scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ALEN, M. MONTESORI AND S. FRENE’s PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E Martianova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Educational Methods ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Double Function ◽  
Main Components ◽  
New Generation

The article examines the main pedagogical concepts of the 20th century, the authors of which are scientists M. Montessori, S. Frenne and Alain (Emile-Auguste Chartier). Their main aim was to find pedagogical ways to improve the educational system and bring up new generation which was capable to face new life demands. The child should not be a reservoir of knowledge, but he had to be educated as a thinking creature that combines intelligence, creativity and subconscious. Three scholars had the main humanistic ideas of learning that would allow a child to develop his natural properties and opportunities. They agreed that the first step in acquiring the necessary skills was developing of self-discipline. Despite following the main vector for learning, scientists used different educational methods and approaches. The main components which should be presented in teacher, according to M. Montessori are the ability to create comfortable and creative environment; to communicate with the students and to observe their work. The main elements of the pedagogical model by S. Frene, which stimulate the students’ interest in learning, are analyzed. The most famous examples are free text methods, educational cards, school printing and magazines which, according to the educator, can grow students’ interest, as curiosity is the best encouragement for learning. The idea of Alain’s educational double function, which consists of preparing for the present and future difficulties, is observed. Having compared the scholar’s pedagogical concepts, we have emphasized the basic principles of teaching, which are used nowadays. They are the principles of freedom and discipline, the principle of mentoring, the principle of favorable environment and the principle of working capacity.

John of Kronshtadt and Leo Tolstoy

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Peter A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Common People ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Components

The article provides a comparative analysis of the influence of L.N. Tolstoy and I.I. Sergiev (John of Kronstadt) on the formation of personal worldview in Russian society. The analysis is based on the testimonies of the contemporaries and the previously not reissued publication of “Novy Put” (“New Way”) journal on the subject. In the context of the declared problematics, special attention is paid to the question of transformation of religious consciousness in the course of the personality formation in relation to the period under consideration (the beginning of the 20th century). The author reveals and analyzes the main components of the life stand of Tolstoy and Father John of Kronstadt in the context of their influence on contemporaries. The results of the study allow to reveal the following antitheses that characterize Tolstoy and John of Kronstadt, respectively: doubt - faith, search for oneself – following the once chosen path, preaching of non-resistance as part of the philosophy of not-doing (not doing evil) – preaching of active upholding of faith (doing good), “simple living” – real life with and for common people.

The application of educational teaching methods in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Marchenko ◽  
Irina Soshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Role Playing ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Educational Methods ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Clear Idea

The article reveals the content of modern training technologies for internal affairs bodies; approaches are presented to training and education of cadets and students of educational organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and educational methods the foundation of which is formed value content of professional activities: patriotism and citizenship, service to the Fatherland and interests of the people, loyalty to the law and official duty. The authors propose specific methods (case methods, group discussions, role-playing and business games) for use during seminars and practical classes in the discipline «Professional ethics and official etiquette». These methods are active and interactive, and their content is based on the appeal to literary and cinematic works on the activities of law enforcement officers on various stages of national history. The article is of methodological interest for scientific and academicians of educational organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, teaching humanities. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of educational methods of teaching in the classroom gives cadets and listeners a clear idea of the main components of professional activity and official duty, morality and law, strengthens the understanding of the continuity of the glorious traditions of previous generations of employees of the internal affairs bodies, allows creating the Ministry of Internal Affairs in educational organizations Russia a favorable upbringing environment and qualitatively raise the level of practical readiness of graduates for professional activities.

