scholarly journals The impact of 10 years of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Australia: what additional disease burden will a nonavalent vaccine prevent?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyra Patel ◽  
Julia ML Brotherton ◽  
Alexis Pillsbury ◽  
Sanjay Jayasinghe ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Impact

Background: A National human papilloma virus (HPV) Vaccination Programme for the prevention of HPV infection and associated disease using the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) has been funded and implemented in Australia since 2007, initially for girls only and extended to boys in 2013, with uptake rates among the highest observed worldwide. Aim: We report on the impact of this national programme on HPV prevalence and associated disease burden and estimate the potential impact of adopting a nonavalent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine. Methods: We performed a non-systematic literature review of studies measuring the burden of HPV-associated disease and infection in Australia before and after introduction of HPV vaccination. We also included key national reports with estimates of HPV-related disease burden. Results: Substantial declines in high-grade cervical disease and genital warts among vaccine-eligible women have been observed. Reductions in genital warts incidence and HPV prevalence among heterosexual men of similar age were observed before introduction of the male vaccination programme, indicating a substantial herd effect. 9vHPV vaccine is expected to prevent up to 90% of cervical and 96% of anal cancers. Of an estimated 1,544 HPV-associated cancers in 2012, 1,242 would have been preventable by the 4vHPV vaccine and an additional 187 anogenital cancers by the 9vHPV vaccine. Conclusions: Vaccination using 4vHPV vaccine has had a large demonstrable impact on HPV-related disease in Australia. A switch to 9vHPV could further reduce the HPV-associated cancer burden. With continued high coverage among both males and females, elimination of vaccine-type HPV disease seems achievable in Australia.

Declines in anogenital warts diagnoses since the change in 2012 to use the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in England: data to end 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Checchi ◽  
David Mesher ◽  
Hamish Mohammed ◽  
Kate Soldan
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Bivalent Vaccine ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesIn 2008, a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme for females was introduced in England using the bivalent vaccine (HPV16 and 18 only). In 2012, the programme changed to offer the quadrivalent vaccine that includes protection against the two HPV types that cause the majority of anogenital warts (AGW; HPV6 and 11). We present data reporting AGW diagnoses in sexual health clinics (SHCs) in England to the end of 2017, including diagnoses among birth cohorts offered the quadrivalent vaccine.MethodsUsing data from all SHCs across England, we performed ecological analyses to consider rates of AGW diagnoses by age, gender and sexual orientation. We tested for trends over time of diagnoses of AGW in young females, heterosexual males, and men who have sex with men (MSM) between the ages of 15 and 24 years during both bivalent (2009 to 2013) and quadrivalent (2014 to 2017) vaccine time periods using Poisson regression.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2017, there was strong evidence for a decreasing trend in the rate of AGW diagnoses at SHC among females aged 15–17 years from 257.5 to 45.7 per 100 000 population (82.3% decline) and same aged heterosexual males from 59.1 to 19.1 per 100 000 population (67.7% decline). The reductions in the incidence of AGW diagnoses in MSM aged 15–17 years were less clear (decreased by 13.6% between 2014 and 2017, from 129.9 to 112.2 per 100 000 population).ConclusionsThe moderate, unexpected declines in AGW seen since the introduction of a high-coverage HPV vaccination programme using the bivalent vaccine are being followed, as expected, by much larger declines among females offered the quadrivalent vaccine and same-aged heterosexual males. Surveillance plans are in place to continue to monitor AGW diagnoses to evaluate the impact of both female and targeted MSM HPV vaccination on early disease outcomes.

