scholarly journals A Comparison of COVID-19 Stigma and AIDS Stigma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manyun Li ◽  
Jiang Long ◽  
Xuyi Wang ◽  
Yanhui Liao ◽  
Yueheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Aids Stigma ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Objective: To understand the current situation of stigmatizing attitudes toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and compare it with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods: Convenient sampling and vignette-based methods were used to recruit participants on WeChat. A demographic form and adopted stigma scale were used to collect participants' demographic information and stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 and AIDS.Results: A total of 13,994 questionnaires were included in this study. A high portion of participants tend to avoid contact with individuals affected with COVID-19 (74.3%) or AIDS (59.0%), as well as their family members (70.4% for COVID-19 and 47.9% for AIDS). About half of the participants agreed that affected persons could not only cause problems to their own family but also have adverse effects on others (59.6% and 55.6% for COVID-19, 56.9 and 47.0% for AIDS). The agreements with statements about perceived stigma were similar but slightly higher than those about personal stigma in both COVID-19 and AIDS. Participants' agreements with all statements regarding personal and perceived stigma attitudes between COVID-19 and AIDS were all statistically significant (p < 0.001). Participants obtained COVID-19-related information mainly from social media (91.3%) and newspaper or television (77.1%) during the epidemic, and 61.0% of them thought information from newspapers or television was the most reliable.Conclusion: Several similarities and differences of people's attitude toward COVID-19 and AIDS were found. Avoidance, blame, and secondary discrimination to diagnosed persons and their surrounding persons were the main representations of COVID-19-related stigma. Stigma of COVID-19 had less moral link but more public panic. Experience from HIV-related stigma reduction and prevention can be applied to reduce COVID-19-related stigma.

scholarly journals Settings for identifying recent HIV infections: the Portuguese experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Cortes Martins ◽  
M T Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Western European Country ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

Portugal has been the western European country with the highest rate of notified acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases since 1999 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cases since 2000. Nonetheless, exact information on the magnitude and trends of recently acquired infections is missing. In a cross-sectional study we aimed to determine HIV prevalence, the proportion of recently acquired infections and the incidence among patients attending a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) clinic and among HIV positive cases tested at the AIDS Reference Laboratory (ARL), by using the Avidity Index (AI) of antibodies to identify recent HIV-1 seroconversions. Demographic and behavioural data were collected. At the STI clinic 253 patients were enrolled, 16 were found to be HIV infected (14 HIV-1, 2 HIV-2) and a prevalence of 6.3% was obtained. Four recent HIV-1 infections were identified and the HIV-1 incidence was 3.3% per year. At the ARL, 332 newly diagnosed cases of HIV-1 infection were studied, 59 (17.8%) were recent infections and an annual incidence of 4.1% was estimated. These findings support STI clinics as key sentinel sites for recently acquired HIV infections and illustrate the viability of testing for recent HIV infections in these settings and reinforce the value of this method in the surveillance for better monitoring current trends of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Portugal.

scholarly journals Characteristics relating to the interiorization of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus Vieira ◽  
Ana Raquel Paz dos Reis ◽  
Francisco Ormidiel Teles de Alcânta Augusto ◽  
Karina Reis Martins ◽  
Paulo Roberto Fernandes Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with hiv/aids hospitalized at the hospital for reference in the state of Bahia, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Soares Amorim ◽  
Denismar Borges Miranda ◽  
Renata Campos Simões Cabral ◽  
Ana Verônica Mascarenhas Batista
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with HIV/AIDS hospitalized at the Hospital for Reference in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Method: a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. The sample comprised of patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from January to December 2008; the data was obtained from medical records upon approval by the Committee for Ethics in Research of Hospital Couto Maia (protocol 15/2009). Results: for the 194 patients studied, the average age was 37.8 years, ± 10.7 years. The predominant age group was 21 to 50 years old, which represented 87.5% of the all patients. Prior to hospitalization, about 150 patients were already diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and 54 were in regular use of antiretroviral therapy. Diarrhea, toxoplasmosis and esophageal candidiasis were the most common opportunistic diseases encountered. The average CD4 was 82 cells/mm3, ranging from 7 to 1,099. Of the 194 patients studied, 65 (33.5%) died and the highest mortality rates were attributed to Kaposi's sarcoma (75.0%) and toxoplasmosis (42.2%). Conclusions: the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients with HIV/AIDS analyzed consists of young heterosexuals adult males, who were diagnosed previously to their hospitalization and whose main reason for hospitalization was related to opportunistic diseases. Descriptors: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; health profile; aids-related opportunistic infections.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes internados com HIV/AIDS no Hospital de Referência do Estado da Bahia. Método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. A amostra foi composta pelos pacientes internados no hospital de referência no tratamento de HIV/AIDS da cidade de Salvador-Ba, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2008; os dados foram obtidos de prontuários médicos após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Couto Maia com protocolo 15/2009. Resultados: dos 194 pacientes, observou-se média de idade de 37,8 anos ± 10,7 anos. Predominou faixa etária entre 21 e 50 anos somando 87,5% dos pacientes. Cerca de 150 pacientes tinham diagnóstico prévio à internação e 54 estavam em uso regular de TARV na admissão. Diarréia, neurotoxoplasmose e candidíase esofágica foram as doenças oportunistas mais freqüentes. A mediana de CD4 foi de 82 variando de 7-1.099 células/mm3. Observou-se que, 65 (33,5%) foram a óbito e as maiores taxas de letalidade foram atribuídas ao Sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) e neurotoxoplasmose (42,2%). Conclusão: o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados em estudo é composto por adultos jovens, do gênero masculino, heterossexuais que possuíam diagnóstico prévio a internação, cujo principal motivo de internação esteve relacionado à doença oportunista. Descritores: síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida; perfil de saúde; infecções oportunistas relacionadas com a aids.RESUMENObjetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA en el hospital de referencia del estado de Bahía, Brasil. Método: estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra se compone de los pacientes ingresados en el hospital para el tratamiento del VIH/SIDA, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, entre enero y diciembre de 2008; los datos se obtuvieron a partir de los registros médicos seguidamente a la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital Couto Maia (protocolo 15/2009). Resultados: de los 194 pacientes estudiados la edad promedio fue de 37,8 años ± 10,7 años. El grupo de edad predominante fue de 21 a 50 años, lo que representa 87,5% del total de pacientes. Alrededor de 150 pacientes fueron diagnosticados antes de la admisión y 54 hacían uso regular de la terapia antirretroviral cuando del ingreso. Se observó que la diarrea, toxoplasmosis y candidiasis esofágica fueron las enfermedades oportunistas más frecuentes. El promedio de CD4 fue de 82 células/mm3, entre 7 y 1.099. De los 194 pacientes estudiados, 65 (33,5%) fallecieron y las tasas de mortalidad más altas se atribuyen al sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) y toxoplasmosis (42,2%). Conclusiones: el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA analizados se compone de jóvenes adultos, hombres, heterosexuales, que habían sido diagnosticados previamente a la hospitalización y cuyo principal motivo para el ingreso en el hospital estaba relacionado con enfermedades oportunistas. Descriptores: síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida; perfil de salud; infecciones oportunistas relacionadas con la sida.

