scholarly journals Minimum dataset for monitoring national human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PrEP) programmes: a five-nation consensus, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Saunders ◽  
O Noel Gill ◽  
Valerie Delpech ◽  
Claudia Estcourt ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the use of antiretroviral medication to prevent HIV acquisition, is a highly effective biomedical prevention tool. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends PrEP for people at substantial risk of HIV infection, as part of combination prevention, and highlights the need for robust evaluation of PrEP programmes. Based on suggested WHO core indicators, we created a concise set of HIV PrEP-related dataset variables, to harmonise the monitoring and evaluation of PrEP programmes across five closely related nations (England, Northern Ireland, Ireland, Scotland and Wales). The dataset is based on the PrEP cascade and is intended to represent the minimum variables needed for reporting and comparison of meaningful data at national and multinational level. The dataset can be modified for settings with different health and surveillance systems. It is intended for public health, academic, clinical and health planning, and public audiences. Here we describe the dataset and illustrate its use with data from the first year of the Scottish National PrEP programme.

scholarly journals Southern African guidelines on the safe use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in persons at risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda-Gail Bekker ◽  
Kevin Rebe ◽  
Francois Venter ◽  
Gary Maartens ◽  
Michelle Moorhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Risk Of Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The Southern African HIV Clinicians Society published its first set of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) guidelines in June 2012 for men who have sex with men (MSM) who are at risk of HIV infection. With the flurry of data that has been generated in PrEP clinical research since the first guideline, it became evident that there was a need to revise and expand the PrEP guidelines with new evidence of safety and efficacy of PrEP in several populations, including MSM, transgender persons, heterosexual men and women, HIV-serodiscordant couples and people who inject drugs. This need is particularly relevant following the World Health Organization (WHO) Consolidated Treatment Guidelines released in September 2015. These guidelines advise that PrEP is a highly effective, safe, biomedical option for HIV prevention that can be incorporated with other combination prevention strategies in Southern Africa, given the high prevalence of HIV in the region. PrEP should be tailored to populations at highest risk of HIV acquisition, whilst further data from studies in the region accrue to guide optimal deployment to realise the greatest impact regionally. PrEP may be used intermittently during periods of perceived HIV acquisition risk, rather than continually and lifelong, as is the case with antiretroviral treatment. Recognition and accurate measurement of potential risk in individuals and populations also warrants discussion, but are not extensively covered in these guidelines.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Hospitalization Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the ISARIC World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterization Protocol (UK): A Prospective Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Geretti ◽  
Alexander J Stockdale ◽  
Sophie H Kelly ◽  
Muge Cevik ◽  
Simon Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Evidence is conflicting about how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modulates coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the presentation characteristics and outcomes of adults with and without HIV who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at 207 centers across the United Kingdom and whose data were prospectively captured by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterization Protocol (CCP) study. Methods We used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression to describe the association between HIV status and day-28 mortality, after separate adjustment for sex, ethnicity, age, hospital acquisition of COVID-19 (definite hospital acquisition excluded), presentation date, 10 individual comorbidities, and disease severity at presentation (as defined by hypoxia or oxygen therapy). Results Among 47 592 patients, 122 (0.26%) had confirmed HIV infection, and 112/122 (91.8%) had a record of antiretroviral therapy. At presentation, HIV-positive people were younger (median 56 vs 74 years; P < .001) and had fewer comorbidities, more systemic symptoms and higher lymphocyte counts and C-reactive protein levels. The cumulative day-28 mortality was similar in the HIV-positive versus HIV-negative groups (26.7% vs. 32.1%; P = .16), but in those under 60 years of age HIV-positive status was associated with increased mortality (21.3% vs. 9.6%; P < .001 [log-rank test]). Mortality was higher among people with HIV after adjusting for age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.14; P = .05), and the association persisted after adjusting for the other variables (aHR 1.69; 95% CI 1.15–2.48; P = .008) and when restricting the analysis to people aged <60 years (aHR 2.87; 95% CI 1.70–4.84; P < .001). Conclusions HIV-positive status was associated with an increased risk of day-28 mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Keberhasilan Pengobatan Terapi Antiretroviral

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Teguh H Karyadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Aids

