scholarly journals The relationship of body condition indicators with the level of plasma cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript and energy metabolism indicators in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Beata Głowińska ◽  
Ewa Salamończyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Milk

The factors affecting the course of lactation and intensity of milk secretion include the condition and body weight, as well as chewing time. A little researched factor is also the cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) which has been suggested to have an anorexigenic function. This study sought to examine the dependent indicators of condition and chewing time on daily milk yield assessment in the context of the concentration of CART, glucose and ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in blood. Higher CART levels contributed to shorter chewing time (min/day), lower body condition and lower body weight. Blood glucose concentration showed a stronger correlation with body weight and condition than with blood BHB concentration. An important practical aspect of the results is the relationship shown between CART and chewing time and the potential relation between daily milk production and chewing time. Importantly, the animals with lower daily milk production had relatively the highest concentration CART. This may suggest that this neuropeptide is indirectly involved in milk production, especially by shortening the chewing time. The obtained results help to better explain the mechanisms involved in milk secretion and the process of rumination and digestion. More research is required, but they also show important functions of other examined neuropeptides.

Influence of milk yield, stage of lactation, and body condition on dairy cattle lying behaviour measured using an automated activity monitoring sensor

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M Bewley ◽  
Robert E Boyce ◽  
Jeremy Hockin ◽  
Lene Munksgaard ◽  
Susan D Eicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

Time spent lying by lactating Holstein-Friesian cows of varying body condition scores (BCS) and milk yield was measured using an animal activity monitor. A 3-week average BCS was calculated for each cow; and in total, 84 cows were selected with 28 cows each among three BCS categories (Thin: BCS<2·75; Moderate: 2·75⩾BCS<3·25; Heavy: BCS⩾3·25) and two stage of lactation categories (<150 days in milk or >150 days in milk). Cows were kept in two management systems: parlour/freestall (n=60) or automated milking system/freestall (n=24). Behaviour was recorded for 5·3±0·1 d for each cow. Production levels were considered using a 28-d rolling average of daily milk production. Cows that exhibited clinical lameness before or during the observation period were excluded from analyses. For cows exhibiting oestrus, the day prior to, day of, and day following breeding were removed. The final analysis included 77 cows (408 d of observation). A mixed model was fitted to describe average daily hours spent lying. Results demonstrated that lying time increased as days in milk (DIM) increased (P=0·05). Variables that were tested but not significant (P>0·05) were BCS category, parity category (1 or ⩾2) and 28-d rolling average daily milk production. Although a numerical trend for increasing hours spent lying with increasing BCS was observed, after accounting for other factors in the mixed model, BCS did not significantly impact lying time. Continued investigation of these management factors that impact lying time and bouts, using new technologies, more cows, and more herds will help dairy owners better manage facilities and cow movements to optimize this essential behaviour.

scholarly journals Prediction of daily milk production from the linear body and udder morphometry in Holstein Friesian dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
Soeharsono Soeharsono ◽  
Sri Mulyati ◽  
Suzanita Utama ◽  
Wurlina Wurlina ◽  
Pudji Srianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Body ◽  
Daily Milk

Aim: This study aimed to develop equations to predict daily milk production (DMP) based on linear body and udder morphometry of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted on 174 lactating HF dairy cows reared by farmers at different locations under similar conditions. The age, parity, and body condition score of experimental animals were limited to 0.25 of the standard deviation value above or below the average. The average DMP was based on farmers' records. Morphometry components, i.e., body length (BL); chest circumference (CC); front udder height (FUH), rear udder height (RUH); and udder circumference (UC) were directly measured using a tape; meanwhile, body weight (BW) was estimated using the Indonesia Winter formula. The relationship variables of morphometry components (body and udder morphometry) and BW on DMP were analyzed by regression. Results: The result showed no correlation (p>0.05) between CC and BW on DMP. Meanwhile, DMP obtained linear regression (p<0.05) with the mathematical equation: 1.30+0.11*BL; 13.90+0.41*FUH; 11.02+0.18*RUH; and 3.87+0.16*UC. Conclusion: This study shows that the DMP of dairy cows could be predicted based on their BL and udder morphometry.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between The PIT-1 Gene at The Rate of Daily Milk Production and Some of Its Components in Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Zinah Saad Zghairand ◽  
Hadi Awad Hassooni
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna for the period between 1/10/2020 until 30/6/2020, 60 buffaloes were used in the experiment with the aim of determining the genotypes and their distribution ratios for the PIT-1 gene. The genotypes were altered (P<0.01), which amounted to 18.52 and 81.48 respectively, and the allelic frequency was 0.10 and 0.90 for each of the two alleles A, B, respectively. Daily milk production and fat percentage were not significantly affected, milk protein percentage was significantly affected (P<0.05) in the eleventh week, reaching a maximum of 3.88±0.28 (BB), as well. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in the percentage of genetic non-fatty solids in the first week of the study, with a maximum of 23.28 (BB). BB genotype.