scholarly journals The impact of the HPV vaccine on the world: initial outcomes and challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vitorino Ribeiro ◽  
Edison Natal Fedrizzi ◽  
Sérgio Murillo Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Search ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can be considered an epidemic in the world and in Brazil. This infection accounts for virtually all cases of cervical cancer, most malignant anal, vaginal and oropharyngeal tumors, and a large number of cases of cancer of the penis and vulva. The most effective way to prevent this infection is through vaccination. Several countries, including Brazil, have already introduced this vaccine into the public vaccination programs and are observing the real-life results of decreasing HPV-associated diseases. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in preventing virus-induced diseases in countries that have adopted it for a longer time, in a different scenario from clinical studies. Methods: This is a bibliographic review study in journal databases PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and Scopus, with publications dated from 2000 to 2019. The research was restricted to articles in English and Portuguese and studies conducted in humans. Ten studies that were considered relevant were selected. Furthermore, additional articles found by free search were selected. After this phase, the chosen publications were obtained in full for reassessment of their methodology and results. Results: The HPV vaccine demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of HPV infection and/or anogenital warts and/or precancerous lesions in the seven countries analyzed by the study: Australia, Brazil, Denmark, United States of America, New Zealand, Czech Republic and Sweden. The impact was bigger in countries that introduced it earlier, such as Australia, where the vaccine virtually eliminated the incidence of genital warts in women aged under 21 years. Although Brazil implemented the vaccine a few years ago, a preliminary study was conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, where the vaccine was implemented in 2010, showing a 55% reduction in the incidence of genital warts for women aged under 21 years old, between 2007 and 2012. Conclusion: The HPV vaccine is highly effective in protecting against HPV infection and disease in the countries where it has been implemented, with better results than those seen in clinical trials.

Universal Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and its Impact on the Southern Italian Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Guido ◽  
Annarita Bruno ◽  
Luigi Tagliaferro ◽  
Valerio Aprile ◽  
Andrea Tinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
The Impact

HPV is still the most common sexually transmitted infection, leading to the onset of many disorders while causing an increase in direct and indirect health costs. High Risk (HR) HPV is the primary cause of invasive cervical cancer and contributes significantly to the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The introduction of universal HPV vaccination has led to a significant reduction in vaccine-targeted HPV infections, cross-protective genotypes, precancerous lesions and anogenital warts. Despite the several limitations of HPV vaccination programs, including vaccine type specificity, different schedules, target age-groups and poor communication, the impact has become increasingly evident, especially in countries with high vaccine uptake. We carried out a review of the most recent literature to evaluate the effects of HPV vaccination on vaccinetargeted HPV genotypes and to assess the level of cross-protection provided against non-vaccine HPV types. Subsequently, to assess the rates of HPV infection in a southeast Italian region, we performed an epidemiological investigation on the impact of vaccination on genotypes and on the prevalence and distribution of HPV infection during the twelve-year period 2006-2017 in the Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce. The vaccination coverage of about 70% among girls in the LHU led to an initial reduction in vaccine-targeted HPV types and cross-protective genotypes. However, the results on this population should be interpreted cautiously because the period since the start of vaccination is too short and the coverage rate is not yet optimal to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination in lowering the prevalence of non-vaccine HR HPV types in the vaccinated cohort and in older subjects. Nevertheless, it is expected that direct effects will increase further and that herd immunity will begin to emerge as vaccination coverage increases.

scholarly journals Baseline HPV prevalence in rectal swabs from men attending a sexual health clinic in Scotland: assessing the potential impact of a selective HPV vaccination programme for men who have sex with men

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Liam Cameron ◽  
Kate Cuschieri ◽  
Kevin G J Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesA human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme targeted towards men who have sex with men who are disproportionately affected by HPV anogenital infection and related disease was established in Scotland in July 2017. We aimed to establish a baseline HPV prevalence to assess the potential impact of the programme.MethodsResidual rectal swabs taken in a sexual health clinic (n=1 248) were tested for the presence of HPV and HPV-type prevalence was collated and stratified by age. Prevalence of HPV types included in the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines was specifically assessed.Results72.8% (95% CI 70.2% to 75.3%) of swabs were positive for HPV with 59.1% (95% CI 56.3% to 61.9%) of samples positive for at least one high-risk type. A least one of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 was detected in approximately half of the swabs. HPV prevalence generally increased with age but did not significantly differ between older age groups. The presence of more than one HPV type increased with age and over half of samples had multiple types present.ConclusionsWhile HPV prevalence in this population is high, the potential impact of the vaccination programme is substantial given that 50% are not infected with a vaccine type. Defining a preimmunisation baseline in this group will be important for longitudinal monitoring of impact.

