scholarly journals Unexposed populations and potential COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in European countries as per data up to 21 November 2021

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd A C Chapman ◽  
Rosanna C Barnard ◽  
Timothy W Russell ◽  
Sam Abbott ◽  
Kevin van Zandvoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

We estimate the potential remaining COVID-19 hospitalisation and death burdens in 19 European countries by estimating the proportion of each country’s population that has acquired immunity to severe disease through infection or vaccination. Our results suggest many European countries could still face high burdens of hospitalisations and deaths, particularly those with lower vaccination coverage, less historical transmission and/or older populations. Continued non-pharmaceutical interventions and efforts to achieve high vaccination coverage are required in these countries to limit severe COVID-19 outcomes.

scholarly journals Unexposed populations and potential COVID-19 burden in European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd A C Chapman ◽  
Rosanna C Barnard ◽  
Timothy W Russell ◽  
Sam Abbott ◽  
Kevin van Zandvoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

We estimate the potential remaining COVID-19 burden in 19 European countries by estimating the proportion of each country's population that has acquired immunity to severe disease through infection or vaccination. Our results suggest that many European countries could still face a substantial burden of hospitalisations and deaths, particularly those with lower vaccine coverage, less historical transmission, and/or older populations. Continued non-pharmaceutical interventions and efforts to achieve high vaccine coverage are required in these countries to limit severe COVID-19 outcomes.

scholarly journals Acquired Immunity to Malaria

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise L. Doolan ◽  
Carlota Dobaño ◽  
J. Kevin Baird
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SUMMARY Naturally acquired immunity to falciparum malaria protects millions of people routinely exposed to Plasmodium falciparum infection from severe disease and death. There is no clear concept about how this protection works. There is no general agreement about the rate of onset of acquired immunity or what constitutes the key determinants of protection; much less is there a consensus regarding the mechanism(s) of protection. This review summarizes what is understood about naturally acquired and experimentally induced immunity against malaria with the help of evolving insights provided by biotechnology and places these insights in the context of historical, clinical, and epidemiological observations. We advocate that naturally acquired immunity should be appreciated as being virtually 100% effective against severe disease and death among heavily exposed adults. Even the immunity that occurs in exposed infants may exceed 90% effectiveness. The induction of an adult-like immune status among high-risk infants in sub-Saharan Africa would greatly diminish disease and death caused by P. falciparum. The mechanism of naturally acquired immunity that occurs among adults living in areas of hyper- to holoendemicity should be understood with a view toward duplicating such protection in infants and young children in areas of endemicity.

Vaccination coverage rates in eleven European countries during two consecutive influenza seasons

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Blank ◽  
Matthias Schwenkglenks ◽  
Thomas D. Szucs
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Coverage Rates

scholarly journals Fall 2021 Resurgence and COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Canada: Modelling waning and boosting COVID-19 immunity in Canada, A Canadian Immunization Research Network Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Dick ◽  
Lauren M Childs ◽  
Zhilan Feng ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Gergely Rost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Age Structured Model ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

There is a threat of COVID-19 resurgence in Fall 2021 in Canada. To understand the probability and severity of this threat, quantification of the level of immunity/protection of the population is required. We use an age-structured model including infection, vaccination and waning immunity to estimate the distribution of immunity to COVID-19 in the Canadian population. By late Summer 2021, coinciding with the end of the vaccination program, we estimate that 60 - 80% of the Canadian population will have some immunity to COVID-19. Model results show that this level of immunity is not sufficient to stave off a Fall 2021 resurgence. The timing and severity of a resurgence, however, varies in magnitude given multiple factors: relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing, the rate of waning immunity, the transmissibility of variants of concern, and the protective characteristics of the vaccines against infection and severe disease. To prevent large-scale resurgence, booster vaccination and/or re-introduction of public health mitigation may be needed.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Vaccination Coverage and Uptake Among Adults in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra D Zens ◽  
Phung Lang
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Increased Risk

