scholarly journals International surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe: now we also need to monitor antibiotic use

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L A M Bronzwaer ◽  
U Buchholz ◽  
J. L. Kool
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
European Union ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Prolonged Hospital Stay ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

With travel and trade within the European Union (EU) increasing over the years, the risk of dissemination of (resistant) pathogens grows. Many studies have shown that there is a growing problem with antimicrobial resistance. For example, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was initially largely a problem of hospitals, but it is now increasingly reported as a community acquired infection. Certain strains have been shown to spread between European countries. Antimicrobial resistance may result in prolonged hospital stay, higher costs, and higher morbidity or even mortality.

scholarly journals Hospital use of antibiotics as the main driver of infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria – a reanalysis of recent data from the European Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias M. Fischer ◽  
Matthias Bild
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hospital Sector ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Resistance Rates

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance in bacteria causes significant morbidity worldwide. The development and acquisition of resistance to antibiotics is believed to primarily develop under the selective pressure of widespread antibiotic use in humans, however antimicrobial usage in livestock has been proposed as additional, if not principal, driver of antibiotic resistance. In this work, we correlate recent data from the European Union on antibiotic resistance rates with data on antibiotic usage in the primary care and hospital sector and data on veterinary antimicrobial consumption across the individual member states. We quantify the strength of these different potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in order to compare their biological importance. We found that the correlation between antibiotic use in the hospital sector and antibiotic resistance rates is significantly higher than the correlation between resistance rates and any of the other two predictors. This suggests increased antibiotic use in hospitals as the main driver of the development of antibiotic resistances and necessitates further research on and a re-evaluation of the risks associated with antibiotic use in human and veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Emergence of a new community acquired MRSA strain in Germany

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Witte ◽  
C Cuny ◽  
B Strommenger ◽  
C Braulke ◽  
D Heuck
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
European Union ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
New Community ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Analysis of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (c-MRSA) from Germany producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin revealed a unique SmaI-macrorestriction pattern, different from epidemic nosocomial strains. This molecular pattern corresponds to those shown in c-MRSA strains from other countries in the European Union. All isolates exhibited resistance to fusidic acid, which is coded by the far-1 gene. From data on geographical dissemination and time of occurrence, this strain appears to have emerged in Germany in the second half of 2002, and so an already wider dissemination is likely. The emergence of MRSA with resistance to fusidic acid is a first sign of the emergence of a PVL-positive MRSA clone.

scholarly journals National policies for preventing antimicrobial resistance - the situation in 17 European countries in late 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Therre
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
European Countries ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
National System ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Set Up

A survey carried out within Member States of the European Union and Norway shows that in all but two countries national surveillance of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics existed in December 2000. In Italy, Ireland and Scotland, the systems were set up very recently (respectively in 1998, 1999 and 1999). Moreover, excepting of Ireland and Scotland, all countries have a national system for data collection on the consumption of antibiotics, namely since 2000 in Austria, Italy and Luxembourg. Several of these systems were set up after 1998 when the recommendations of the European conference ‘The Microbial Threat’ held in Copenhague were published. In addition, a certain number of other measures have been undertaken since then: education campaigns to the population in England and Wales, in Ireland or in France, creation of committees specifically in charge of consumption surveillance in Italy or of the prevention of resistance in Belgium or in Ireland, publications of recommendations on the good use of antibiotics in Austria and in Finland, etc.

scholarly journals Outpatient consumption of antibiotics is linked to antibiotic resistance in Europe: results from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Johnson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

There is increasing recognition that antibiotic consumption provides a major selective pressure for the emergence and persistence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. In 2001, a European Union Council Recommendation stated that data should be gathered on antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in European countries

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Surgical Wards of the Port-of-Spain General Hospital, Trinidad and Tobago

