to increase and renew a machine-tractor park of their participants. In course of study four main technologies of soil cultivation and their impact were considered, an amount of necessary machinery and equipment, energy and labor costs, and impact on quality indicators of soil health. Also, main organizational forms of enterprises that provide equipment rental services or perform fieldwork were analyzed. Proposals were made regarding a merger of existing enterprises into agro technical centers, which would increase an efficiency of their functioning and cover functions of regional self-government. Also, the most common forms of machinery usage by agricultural enterprises were considered.

scholarly journals III. On the atomic weight of manganese

1883 ◽  
Vol 35 (224-226) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
A Current ◽  
Sulphuretted Hydrogen

Our attention has been directed for some time to a new determination of the atomic weight of manganese. This communication gives a succinct account of the results of the preliminary stages of such an inquiry, and although the further progress of the investigation may reveal some errors, still we feel convinced the final numbers can in no way differ materially from the present values, and therefore further delay in publication is unnecessary. The atomic weight of manganese has been determined by many chemists, but the resulting values vary considerably according to the special method selected. The results of the different investigators may be divided into two classes—those giving approximately 55 as the number, and those making it about 54. To the former class belong Turner, Berzelius, and Dumas, all of whom use the same method, viz., the determination of the silver chloride yielded by a weighed amount of chloride of manganese. Turner also made determinations from the analysis of the carbonate, and from the conversion of the monoxide into sulphate. Von Hauer used the same method as that employed by him in the determination of the atomic weight of cadmium, viz., the reduction of manganous sulphate to sulphide by ignition in a current of sulphuretted hydrogen. It is probable that this method is not very trustworthy, as, according to Schneider, the sulphide may be contaminated by oxysulphide. Schneider and Rawack belong to the second class of observers, the former employing the oxalate, and from its analysis calculating the atomic weight by deducting the weight of water and carbon dioxide obtained. Rawack, whose experiments were conducted in Schneider’s laboratory, weighed the water obtained by reducing manganoso-manganic oxide to manganous oxide.

Do centers of origin have a center?

Paleobiology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Centers Of Origin ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
A Current ◽  
Considerable Intensity

A current question being debated with considerable intensity is whether or not certain geographic areas act as centers of evolutionary radiation and supply species to other areas that are less active or less effective in an evolutionary sense. Darwin (1859) was the first to write about centers of origin which he called “single centers of creation.” He argued that each species was first produced within a single region and that it subsequently migrated from that area as far as its powers of migration and subsistence under past and present conditions permitted. Adams (1902), in discussing the influence of the southeastern United States as a center of distribution for the flora and fauna of North America, provided a series of criteria for the determination of “centers of dispersal.” His first, and evidently most important criterion was the location of “the greatest differentiation of a type.”

Study of the residual imperfections using methods of probability theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
D. A. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Generalized Equation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
A Current

Discontinuities in the products that occur during manufacture, mounting or upon operation can be missed during non-destructive testing which do not provide their complete detectability at a current level of the technology. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that certain structural elements may have discontinuities of significant dimensions. We present the results of using the methods of probability theory in studying the residual imperfections that remains in the structure after non-destructive control and repair of the previously identified defects. We used the results of operational control of units carried out by ultrasonic and radiographic methods. We present a method for determining a multifactorial coefficient that takes into account the detectability of defects, the number of control procedures and the errors in the instrumentation and methodological support, as well as a generalized equation for the probability distribution of detecting discontinuities. The developed approach provides assessing of the level of damage to the studied objects, their classification proceeding from the quantitative data and determination of the values of postulated discontinuities for deterministic calculations. The results obtained can be used to improve the methods of monitoring NPP facilities.

Calculated determination of strength characteristics of assembly joints with tightness taking into account the technological conditions for processing the surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
V.F. Bezjazychnyi ◽  
M.A. Prokofiev ◽  
F.R. Zhirnova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Strength Characteristics

The method of calculating the strength of the joint with tension taking into account the technological conditions for processing the mating surfaces, which determine the quality indicators of the surface layer of the material of these surfaces: the surface roughness and the degree of their hardening, was described.

Robotic grasping with obstacle avoidance using octrees

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Rud V.V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Robot Manipulator ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Recognition Of Objects ◽  
Manipulator Control ◽  
A Current

This paper considers the problems of the integration of independent manipulator control systems. Areas of control of the manipulator are: recognition of objects and obstacles, identification of objects to be grasped, determination of reliable positions by the grasping device, planning of movement of the manipulator to certain positions with avoidance of obstacles, and recognition of slipping or determination of reliable grasping. This issue is a current problem primarily in industry, general-purpose robots, and experimental robots. This paper considers current publications that address these issues. Existing algorithms and approaches have been found in the management of both parts of the robot manipulator and solutions that combine several areas, or the integration of several existing approaches. There is a brief review of current literature and publications on the above algorithms and approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods and approaches are determined. There are solutions that cover either some areas or only one of them, which does not meet the requirements of the problem. Using existing approaches, integration points of existing implementations are identified to get the best results. In the process, a system was developed that analyzes the environment, finds obstacles, objects for interaction, poses for grasping, plans the movement of the manipulator to a specific position, and ensures reliable grasping of the object. The next step was to test the system, test the performance, and adjust the parameters for the best results. The resulting system was developed by the research team of RT-Lions, Technik University, Reutlingen. The hardware research robot includes an Intel Realsense camera, a Sawyer Arm manipulator from Rethink Robotics, and an internally grabbing device.

scholarly journals Evaluation of egg yolk colour 

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bovšková ◽  
K. Míková ◽  
Z. Panovská
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
A Current

We compare visual evaluation of yolk colour estimated by the usual method applying La Roche scale with spectrophotometric determination of &beta;-carotene by AOAC method, and by new rapid analyser iCheck<sup>TM</sup> Egg photometer (BioAnalyt). The eggs under consideration were purchased on a current Czech market. The eggs originated from various countries and various types of breeding including some specialities. The yolk colour varied between the values of 4&ndash;13 of La Roche scale. The carotenoid content expressed as &beta;-carotene measured by AOAC method varied between 11&ndash;87 mg/kg. The carotenoid content expressed as &beta;-carotene measured with the analyser iCheck<sup>TM</sup> Egg photometer was lower and varied between 7.5&ndash;68.5 mg/kg. The correlation between the colour hue measured visually and the carotenoid content was not proved. Slovak eggs from cages which contained 28.3 mg carotenoids in 1 kg of yolk had the darkest yolks (value 13), Czech bio eggs which contained 20.2 mg carotenoids in 1 kg of yolk had the palest yolks (value 6). The highest content of carotenoids was found in eggs from home hen breeding (72.5 mg carotenoids in 1 kg of yolk) whose colour hue had the value of 10.

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