scholarly journals The evaluation of body condition scoring of Holstein-Friesian cows

2008 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Edit Mikó Józsefné Jónás ◽  
Imre Mucsi ◽  
István Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Body Condition Scoring ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

We carried out the examinations on a farm of 500 cows where We examined the body condition of the stock every month. We recorded the body condition data together with the milk production and calving data. We analysed the daily milk production as well as the body condition. During the examinations we sought an answer how the body condition and the production level change during the lactation period.

scholarly journals Milk production and its relationship with milk composition, body and udder morphological traits in Bedouin goat reared under arid conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42552
Author(s):  
Fatima Kouri ◽  
Salima Charallah ◽  
Amina Kouri ◽  
Zaina Amirat ◽  
Farida Khammar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

 This research aims to assess the performances of lactating Bedouin goat under arid conditions, focusing on the relationship of milk yield with body and udder morphology and growth traits. Fourteen goats and their kids were followed during early lactation (90 days post-partum). Mean daily milk yield was 0.56 kg. Milk fat, proteins, lactose, solids non-fat and minerals were respectively 34.9, 38.9, 48.8, 107 and 6.7 g L-1. Mean kids’ birth weight, adjusted body weight at 90 days of age and average daily gain were respectively 2 kg, 6.6 kg and 51.4 g day-1. Daily milk yield was correlated with goats’ body weight, withers height, rump height, udder width and udder circumference but not with linear udder score and growth performances. These results provide important data about the milk production of Bedouin goat emphasizing its correlation with body and udder morphological traits which can help to elaborate a specific breeding program for this breed. 

scholarly journals Biochemical processes in cows and the biological value of milk under influence of cobalt citrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khomyn ◽  
I. Kovalchuk ◽  
S. Kropyvka ◽  
M. Tsap
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of research was to study the effect of different amounts of cobalt citrate produced by nanotechnology on biochemical processes in cows, their productivity and biological value of milk in the first two months of lactation. To achieve this goal the subsequent problems have been solved. We investigated the effect of different amounts of cobalt citrate on biochemical parameters of blood and milk of cows and controlled their average daily yield. The experiment has been conducted in 3 groups of cows (5 cows each) of Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle, analogue by body weight (590–620 kg), performance (6,5–6,8 thousand kg of milk per past lactation) and lactation (3–4 lactation). Unlike the control cows, animals experimental (ІІ) group for two months were fed by mineral supplements in the form of cobalt citrate in an amount of 19 mg Co/kg of dry matter of diet and research (ІІІ) – cobalt citrate in an amount of 34 mg Co/kg of dry matter of diet. Duration of cobalt citrate feeding of cows of research groups was 2 months. In all groups of cows the samples of venous blood were taken in preparation for feeding additives period and during 60 day of additives feeding period in order to determine the concentration of total protein, ceruloplasmin, sialic acids, hexoses bound to proteins and activity of amino transferases. The milk production has been controlled in days of sampling with the definition of daily milk yield per cow and taking an average sample for the determination of milk fat, protein, lactose, inorganic phosphorus and calcium. It has been established that the inclusion in the diet of cows of experimental (ІІ) group of mineral supplements contributed to an increase in animal blood total protein content by 11.9% (P < 0.05), inorganic phosphorus by 15.3% (P < 0.05) and hexoses bound protein by 8.8% (P < 0.05). Under these conditions milk content of inorganic phosphorus increased by 5.6% (P < 0.05) and average daily milk production increased by 4.5%. The use of mineral additives in third experimental group of animals within two months contributed to an increase in blood ceruloplasmin content by 5.1% (P < 0.05) and hexoses bound protein by 11.5% (P < 0.01). Mineral supplements promote 5.4% raise of average daily milk production and increase it to the lactose content by 0.10% (in absolute).