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a common, opportunistic pathogen which can cause severe disease, particularly in adults 65+. In Switzerland, vaccination is recommended for children under 5 and for adults with health predispositions; vaccination of healthy adults 65+ is not recommended. In 2020 we conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional survey of vaccination records to evaluate pneumococcal vaccination coverage and factors affecting uptake among adults 18-85. We found that nationwide coverage was 4.5% without significant regional differences. Coverage was comparable between men and women and between those aged 18-39 (3.0%) and 40-64 (3.2%). Coverage was significantly higher among those 65-85 (9.6%). While 2.7% of individuals reporting no health predisposition were vaccinated, 14.8% with asthma or chronic pulmonary disease, 27.1% with immunosuppression, 12.9% with diabetes, 11.6% with heart, liver, or kidney disease, and 25.9% with >1 health risk were vaccinated. Adjusted odds of vaccination for all health predispositions except heart, liver, or kidney disease were significantly increased. Among unvaccinated individuals "not enough information about the topic" and "not suggested by a doctor/healthcare provider" were the major reasons for abstaining from vaccination. Respondents reporting a health predisposition were significantly less likely to report "not at increased risk due to chronic health conditions or age" as a reason for not being vaccinated (3.7% versus 29.1%) and were more likely to report willingness to be vaccinated in the future compared to those not-at-risk (54.2% versus 39.9%). Our results indicate that pneumococcal vaccination coverage in Switzerland is low among both individuals 65-85 and among those with predisposing health risks. It appears that at-risk individuals are aware of their increased risk, but feel they do not have enough information on the topic to seek vaccination, or have not been recommended a vaccination from their physician.

scholarly journals Vaccination is reasonably effective in limiting the spread of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations and deaths with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joze P. Damijan ◽  
Sandra Damijan ◽  
Crt Kostevc
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Percent Decrease

This paper uses large cross-country data for 110 countries to examine the effectiveness of COVID vaccination coverage. Our results confirm that vaccines are reasonably effective in both limiting the spread of infections and containing more severe disease progression in symptomatic patients. First, the results show that full vaccination rate is consistently negatively correlated with the number of new COVID cases, whereby a 10 percent increase in vaccination rate is associated with a 1.3 to 1.7 percent decrease in new COVID cases. Second, the magnitude of vaccination is shown to contribute significantly to moderating severe disease progression. On average, a 10 percent increase in the rate of vaccination leads to a reduction of about 5 percent in the number of new hospitalizations, 12 percent decrease in the number of new intensive care patients and 2 percent reduction in the number of new deaths. Finally, by comparing the data for the same period between 2020 and 2021, we also check how good is vaccination as a substitute for lockdowns or other stringent government protection measures. Results suggest that vaccination does not appear to be an effective substitute for more stringent government safety measures to contain the spread of COVID infections until a high vaccination coverage threshold (more than 70 percent) has been achieved. On the other hand, vaccination is shown to be quite effective in limiting the more severe course of the disease in symptomatic patients already at moderate vaccination coverage (between 40 and 70 percent). This suggests that vaccination can also help to reduce pressure on the health system and thus benefit the overall public health of society.

scholarly journals Effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19: A Tale of Three Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Chin ◽  
John P.A. Ioannidis ◽  
Martin A. Tanner ◽  
Sally Cripps
Keyword(s):  
Mobility Model ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the inference regarding the effectiveness of the various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for COVID-19 obtained from different SIR models.Study design and settingWe explored two models developed by Imperial College that considered only NPIs without accounting for mobility (model 1) or only mobility (model 2), and a model accounting for the combination of mobility and NPIs (model 3). Imperial College applied models 1 and 2 to 11 European countries and to the USA, respectively. We applied these models to 14 European countries (original 11 plus another 3), over two different time horizons.ResultsWhile model 1 found that lockdown was the most effective measure in the original 11 countries, model 2 showed that lockdown had little or no benefit as it was typically introduced at a point when the time-varying reproductive number was already very low. Model 3 found that the simple banning of public events was beneficial, while lockdown had no consistent impact. Based on Bayesian metrics, model 2 was better supported by the data than either model 1 or model 3 for both time horizons.ConclusionsInferences on effects of NPIs are non-robust and highly sensitive to model specification. Claimed benefits of lockdown appear grossly exaggerated.

scholarly journals The Association between Influenza Vaccination and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Severe Illness, and Death: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7870
Author(s):  
Marco Del Riccio ◽  
Chiara Lorini ◽  
Guglielmo Bonaccorsi ◽  
John Paget ◽  
Saverio Caini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Support Measures

We reviewed the association between seasonal influenza vaccination and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or complicated illness or poor outcome (e.g., severe disease, need for hospitalization or ventilatory support, or death) among COVID-19 patients. None of the studies that were reviewed (n = 12) found a significant increase in the risk of infection or in the illness severity or lethality, and some reported significantly inverse associations. Our findings support measures aimed at raising influenza vaccination coverage in the coming months.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document