scholarly journals Resurgence risk for measles, mumps and rubella in France in 2018 and 2020

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Béraud ◽  
Steven Abrams ◽  
Philippe Beutels ◽  
Benoit Dervaux ◽  
Niel Hens
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Males And Females

Background Large measles and mumps outbreaks recently occurred throughout Europe and the United States. Aim: Our aim was to estimate and map the risk of resurgence for measles, mumps and rubella in France. Methods: We used a multi-cohort model combining seroprevalence information, vaccine coverage and social contact data. Results: The overall outbreak risk for France in 2018 was highest for mumps, remained significant for measles despite a recent measles outbreak and was low for rubella. Outbreak risks were heterogeneous between departments, as the effective reproduction numbers for 2018 ranged from 1.08 to 3.66. The seroprevalence, and therefore the risk of measles and rubella infection, differed significantly between males and females. There was a lower seroprevalence, and therefore a higher risk, for males. Infants of less than 1 year would be seriously affected in a future outbreak of measles, mumps or rubella, but the highest overall caseload contribution would come from teenagers and young adults (10–25 years old). Conclusions: The high risk for teenagers and young adults is of concern in view of their vulnerability to more severe measles, mumps and rubella disease and complications.

Spatial Clustering of Vaccine Exemptions on the Risk of a Measles Outbreak

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Gromis ◽  
Ka-Yuet Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Local Herd

OBJECTIVES Areas of increased school-entry vaccination exemptions play a key role in epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. California eliminated nonmedical exemptions in 2016, which increased overall vaccine coverage but also rates of medical exemptions. We examine how spatial clustering of exemptions contributed to measles outbreak potential pre- and postpolicy change. METHODS We modeled measles transmission in an empirically calibrated hypothetical population of youth aged 0 to 17 years in California and compared outbreak sizes under the observed spatial clustering of exemptions in schools pre- and postpolicy change with counterfactual scenarios of no postpolicy change increase in medical exemptions, no clustering of exemptions, and lower population immunization levels. RESULTS The elimination of nonmedical exemptions significantly reduced both average and maximal outbreak sizes, although increases in medical exemptions resulted in more than twice as many infections, on average, than if medical exemptions were maintained at prepolicy change levels. Spatial clustering of nonmedical exemptions provided some initial protection against random introduction of measles infections; however, it ultimately allowed outbreaks with thousands more infections than when exemptions were randomly distributed. The large-scale outbreaks produced by exemption clusters could not be reproduced when exemptions were distributed randomly until population vaccination was lowered by >6 percentage points. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high overall vaccinate rate, the spatial clustering of exemptions in schools was sufficient to threaten local herd immunity and reduce protection from measles outbreaks. Policies strengthening vaccine requirements may be less effective if alternative forms of exemptions (eg, medical) are concentrated in existing low-immunization areas.

scholarly journals Spotlight on measles 2010: Update on the ongoing measles outbreak in France, 2008-2010

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parent du Châtelet ◽  
D Antona ◽  
F Freymuth ◽  
M Muscat ◽  
F Halftermeyer-Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Since early 2008, France has been experiencing a measles outbreak with almost 5,000 notified cases as of 30 June 2010, including three measles-related deaths. The proportion of cases 20 years or older reached 38% during the first half of 2010. This situation is the consequence of insufficient vaccine coverage (90% at age 24 months in 2007) that led to the accumulation of susceptibles over the last years. It underlines the need for additional measures targeting susceptible children and young adults.

scholarly journals Opportunity Youth: Insights and Opportunities for a Public Health Approach to Reengage Disconnected Teenagers and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 54S-64S ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Mendelson ◽  
Kristin Mmari ◽  
Robert W. Blum ◽  
Richard F. Catalano ◽  
Claire D. Brindis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Life Course Development ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Policies And Programs

Approximately 1 in 9 teenagers and young adults aged 16-24 in the United States is currently disconnected from school and employment. These disconnected young people (ie, opportunity youth) are not only at high risk for long-term emotional, behavioral, and health problems, but they also represent a loss of human capital, with high social and economic costs. In this article, we offer a public health perspective on opportunity youth by describing their distribution in the population and consequences of their disconnection; proposing a conceptual model of the issue based on epidemiological principles, life course development concepts, and ecological theory; and recommending multisector strategies for preventing disconnection of young people and reengaging opportunity youth. A public health approach to the problem of opportunity youth would involve developing and investing in youth monitoring data systems that can be coordinated across multiple sectors, consolidating both the delivery and funding of services for opportunity youth, developing policies and programs that encourage engagement of young people, and fostering systematic approaches to the testing and scaling up of preventive and reengagement interventions.

Violence Counseling

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-93
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
The Media

Violence and its consequences of injury and death pose major threats to the health of youth in America. The United States has the highest homicide rate in the industrialized world: 10 times higher than in England, 25 times higher than in Spain. Older teenagers and young adults are the only age groups in the United States with rising mortality rates, and violence is a major contributor to this trend. The highest rate of death from violence occurs among young black men. Most of these deaths are the result of intraracial attacks, countering the impression fostered by the media that most attacks are interracial.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

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