scholarly journals HIV-Related Knowledge and Stigma Among the General Population in the Southeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahlagha Dehghan ◽  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Sima Mokhtarabadi ◽  
Fatemeh Tavakoli ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes

Background: HIV-related stigma is a barrier to effective HIV responses among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: The current study aimed at measuring HIV-related stigma, and its associated factors among the general population in the Southeast of Iran. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 900 individuals in Kerman, Southeast of Iran, from July to September 2016. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including (I) demographic and background characteristics; (II) HIV-related stigma; and (III) HIV-related knowledge. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics, as well as bivariable and multivariable linear regressions. Results: Low, moderate, and high levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLHIV were reported by 39.1%, 57.8%, and 3.1% of the participants, respectively. Female sex(beta = 0.33, P value = 0.01) and those not having a history of HIV testing (beta = 0.45, P value < 0.001) had, on average, higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes, while those with a higher level of education (beta = -0.97, P value < 0.001) had, on average, lower levels of stigmatizing attitudes. Conclusions: Gender-sensitive educational interventions need to be developed to reduce the negative attitude towards PLHIV in Iran.

scholarly journals Stigmatization among People Living with HIV/AIDS at the Kumba Health District, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 232595821989930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Obinchemti Egbe ◽  
Cynthia Adanze Nge ◽  
Hermann Ngouekam ◽  
Etienne Asonganyi ◽  
Dickson Shey Nsagha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Health District ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

We determined the level, type of stigma, and risk factors associated with stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) by conducting a cross-sectional study from April to June 2018 in 3 HIV treatment centers in the Kumba Health District (KHD), Cameroon. We reviewed hospital registers, conducted focus group discussions, and administered structured questionnaires. For data analysis, we used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. We recorded a total stigma index score of 59.1. Internal stigma (odds ratio [OR] 2.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74-4.98) was common in PLWHA. Also, younger age <30 years (adjusted OR [AOR]: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17-0.94) was linked with stigma reduction while low level of education (AOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.02-2.97) increased the stigma level. HIV-related stigma is pervasive in the lives of PLWHA, with most of them having internal stigmatization. Appropriate health education on HIV will be crucial in reducing stigmatization in the KHD.

scholarly journals Understanding the association between chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 and HIV disease: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mundeep K. Kainth ◽  
Susan G. Fisher ◽  
Diana Fernandez ◽  
Amneris Luque ◽  
Caroline B. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

We conducted a cross-sectional investigation to identify evidence of a potential modifying effect of chromosomally integrated human herpes virus 6 (ciHHV-6) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression and/or severity. ciHHV-6 was identified by detecting HHV-6 DNA in hair follicle specimens of 439 subjects. There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of ciHHV-6 and HIV disease progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, after adjusting for use of antiretroviral therapy, all subjects with ciHHV-6 had low severity HIV disease; these findings were not statistically significant. A multi-center study with a larger sample size will be needed to more precisely determine if there is an association between ciHHV-6 and low HIV disease severity.

scholarly journals Low Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T Cell Count in People Living with HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy Visiting a Reference Laboratory: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samikshya Kandel ◽  
Sundar Khadka ◽  
Mahesh Lamsal ◽  
Bimlesh Jha ◽  
Sunil Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus that causes human immunodeficiency virus infection and over time, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell count of people living with this infection play a vital role to determine infection progression and necessary treatment changes. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of low Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T Cell Count in the People Living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between June to August 2018 in the Human Immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis Reference Unit of National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population Teku. Ethical approval was taken (Reference Number 2912) and a total of 550 seropositive cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 undergoing antiretroviral therapy were studied. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Seventeen (3.1%) of patients had Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell counts below 100 cells/mm3 of blood. The mean Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T cell count was 509.3 cells/mm3 of blood. Of the total samples, 280 (50.9%) were males, 268 (48.7%) were females, and the rest 2 (0.4%) were of other gender. Conclusions: Majority of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were found immune-competent.

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