scholarly journals Settings for identifying recent HIV infections: the Portuguese experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Cortes Martins ◽  
M T Paixão

Portugal has been the western European country with the highest rate of notified acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases since 1999 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cases since 2000. Nonetheless, exact information on the magnitude and trends of recently acquired infections is missing. In a cross-sectional study we aimed to determine HIV prevalence, the proportion of recently acquired infections and the incidence among patients attending a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) clinic and among HIV positive cases tested at the AIDS Reference Laboratory (ARL), by using the Avidity Index (AI) of antibodies to identify recent HIV-1 seroconversions. Demographic and behavioural data were collected. At the STI clinic 253 patients were enrolled, 16 were found to be HIV infected (14 HIV-1, 2 HIV-2) and a prevalence of 6.3% was obtained. Four recent HIV-1 infections were identified and the HIV-1 incidence was 3.3% per year. At the ARL, 332 newly diagnosed cases of HIV-1 infection were studied, 59 (17.8%) were recent infections and an annual incidence of 4.1% was estimated. These findings support STI clinics as key sentinel sites for recently acquired HIV infections and illustrate the viability of testing for recent HIV infections in these settings and reinforce the value of this method in the surveillance for better monitoring current trends of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Portugal.

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Suely Soares Veras Maciel ◽  
Wamberto Vieira Maciel ◽  
Maria Cristina Andrade ◽  
Claúdia Emanuella Oliveira Santana ◽  
Roselene Menezes Aleluia ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the patterns of Aids morbimortality in Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil, along the period of January, 2000 to December, 2006, Method: this is about a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data on morbidity and mortality were obtained from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN - Information System on Disease Notification) and the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System) available at the Health Minister’s website, Results: of the total number of notified Aids cases (318 cases), 32.7% resulted in death. The reduction of the mortality rate is more meaningful among males than females; however the sex ratio was observed every year, excepting 2006. Conclusion: in Caruaru city, Aids affects more heterosexual young black male, with not more than 11 years of schooling. The results in death occurs more among young white male with no more than 3 years of schooling, Descriptors: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; health profile; sexually transmitted diseases; information systems.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever o padrão de morbimortalidade por Aids em Caruaru- PE no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2006, Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo. Os dados sobre morbidade e mortalidade foram obtidos a partir das bases de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) e Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) disponibilizados no site do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: do total de casos notificados por Aids (318 casos), 32,7% evoluíram para óbito. A redução da taxa de mortalidade é mais expressiva no sexo masculino do que no feminino, todavia, a razão de masculinidade foi observada em todos os anos do estudo, excetuando-se em 2006, Conclusão: em Caruaru a Aids acomete mais pessoas jovens, pardas, do sexo masculino, com até 11 anos de estudo e heterossexuais, sendo que leva mais a óbito pessoas jovens, brancas, do sexo masculino e com até 3 anos de estudo, Descritores: síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida; perfil de saúde; doenças sexualmente transmissíveis; sistemas de informação.RESUMENObjetivo: describir la tendencia de morbimortalidad por SIDA en Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil, desde enero de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2006, Método: se trata de un estudio transversal descriptivo. Los datos sobre morbidez y mortalidad se obtuvieron desde las bases de datos del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación (SINAN) y del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM) disponibles en el sitio web  del Ministerio de la Salud. Resultados: del total de casos notificados de SIDA (318 casos), el 32,7% resultó en óbito. La reducción de la tasa de mortalidad es más significativa en hombres que en mujeres, sin embargo, la razón de masculinidad se observó en todos los años del estudio, con excepción del 2006. Conclusión: en Caruaru, el SIDA afecta más a las personas jóvenes, negras, de sexo masculino, con hasta 11 años de estudio y heterosexuales. Y los números de óbitos son más grandes entre las personas jóvenes, blancas, de sexo masculino y con hasta 3 años de estudio. Descriptores: síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida; perfil de salud; enfermedades sexualmente transmisibles; sistemas de información. 