Epidemics and History: Multiple Approaches to the Subject

2021 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Mikhel
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The problems of epidemics have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The history of epidemics has its own historiography, which dates to the physician Hippocrates and the historian Thucydides. Up to the 19th century, historians followed their ideas, but due to the progress in medical knowledge that began at that time, they almost lost interest in the problems of epidemics. In the early 20th century, due to the development of microbiology and epidemiology, a new form of the historiography of epidemics emerged: the natural history of diseases which was developed by microbiologists. At the same time, medical history was reborn, and its representatives saw their task as proving to physicians the usefulness of studying ancient medical texts. Among the representatives of the new generation of medical historians, authors who contributed to the development of the historiography of epidemics eventually emerged. By the end of the 20th century, they included many physician-enthusiasts. Since the 1970s, influenced by many factors, more and more professional historians, for whom the history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of society. The last quarter-century has also seen rapid growth in popular historiography of epidemics, made possible by the activation of various humanities researchers and journalists trying to make the history of epidemics more lively and emotional. A great influence on the spread of new approaches to the study of the history of epidemics is now being exerted by the media, focusing public attention on the new threats to human civilization in the form of modern epidemics.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS OF ENTERPRISE LOGISTIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Sysoiev ◽  
Viktoria Pysmak
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Timely Response ◽  
Enterprise Logistics ◽  
Main Components

 The main theoretical and methodological provisions of diagnostics of enterprise logistic activity as a tool of management process are investigated, it provides timely response to problems in organization of the enterprise logistics system and creation of preconditions for increasing the efficiency of its logistic activity. The mechanism of diagnostics of enterprise logistic activity in the form of a complex system, which integrates indicators, methods, special measures and procedures of research of its results in the conditions of various influence factors is proposed, is based on the basic principles of economic diagnostics and aims at achieving the goals of diagnostics. The essence of the main components of the diagnostic mechanism of enterprise logistic activity is revealed, their variety, interdependence and peculiarities of application are shown, that provides complexity and consistency in the study of a wide range of issues of organization and operation of the enterprise logistics system, as well as in evaluating the effectiveness of logistic solutions.  

Instrument for Studying Wake Fields Influence to International Linear Collider High Intensity Bunch

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Petr Bak ◽  
Dmitriy Bolkhovityanov ◽  
Andrey Korepanov ◽  
Pavel Logatchev ◽  
Dmitriy Malyutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Beam Interaction ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Wake Fields

Instrument for bunch tilt measurements in linear collider is presented. Electron beam probe basic principles are described and method of bunch tilt measurements is discussed. The simulation results of testing beam interaction with tilted relativistic bunch are presented. Main components of the bunch tilt measurement error are determined.

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
WARREN W. QUILLIAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Progress ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
The People ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
New Generation

Economic and social progress in our practice depends upon the sustained interest and the effort of the individual physician. Courage and faith are necessary foundations for action in this critical year of decision, and there is every reason to believe that the new generation of pediatricians has every qualification necessary to continue the quest for better health among children. His adventure in "practical idealism" will not be an easy one. But, fortified by the assurance of his noble heritage of accomplishment and adherence to high standards, he will accept the challenge of the future with a deep sense of responsibility. He will keep faith with those who have gone before, and attempt to retain the confidence and trust of the people as did our fathers, by holding high the banner of service. The price of success in this undertaking involves a determination to reach our objectives regardless of adverse circumstances, concentration on the immediate problems, and by long range plans for fulfilling our obligations to the children of America. Frustration and differences of opinion are inevitable. Changing conditions require flexibility in our adaptation to existing needs. Let us keep our eyes upon the stars, but our feet upon the ground! Our responsibilities are great. The Dean of the School of Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Dr. William S. Middleton, recently stated the challenge in these words: "Make no small plans; they have no magic to stir man's soul!" Medicine progresses, even in a troubled world. Changes in governments, in laws and controls, have not interfered with this progress. Civilizations of the past have been destroyed by the decay and infamy and greed within their own structure. Let us renew our faith in the simple basic principles, which have characterized the growth and development of the Academy for 22 years.