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
MJ Ramdass ◽  
S Balliram ◽  
A Cadan ◽  
N Bhaggan ◽  
B Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Previous Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with soft tissue infections in surgical patients. In severe cases, it may result in pneumonia, septicaemia and osteomyelitis. Limited data are available with regard to its prevalence and associations in the Caribbean. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MRSA in patients hospitalized in the surgical wards of the Port-of-Spain General Hospital (POSGH), Trinidad and Tobago, and determine associated risk factors. Methods: Over the period of April 1 to August 1, 2013, all patients from the surgical wards of the POSGH who had had wound swabs taken were identified. Demographic data included duration of hospital stay, surgical and medical history, antibiotic use and type of wound swab. Microbiological reports were then retrieved and analyses done. Results: A total of 153 patients had wound swabs taken. There were 38 patients (24%) infected with Staphylococcus aureus, with 15 (39.5%) growing MRSA. Increased susceptibility to MRSA was associated with age, gender, ethnicity, duration of hospital stay, co-morbidities, previous antibiotic use, previous surgery and the type of wound (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA in the surgical wards of the POSGH was 39.5% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Risk factors included the age range of 60–69 years, patients with co-morbidities, hospital stays of longer than one week, previous surgery and prior use of antibiotics. We recommend more awareness of this problem in the practice of Caribbean medicine to improve infection rates.

Library and Museum Collections Digitization Projects in Finland

2009 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Chechikova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Heritage

Digitization of a national cultural and scientific heritage is one of the long-term strategic problems of the European countries’ governments. Member countries of the European Union make major efforts in providing access to their cultural heritage. In the article the process of an access provision is described for Finland.

A study on the design of a wardrobe, for patients bed-ridden with cancer, applying the knowledge of anonymous design

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Naoko Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Prolonged Hospital Stay ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Hospital Gowns ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

The majority of human beings will be admitted to hospital at some point over the course of their lives. For the more fortunate among us, these hospital stays will be brief and will barely register as a significant experience. However, for others, being admitted for weeks or months at a time will be necessary in order to combat and recover from whatever it was that made admittance to hospital necessary. While it is easy to think of many reasons why a prolonged hospital stay might be undesirable, one that may escape our attention is the clothes that are worn by patients during their stay. Once a patient has been assigned a bed, they are often given a gown which they put on without thought and then lie down. The gowns that are given to patients are generally designed with healthcare professionals in mind. For example, in Japan pyjamas and yukata (bathrobes) are used as hospital gowns because they have a front opening that is easy to use during treatment and nursing care. In addition, the other gowns can be opened from the ankle to the crotch using the zip. Dr Naoko Fujii has focused her career on designing clothes for hospital patients and believes that there is a way to satisfy the practical needs of a hospital and the care it gives at the same time as satisfying the requirements of patients. She is now focusing her attention on this challenge.

scholarly journals European Union One Health Country Visits as Driver to Combat on Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s222-s222
Author(s):  
Pita Spruijt ◽  
Paul Bergervoet ◽  
Robbin Westerhof ◽  
Merel Langelaar ◽  
Marie-Cécile Ploy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
One Health ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Review System ◽  
Set Up

Background: In 2016, the European Union adopted unanimously Council Conclusions on the next steps to combat antimicrobial resistance under a One Health approach. To implement some of the provisions laid down in the Council Conclusions, a European Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCAI) or EU-JAMRAI was set up, gathering 44 partners. Methods: As part of EU-JAMRAI, 13 participating European countries set up a country-to-country peer review system to evaluate each other’s national action plans (NAPs). This review system entailed a self-assessment, strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threats (SWOT) analysis, and country visits. All steps were executed with representatives from both the human and the veterinary domains (One Health approach). Special attention was given to supervision and the way supervision can enhance the implementation of guidelines on AMR, both at the policy level and within healthcare institutions. Results: Despite differences in the stage of developing and implementing NAPs, all 13 countries are working on NAPs. In this process, country visits function as a moment to exchange best practices and to provide an outsider’s point of view. At the end of 2019, 13 country-to-country visits had taken place, resulting in tailor-made recommendations for each country. These recommendations were shared with the competent authority. An example is a country that used the recommendation to improve infection prevention as an immediate reason to get the topic on the agenda of the Ministry of Health. During the country visits, intersectoral participation was perceived as desirable, but in some cases it was challenging to arrange. For some highly relevant topics, it has been recognized that discussion should take place on a European level. Examples of such topics include supervision, infection prevention guidelines, funding, surveillance, and regular audits of antibiotic prescriptions for physicians including feedback loops. Conclusions: Peer review is a cooperative and friendly working method compared to common audits. The country visits function as an agenda setting tool to get or to keep AMR on the political agenda and presenting the most relevant topic(s) to address for each country.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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