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus Vieira ◽  
Ana Raquel Paz dos Reis ◽  
Francisco Ormidiel Teles de Alcânta Augusto ◽  
Karina Reis Martins ◽  
Paulo Roberto Fernandes Kern ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Soares Amorim ◽  
Denismar Borges Miranda ◽  
Renata Campos Simões Cabral ◽  
Ana Verônica Mascarenhas Batista

ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with HIV/AIDS hospitalized at the Hospital for Reference in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Method: a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. The sample comprised of patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from January to December 2008; the data was obtained from medical records upon approval by the Committee for Ethics in Research of Hospital Couto Maia (protocol 15/2009). Results: for the 194 patients studied, the average age was 37.8 years, ± 10.7 years. The predominant age group was 21 to 50 years old, which represented 87.5% of the all patients. Prior to hospitalization, about 150 patients were already diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and 54 were in regular use of antiretroviral therapy. Diarrhea, toxoplasmosis and esophageal candidiasis were the most common opportunistic diseases encountered. The average CD4 was 82 cells/mm3, ranging from 7 to 1,099. Of the 194 patients studied, 65 (33.5%) died and the highest mortality rates were attributed to Kaposi's sarcoma (75.0%) and toxoplasmosis (42.2%). Conclusions: the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients with HIV/AIDS analyzed consists of young heterosexuals adult males, who were diagnosed previously to their hospitalization and whose main reason for hospitalization was related to opportunistic diseases. Descriptors: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; health profile; aids-related opportunistic infections.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes internados com HIV/AIDS no Hospital de Referência do Estado da Bahia. Método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. A amostra foi composta pelos pacientes internados no hospital de referência no tratamento de HIV/AIDS da cidade de Salvador-Ba, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2008; os dados foram obtidos de prontuários médicos após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Couto Maia com protocolo 15/2009. Resultados: dos 194 pacientes, observou-se média de idade de 37,8 anos ± 10,7 anos. Predominou faixa etária entre 21 e 50 anos somando 87,5% dos pacientes. Cerca de 150 pacientes tinham diagnóstico prévio à internação e 54 estavam em uso regular de TARV na admissão. Diarréia, neurotoxoplasmose e candidíase esofágica foram as doenças oportunistas mais freqüentes. A mediana de CD4 foi de 82 variando de 7-1.099 células/mm3. Observou-se que, 65 (33,5%) foram a óbito e as maiores taxas de letalidade foram atribuídas ao Sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) e neurotoxoplasmose (42,2%). Conclusão: o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados em estudo é composto por adultos jovens, do gênero masculino, heterossexuais que possuíam diagnóstico prévio a internação, cujo principal motivo de internação esteve relacionado à doença oportunista. Descritores: síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida; perfil de saúde; infecções oportunistas relacionadas com a aids.RESUMENObjetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA en el hospital de referencia del estado de Bahía, Brasil. Método: estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra se compone de los pacientes ingresados en el hospital para el tratamiento del VIH/SIDA, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, entre enero y diciembre de 2008; los datos se obtuvieron a partir de los registros médicos seguidamente a la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital Couto Maia (protocolo 15/2009). Resultados: de los 194 pacientes estudiados la edad promedio fue de 37,8 años ± 10,7 años. El grupo de edad predominante fue de 21 a 50 años, lo que representa 87,5% del total de pacientes. Alrededor de 150 pacientes fueron diagnosticados antes de la admisión y 54 hacían uso regular de la terapia antirretroviral cuando del ingreso. Se observó que la diarrea, toxoplasmosis y candidiasis esofágica fueron las enfermedades oportunistas más frecuentes. El promedio de CD4 fue de 82 células/mm3, entre 7 y 1.099. De los 194 pacientes estudiados, 65 (33,5%) fallecieron y las tasas de mortalidad más altas se atribuyen al sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) y toxoplasmosis (42,2%). Conclusiones: el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA analizados se compone de jóvenes adultos, hombres, heterosexuales, que habían sido diagnosticados previamente a la hospitalización y cuyo principal motivo para el ingreso en el hospital estaba relacionado con enfermedades oportunistas. Descriptores: síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida; perfil de salud; infecciones oportunistas relacionadas con la sida.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e50926
Author(s):  
Nathally Claudiane de Souza Santos ◽  
Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro ◽  
Vanessa Tatiana de Andrade ◽  
Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira ◽  
Katiany Rizziere Caleffi-Ferracioli ◽  
...  

 Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. belong to humans’ genitourinary microbiota and sometimes are associated with infections of the genitourinary tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. in genital specimens from patients of the 15th Regional de Saúde of Paraná State, Brazil, and to correlate the results with clinical and laboratory data. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, based on the analysis of results of vaginal, endocervical, urine and urethral culture for mycoplasmas from patients attended in a reference laboratory, from January 2009 to December 2016. We evaluated 2,475 results of culture for mycoplasmas. A total of 50.8% patients were positive for mycoplasmas. Of these, 76.8% had positive culture exclusively for Ureaplasma spp. and 4.7% for Mycoplasma hominis. Both microorganisms were isolated in the microbiology culture of 18.5% of patients. Among the positive culture, 81.4% had significant concentrations. Bacterial vaginosis was the most common alteration observed in association with mycoplasmas. The high positivity of cultures for mycoplasmas, especially Ureaplasma spp. found in our study, highlight the presence of these microorganisms in many of the genital tract disorders that can be sexually transmitted and, consequently, should not be neglected.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manyun Li ◽  
Jiang Long ◽  
Xuyi Wang ◽  
Yanhui Liao ◽  
Yueheng Liu ◽  
...  

Objective: To understand the current situation of stigmatizing attitudes toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and compare it with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods: Convenient sampling and vignette-based methods were used to recruit participants on WeChat. A demographic form and adopted stigma scale were used to collect participants' demographic information and stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 and AIDS.Results: A total of 13,994 questionnaires were included in this study. A high portion of participants tend to avoid contact with individuals affected with COVID-19 (74.3%) or AIDS (59.0%), as well as their family members (70.4% for COVID-19 and 47.9% for AIDS). About half of the participants agreed that affected persons could not only cause problems to their own family but also have adverse effects on others (59.6% and 55.6% for COVID-19, 56.9 and 47.0% for AIDS). The agreements with statements about perceived stigma were similar but slightly higher than those about personal stigma in both COVID-19 and AIDS. Participants' agreements with all statements regarding personal and perceived stigma attitudes between COVID-19 and AIDS were all statistically significant (p < 0.001). Participants obtained COVID-19-related information mainly from social media (91.3%) and newspaper or television (77.1%) during the epidemic, and 61.0% of them thought information from newspapers or television was the most reliable.Conclusion: Several similarities and differences of people's attitude toward COVID-19 and AIDS were found. Avoidance, blame, and secondary discrimination to diagnosed persons and their surrounding persons were the main representations of COVID-19-related stigma. Stigma of COVID-19 had less moral link but more public panic. Experience from HIV-related stigma reduction and prevention can be applied to reduce COVID-19-related stigma.


F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mundeep K. Kainth ◽  
Susan G. Fisher ◽  
Diana Fernandez ◽  
Amneris Luque ◽  
Caroline B. Hall ◽  
...  

We conducted a cross-sectional investigation to identify evidence of a potential modifying effect of chromosomally integrated human herpes virus 6 (ciHHV-6) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression and/or severity. ciHHV-6 was identified by detecting HHV-6 DNA in hair follicle specimens of 439 subjects. There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of ciHHV-6 and HIV disease progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, after adjusting for use of antiretroviral therapy, all subjects with ciHHV-6 had low severity HIV disease; these findings were not statistically significant. A multi-center study with a larger sample size will be needed to more precisely determine if there is an association between ciHHV-6 and low HIV disease severity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samikshya Kandel ◽  
Sundar Khadka ◽  
Mahesh Lamsal ◽  
Bimlesh Jha ◽  
Sunil Paudyal ◽  
...  

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus that causes human immunodeficiency virus infection and over time, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell count of people living with this infection play a vital role to determine infection progression and necessary treatment changes. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of low Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T Cell Count in the People Living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between June to August 2018 in the Human Immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis Reference Unit of National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population Teku. Ethical approval was taken (Reference Number 2912) and a total of 550 seropositive cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 undergoing antiretroviral therapy were studied. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Seventeen (3.1%) of patients had Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell counts below 100 cells/mm3 of blood. The mean Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell count was 509.3 cells/mm3 of blood. Of the total samples, 280 (50.9%) were males, 268 (48.7%) were females, and the rest 2 (0.4%) were of other gender. Conclusions: Majority of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were found immune-competent.


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