The birth and evolution of American elitology in the XX — early XXI century

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
A.P. Khlynin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
American School ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
New Class ◽  
Professional Managers ◽  
Liberal Democratic

This study analyzed in details the genesis of American school of study of elites in the period from the middle of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. In this case the author makes an attempt to classify the main phases of American elitology from the 40s of the 20th century. Based on an analysis of papers of well-known American sociologists and political scientists who study elites, the author states the main approaches in relation to the study of elites. Thus, in the 1940s, the dominant approach to understanding elites was the liberal-democratic, according to which access to the elites is open for everyone who has extra skills in different spheres of society. At the same time stands a technocratic approach, which define elite as a group of professional managers who form a new class of technocracy. In 50s–60s liberal-democratic approach has been criticized by left-wing approach. From this point, elite was defined as a narrow layer of financiers and persons, who are close to the president, and this layer is closed. In the 60s–70s, the most popular approach of studying elites was pluralism. According to which, elite has no monolithic origin — it is a complex of interconnected independent elites. From the beginning of the 70s, the basic principles of pluralism have been criticized by neoelitism, according to which the most elite representatives included in most elite groups simultaneously. The late 20th — early 21st century can be characterized in two ways: dispute between pluralists and neoelitists and attempts to operationalize the concept of elite.

Control Engineering at High Schools and Universities

2016 ◽  
pp. 141-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Shirokolobov ◽  
Sergey Filippov ◽  
Roman Luchin ◽  
Kirill Ovchinnikov ◽  
Alexander Fradkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Real Life ◽  
State University ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Target Interception ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Testing Group

The joint project of St. Petersburg State University and St. Petersburg Phys & Math Lyceum 239 “Cyberphysical laboratory” has started in 2008. As a result of the project the technique of teaching the elements of the control theory at school has been developed. Using the simple devices on the basis of Lego Mindstorms NXT, students of elementary school have started to master a science currently accessible only to high school or university students. In the first part of the chapter some ideas and recent findings of the project are described. In the second part of the chapter the testbed for studying and testing group control algorithms is presented. The main components and the basic principles of the testbed are described. Algorithms for target interception combined with collision avoidance are discussed and two different solutions are given. A comparison between real-life experiments and computer modeling is included.

The Anarchic Principle of Christian Eschatology in the Eucharistic Tradition of the Eastern Church

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Panteleimon Manoussakis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
The End Of History ◽  
To Come ◽  
Theological Understanding ◽  
New Generation

Theology in the 20th century witnessed a shift in emphasis: The talk about the last things did not have to come last any more as the traditional handbooks of systematic theology would have it; eschatology was no longer one branch of theology among others but lay at the center of our understanding of the Christian faith. My purpose in this essay is to go a step further than this rearrangement in theological discourse and examine a reversal within the theological understanding of eschatology itself. In the wake of the work of the Metropolitan of Pergamon John (Zizioulas), a different understanding of eschatology has emerged, one that recognizes in the Parousia not only the event that stands at the end of history (the apocalyptic closure of time with which certain Christian groups have always had a fascination), but also as that event that, grounded in the Eucharist, flows continuously from the and permeates every moment in history. In the following discussion I wish to trace and spell out the implications of such a novel understanding of eschatology for our theologies today. As my guides in this exploration, I take the theology of John Zizioulas and certain insights that recent research in phenomenology has placed at theology's service. This association might seem strange to the reader: What does the theology of things-to-come have in common with the philosophy of things-themselves? I would like to propose that phenomenology, especially as it has been recently formulated by a new generation of phenomenologists, such as Jean-Luc Marion, Jean-Yves Lacoste, and Richard Kearney, can be a very helpful instrument in the hands of eucharistic eschatology in its effort to rescue eschatology from the twin risks of either immanentizing it or relegating it to an end-of-times utopia. Furthermore, the structure of an “inverted intentionality,” as exemplified by certain liturgical forms such as hymnology and iconography, will be suggested as the precise point of phenomenology's convergence with eucharistic eschatology. I write with the conviction that eschatology is in essence a “liberation” theology (freeing us from the moralistic and sociological constellations of this world) and that, as my concluding remarks illustrate, it has real, practical, day-to-day consequences for the ways we conduct our lives and our relationships with others.

On the issue of the examination of working capacity in Russia in the 20th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
S.N. Puzin ◽  
◽  
S.B. Shevchenko ◽  
L.A. Gridin ◽  
M.A. Shurgaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Working Capacity
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