scholarly journals Importance of lifetime sexual history on the prevalence of genital human papillomavirus among unvaccinated adults in NHANES: implications for adult HPV vaccination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne F Rositch ◽  
Eshan U Patel ◽  
Molly R Petersen ◽  
Thomas C Quinn ◽  
Patti E Gravitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Vaccine Type

Abstract Background Although the FDA recently approved the HPV vaccine for individuals aged 27-45 years old, the CDC did not change their guidelines for routine HPV vaccination. Since recommendations for adult vaccination emphasize shared clinical decision-making based on risk of new infections, we examined the relationship between HPV prevalence and sexual behavior. Methods This study was conducted among 5,093 HPV-unvaccinated, sexually experienced adults aged 18-59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2016). For each sex and age group, adjusted prevalences of 9-valent vaccine-specific, high-risk, and any-HPV infection were estimated by number of lifetime sexual partners (LTSP) using logistic regression. An analysis restricted to persons who did not have a new sexual partner in the past year (i.e., removing those at highest risk of newly acquired HPV) was also conducted. Results In each age group, genital HPV prevalence was higher among persons with >5 LTSP compared with 1-5 LTSP in both males and females. There were only slight reductions in HPV prevalence after removing participants who reported a new sexual partner in the past year. For example, among females aged 27-45 years with >5 LTSP, the adjusted prevalence of 9-valent vaccine-type HPV infection was 13.4% (95% CI 9.9-17.0) in the full group compared to 12.1% (95% CI 8.8-15.4) among those with no new sexual partners. Conclusions Prevalent HPV infection was primarily reflective of cumulative exposures over time (higher LTSP). New exposures had limited impact, emphasizing the need to consider sexual history in the decision-making process for adult HPV vaccination.

scholarly journals The Impact of 9-Valent HPV Vaccination on Couple Infertility Prevention: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciavattini ◽  
Chiara Marconi ◽  
Luca Giannella ◽  
Giovanni Delli Carpini ◽  
Francesco Sopracordevole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Miscarriage Rate ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

A comprehensive literature review was performed to determine the relationship between HPV infection and infertility and the eventual role of the 9-valent vaccine for infertility prevention. The search was extended from January 1997 through July 2021. Data collected from selected articles focused on three main topics: statistical associations between HPV prevalence and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome, association between HPV and characteristics of semen, and associations between HPV and miscarriage. Articles that identified HPV genotypes were selected for this review to study the possible role of the 9-valent vaccine in infertility prevention. To date, there is no agreement on the implication HPV female infection has on the fertility and miscarriage rate. Although it can be stated that HPV prevalence among couples with infertility undergoing ART treatment is consistent, it does not seem to affect the performance of oocytes. Otherwise, HPV infection affects sperm parameters, in particular spermatozoa motility. When an association can be found, most cases of HR-HPV involved are those included in the 9-valent vaccine. The correlation between HPV male infection both with asthenozoospermia and increased risk of pregnancy loss could recommend the extension of anti-HPV vaccination to adolescent males along with cancer prevention. Despite the fact that the relation between 9-valent HPV genotypes involved in female infection and miscarriage/infertility is not clear, the impact of this virus on health reproduction is evident. Considering this, the importance of HPV vaccination in adolescent females is confirmed. A vaccine efficacy study could be useful to confirm the importance of primary prevention for couple reproductive health.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus by geographical regions, sexual orientation and HIV status in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Ma ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Jason J Ong ◽  
Christopher K Fairley ◽  
Shu Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Central China ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Hpv Prevalence

ObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes multiple cancers in both women and men. In China, both HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverages are low. We aim to investigate the temporal and geographical trends of HPV DNA prevalence in heterosexual men, women, men who have sex with men (MSM) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review, collecting publications in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data from January 2000 to May 2017. A total of 247 studies were selected for this meta-analysis to estimate pooled HPV prevalence, incidence of cervical cancer and risk of infection for subgroups. Meta-regression was applied to identify contributing factors to prevalence heterogeneities.ResultsThe national HPV prevalence was 15.6% (95% CI (14.4% to 16.9%)) in women with normal cervical cytology, and Central China had the highest prevalence (20.5% (15.2% to 25.8%)). HPV prevalence in heterosexual men (14.5% (11.3% to 17.7%)) was comparable with that of women (OR=1.09 (0.98 to 1.17)), but HPV prevalence in MSM (59.9% (52.2% to 67.6%)) was significantly higher than that in heterosexual men (OR=8.81 (8.01 to 9.69)). HIV-positive women (45.0% (38.4% to 51.6%)) and HIV-positive MSM (87.5% (82.3% to 90.9%)) had 4.67 (3.61 to 6.03) and 6.46 (5.20 to 8.02) times higher risk of HPV infection than their HIV negative counterparts.ConclusionHPV infection is prevalent in China, particularly in Central China, in comparison with the global level and neighbouring countries. Targeted HPV vaccination for women, MSM and PLHIV and scale-up of cervical screening for women are priorities in curbing the HPV epidemic in China.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among 214,715 women from Southern China, 2012-2018: baseline measures prior to mass HPV vaccination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipei Luo ◽  
Ping He ◽  
qiaotu liu ◽  
Yanghua jiang ◽  
Yang-nan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Hpv Genotypes

Abstract Background: The epidemiology on the human papillomavirus (HPV) among females in Southern China is not well-established. Baseline data on the prevalence of HPV infection in China prior to mass prophylactic HPV vaccination would be useful. Thus, this study aimed to determine the type-specific HPV prevalence and distribution among females from Southern China prior to mass HPV vaccination. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study employing 214,715 women attending ChenZhou NO.1 People’s Hospital for cervical screening during 2012-2018 was conducted prior to widespread HPV vaccination. HPV genotype was detected using nucleic acid molecular diversion hybridization tests. The overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, type distribution, and annual trend were analyzed. Results: The overall HPV prevalence was 18.71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.55%-18.88%) among Southern China females. During 2012–2018, the prevalence of HPV infection showed a downward tendency, from 21.63% (95% CI, 21.07%-22.20%) in 2012 to 18.75% (95% CI, 18.35%-19.16%) in 2018. Age-specific HPV distribution displayed a peak at young women aged less than 21 years (33.11%, 95% CI, 31.13%-35.15%), 20.07% (95% CI, 19.70%-20.44%) among women aged 21-30 years, 17.29% (95% CI, 17.01%-17.57%) among women aged 31-40 years, 17.23% (95% CI, 16.95%-17.51%) among women aged 41-50 years, 21.65% (95% CI, 21.11%-22.20%) among women aged 51-60 years, and 25.95% (95% CI, 24.86%-27.07%) among women aged over 60 years. Of the 21 subtypes identified, the most three prevalent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes were HPV52 (5.12%; 95% CI, 21.11%-22.20%), -16 (2.96%; 95% CI, 2.89%-3.03%), and -58 (2.51%; 95% CI, 2.44%-2.58%); the predominant low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes were HPV81 (1.86%; 95%CI, 1.80%-1.92%) and -6 (0.69%; 95% CI, 0.66%-0.73%) respectively. Incidence of HR-HPV only, LR-HPV only and mixed LR- and HR-HPV were 15.17%, 2.07% and 1.47% respectively. Besides, single HPV infection accounted for 77.30% of all positive cases in this study.Conclusions: This study highlights 1) a high prevalence of HPV infection among females with a decreasing tendency towards 2012-2018, especially for young women under the age of 21 prior to mass HPV vaccination; 2) HPV52, -16 and -58 were the predominant HPV genotypes, suggesting potential use of HPV vaccine covering these HPV genotypes in Southern China.

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