scholarly journals Yield and chemical composition of milk of grazing and supplemented Tropical Milking criollo cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Rosendo Ponce ◽  
Adrián Sánchez Gómez ◽  
Ángel Ríos Ortíz ◽  
Glafiro Torres Hernández ◽  
Carlos Miguel Becerril Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk production under grazing conditions is carried out in the intertropical region of hot climates due to its low production cost. The Tropical Milking criollo breed (LT) is characterized by its hardiness in this region, and its high milk quality and cheese yield. Grazing supplementation can increase milk production; however, it can also change its chemical composition. The effect of supplementation with commercial feed in LT cows was evaluated concerning the quantity and physicochemical traits of their milk by lactation. The treatments used were feeding based only on grazing para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and grazing plus 1 kg supplementation with 20 % protein commercial feed for every 5 kg of milk produced daily. The daily milk production per cow increased from 5.82 ± 0.18 to 7.10 ± 0.18 kg due to supplementation. Dry matter intake was similar in both treatments. The concentration of fat, protein, lactose, non-fat, and total solids did not suffer modifications (p > 0.05), but the daily production of each component per cow increased in animals supplemented due to the multiplicative effect of the amount of milk. The number of calvings affected milk production, fat, and ureic nitrogen in milk, and somatic cell count (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that the supplementation used in this study was enough to increase milk production by 22 %, without modifying its chemical composition.

Longitudinal Strength, Power, and Push-Start Performance Changes in a Skeleton Athlete: Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tim J. Mosey ◽  
Lachlan J.G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Longitudinal Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to document the longitudinal strength and power characteristic changes and race performance changes of a skeleton athlete. Method: Longitudinal strength and power changes were assessed with strength and power diagnostic testing over a 9-year period. Trends over 9 years for relative strength were analyzed using a linear model. Push-start time was recorded across multiple tracks. Trends over 9 years for start performance at each track were assessed using a mixed-effects linear model to account for the impact of different tracks. Lower-body strength and power changes were assessed via a 1-repetition-maximum squat and a body-weight countermovement jump. The relationship between strength and power changes was assessed over time. The relationship between strength changes and start performance was determined by assessing the fixed effect of relative strength changes on push-start time. Results: Relative lower-body strength ranged from 1.6 kg per body weight to 1.9 kg per body weight and showed a significant mean improvement of 0.05 kg per body weight per year (R2 = .71, P < .01). A negative correlation (R2 = .79) between relative strength changes and push-start performance across multiple tracks was found. The mixed-effects model indicated that push-start time improved significantly year to year (0.02 s; P < .001; R2 = .74) when controlling for the effect of track. Conclusions: The longitudinal analysis of push-start time and the associations with changes in strength suggest that training this quality can have a positive effect on push-start performance.

scholarly journals PSX-2 Growth and lactating performance of ewes fed with different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Santos ◽  
Luciano Brochine ◽  
Vanderlei Benetel Junior ◽  
Maria Laura R Coelho ◽  
Augusto H Gameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production, body weight, and body condition score (BCS) of ewes fed with different energy levels. Seventy-one ewes were used and distributed in three treatments according to the metabolizable energy (ME, Mcal/kg) levels in the diet: CTL = according to the NRC (2007) recommendation for each stage (gestation and lactation); PLUS = CTL plus 10% of ME per kilogram of dry matter; LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter. Body weight and body condition score were evaluated a week before the expected date of parturition, a week after giving birth, and at weaning (60 days). Dairy production was evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after giving birth by the indirect method of the two weighing. The experimental design was analyzed as randomized complete blocks. There were no differences on milk production during almost all the lactation curve. Only on day 50 (P = 0.051), CTL was still at peak, while LESS and PLUS had already decreased their production. However, at 60 days, all treatments were already with low production, justifying weaning in this period. Results of weight and BCS showed a significant difference in all periods evaluates. Ewes in the PLUS diet had greater BW and BCS. The BCS before giving birth is expected to be over 3.5 and treatment LESS was the only one that did not achieve this score (2.66, 3.37, 3.83 for LESS, CTL, and PLUS, respectively). At weaning, ewes fed PLUS and CTL had BCS of 3.51 and 2.92, respectively, but treatment LESS had only 1.82. That is prejudicial for the next mating seasonal and this animal. We concluded that LESS diet interfered with the body reserves of sheep.

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