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) kombinasi merupakan terapi terbaik bagi pasien terinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) hingga saat ini. Tujuan utama pemberian ARV adalah untuk menekan jumlah virus (viral load), sehingga akan meningkatkan status imun pasien HIV dan mengurangi kematian akibat infeksi oportunistik. Pada tahun 2015, menurut World Health Organization (WHO) antiretroviral sudah digunakan pada 46% pasien HIV di berbagai negara. Penggunaan ARV tersebut telah berhasil menurunkan angka kematian terkait HIV/AIDS dari 1,5 juta pada tahun 2010 menjadi 1,1 juta pada tahun 2015. Antiretroviral selain sebagai antivirus juga berguna untuk mencegah penularan HIV kepada pasangan seksual, maupun penularan HIV dari ibu ke anaknya. Hingga pada akhirnya diharapkan mengurangi jumlah kasus orang terinfeksi HIV baru di berbagai negara.

scholarly journals Profilaksis Pasca Pajanan terhadap Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, dan Human Immunodeficiency Virus pada Petugas Kesehatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alvina Widhani
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Organization

Petugas kesehatan berisiko terpajan dengan darah atau cairan tubuh lain yang dapat mengandung hepatitis B, hepatitis C, atau human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan 2,5% kasus HIV, 40% kasus hepatitis B, dan 40% kasus hepatitis C disebabkan karena penularan yang terkait dengan pekerjaan.

Pengalaman Pasien HIV/AIDS yang Menjalani Pengobatan Antiretroviral (ARV) di Yayasan Bina Muda Gemilang Balaraja Tangerang

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Zahrah Maulidia Septimar ◽  
Siti Robeatul Adawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hiv Aids

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) kombinasi merupakan terapi terbaik bagi pasien terinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) hingga saat ini. Tujuan utama pemberian ARV adalah untuk menekan jumlah virus (viral load), sehingga akan meningkatkan status imun pasien HIV dan mengurangi kematian akibat infeksi oportunistik. Pada tahun 2015, menurut World Health Organization (WHO) antiretroviral sudah digunakan pada 46% pasien HIV di berbagai negara. Penggunaan ARV tersebut telah berhasil menurunkan angka kematian terkait HIV/AIDS dari 1,5 juta pada tahun 2010 menjadi 1,1 juta pada tahun 2015. Desain penelitian ini adalah kualitatif fenomenologi. Partisipan di tentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling berjumlah sepuluh orang dengan terdiri dari pasien yang positif HIV AIDS yang sedang menjalani pengobatan ARV.Tekhnik wawancara mendalam dilakukan menggunakan alat perekam dan panduan wawancara terstruktur, serta catatan lapangan.Analisa data menggunakan qualitative content analysis dengan pendekatan Collaizi. Tujuan penelitian ini di harapkan dapat menggali lebih dalam tentang pengalaman pasien HIV/AIDS yang menjalani pengobatan ARV. Dari hasil penelitian di temukan beberapa tema yang menjadi pembahasan tema yang di cantumkan berdasarkan apa yang terjadi pada pasien HIV/AIDS yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman konsumsi ARV. Yaitu pemahaman mengenai penyakit HIV/AIDS, mengalani ketidaknyamanan fisik, memahami ketidaknyamanan psikis, hambatan yang dialami selama pengobatan, dukungan selama menjalani pengobatan, harapan untuk mencapai kesembuhan dari penyakit. Diperlukan studi pendahuluan lebih lanjut untuk mengkaji secara mendalam tema yang telah teridentifikasi pada jumlah partisipan yang lebih banyak.

Evaluation of the impact of human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis on new human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110545
Author(s):  
A Keane ◽  
SO Regan ◽  
L Quinn ◽  
D Murphy ◽  
BO Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact

Aims The national PrEP programme launched in Ireland in November 2019 with tenofovir/emtricitabine free to those meeting eligibility criteria. We assessed the impact of the first year of the PrEP programme on new HIV diagnoses in the largest sexual health and HIV service in Ireland. Methods A free PrEP service was established in November 2019. We reviewed the number of new diagnoses of HIV between November 2018–2019, before the introduction of the national PrEP programme and compared this with the number of new HIV diagnosis between November 2019–2020. Results There were 95 new HIV diagnoses (63.3% MSM) between November 2018 and 2019 and 73 new HIV diagnoses (65.7% MSM) between November 2019 and 2020. There was a statistically significant decline in new HIV diagnoses between the 2 years ( P = 0.0003). 546 patients were prescribed PrEP as of December 2020.106 patients (19.4%) changed their PrEP dosing regimen due to lockdown. 178 individuals (32.6%) had a rectal infection diagnosed. Conclusion There has been a reduction in new HIV diagnoses in our cohort (although this has occurred during a global pandemic). It is too early to say if PrEP reduces late presentations of HIV based on our findings. A significant number of rectal infections were identified in the PrEP clinic suggesting ongoing risk despite pandemic restrictions. Further research into sexual practices during COVID-19 is needed to assess if this had an impact on the lower rates of HIV acquisition.

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