scholarly journals Snake-Bite with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and Stage II Hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Subroto ◽  
Leni Lismayanti
Keyword(s):  
Snake Bite ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Emergency Case ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
D Dimer

Snake-bite is an important medical emergency case and caused of many hospitaladmission especially in the rural area, forests, plantations and swamps. Despite its importance,there have been fewer proper data of snake-bite incidence in Indonesia. World HealthOrganization estimate that at least 421,000 envenomings and 20,000 deaths from snakebitesoccur each year, especially in South and South East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The authorsreport a case of a 76-year-old man came to Hasan Sadikin Hospital with chief complaint woundin his right hand and right forearm from snake-bite. Snake-bites can cause DIC because thevenom activates the coagulation system and cause fibrinolysis which occurs in less than 24hours. Laboratory results, we found abnormalities such as anemia, thrombocytopenia,hypofibrinogenemia, and increased levels of D-dimer. Patients were treated for 8 days and thenallowed to go home. Snake-bite is an occupational disease of farmers, plantation workers,herdsmen, fishermen, other. Snake bite cases require prompt and comprehensive managementso as to minimize the possibility of disability and death.Keywords: snake bite, DIC, hypertension

Tracking Development in South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: The Primacy of Policy

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. s5-s24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kees van Donge ◽  
David Henley ◽  
Peter Lewis
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Malarial Related Myopathies: A Rhabdomyolysis Story

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Forman Erwin Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Muscle Capillaries

Malaria is amongst the most prevalent and epidemiologically relevant global parasitic protozoan infections. It is infecting millions of people annually, especially in south east Asia and sub Saharan Africa. Its morbidity and mortality still cannot be controlled entirely and elimination is still far away. Children and pregnant women are among the most vulnerable group in the population. Its pathobiology have related to cause direct or indirect deleterious effect on the patient’s skeletal muscle, named rhabdomyolysis. Eventhough it is very rare, but potentially fatal and lethal. Three mechanism of malaria related rhabdomyolysis are very intense inflammatory response, extensive red cells sequestration in muscle capillaries due to severe anemia and the parasite toxin’s, will  lead to or add risks of complication. Derangement of specific type of muscle, named the skeletal and cardiac, is amongst the earliest sign of severe malaria. Further study need to be conducted in the future, especially on important topics about mechanism and its effect, signaling pathways, best practice on laboratory approach and management strategy best practice.

scholarly journals A study to assess the clinical profile of patients with snake bites in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Keshava Murthy M. R. ◽  
Aruna C. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Snake Bites

Background: Snakebite is a life-threatening medical emergency. It occurs frequently among rural people, especially those working in the fields. Most houses in rural areas of India are made of mud and have many crevices where rodents flourish. Delay in seeking medical aid or ignorance among primary care physicians about the correct treatment of snakebite is responsible for the high morbidity and mortality. Authors objective was to study the clinical profile of snake bite at a rural tertiary care centre.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at M S Rammaih Medical College Bangalore from   June 2017 to June 2018.  The incidence of Snake bite in Karnataka is 0.5% and at 95% confidence interval with Margin of error at 1% the estimated sample size was 197, but in this study author were able to collect data of 237 cases, hence all the cases were included in the study and analyzed.Results: Majority of the respondents were middle aged between 21-50 years. Around 63.3% of the respondents were male and nearly 56.2% were farmers. The incidence of snake bite of Cobra was seen in 8.9%, Krait 5.1% and viper 4.2%. Around 70% patients had no significant complications following hospitalization in our study. Around 20% had hematotoxic like ARF, DIC and local gangrene.Conclusions: Snakebite is one of the common hazards especially in rural setup as agriculture being the main occupation. Snake bite can present with various manifestations at bite sites, neurotoxicity, hematotoxicity.

scholarly journals Lipidome profiles of plasma microvesicles differ in experimental cerebral malaria, compared to malaria without neurological complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani M Batarseh ◽  
Fatemeh Vafaee ◽  
Elham Hosseini-Beheshti ◽  
Alex Chen ◽  
Amy Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Fatal Complication ◽  
Experimental Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Experimental Mouse Model ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACTCerebral malaria (CM), a fatal complication of Plasmodium infection that affects children in sub-Saharan Africa and adults in South-East Asia, results from incompletely understood pathogenetic mechanisms, which include an excessive release of microvesicles (MV). Plasma MV levels have been found elevated in CM patients and in the experimental mouse model.We compared lipid profiles in circulating MV purified from CBA mice infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA), which causes CM, to those from P. yoelii (Py), which does not. Here we show that plasma MV produced at the time of CM differed dramatically from those from non-CM mice, in spite of identical levels of parasitaemia. Using high-resolution LCMS, we identified over 300 lipid species within 12 lipid classes. Total lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) levels were significantly lower in PbA infection compared to uninfected mice, while they were unchanged in Py MV, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was more significantly reduced in PbA mice compared to the other two groups. These results suggest, for the time, that experimental CM is characterised by specific changes in lipid composition of circulating MV, pointing towards triglycerides (TG) especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6) containing species, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LPC, LPE, and diacylglycerol (DG) as potential important players in CM pathogenesis.

scholarly journals The time is now: a call for action to translate recent momentum on tackling tropical snakebite into sustained benefit for victims

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Harrison ◽  
Nicholas R Casewell ◽  
Stuart A Ainsworth ◽  
David G Lalloo
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Donor Agencies

Abstract Like the other WHO-listed Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), snakebite primarily affects rural, impoverished tropical communities that lack adequate health resources. The annual 138 000 deaths and 400 000 disabilities suffered by these subsistence farming communities means that snakebite is an additional cause and consequence of tropical poverty. Unlike most of the NTDs, however, snakebite is a medical emergency, and requires rapid treatment in a hospital equipped with effective antivenom, beds and appropriately trained staff. The lack of such facilities in the remote areas most affected by snakebite, and the high treatment costs, explains why most victims, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, consult traditional healers rather than seek hospital care. Whilst affordable, there is no evidence that traditional treatments are effective. The number of snakebite victims that die, unregistered, in the community is threefold higher than hospital-recorded deaths. After decades of inertia, WHO benefitted from advocacy interventions and the support of key agencies, including Médecins Sans Frontières, the Wellcome Trust, the Kofi Annan Foundation and the Global Snakebite Initiative, to recently institute transformative actions for reducing the public health burden of tropical snakebite. It is imperative that WHO and the other stakeholders now gain the support and investment of governments, research funders and donor agencies to ensure that this recent momentum for change is translated into sustained benefit to snakebite victims.

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