scholarly journals An Empirical Evaluation of Visual Metaphors in the Animation of Roles of Variables

10.28945/2886 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Stutzle ◽  
Jorma Sajaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Introductory Programming ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Role Based ◽  
The Individual

Roles of variables, which describe stereotypic usages of variables, can be exploited to facilitate teaching introductory programming. This paper describes the evaluation of visual metaphors for roles used in a role-based program animator. The evaluation is based on several criteria: properties of the images, metaphor recognition and grading, and effects on learning. The study demonstrates that as a whole the role metaphors facilitate learning. The results also identify ideas for further elaboration of the individual metaphors. Furthermore, the study suggests that the evaluation of animated metaphors may require special measures.

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Image-based Texture Features Extracted from Static B-mode Ultrasound Images in Distinguishing between Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses

2021 ◽  
pp. 016173462199809
Author(s):  
Dhurgham Al-karawi ◽  
Hisham Al-Assam ◽  
Hongbo Du ◽  
Ahmad Sayasneh ◽  
Chiara Landolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gabor Filter ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Image Texture ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ovarian Masses

Significant successes in machine learning approaches to image analysis for various applications have energized strong interest in automated diagnostic support systems for medical images. The evolving in-depth understanding of the way carcinogenesis changes the texture of cellular networks of a mass/tumor has been informing such diagnostics systems with use of more suitable image texture features and their extraction methods. Several texture features have been recently applied in discriminating malignant and benign ovarian masses by analysing B-mode images from ultrasound scan of the ovary with different levels of performance. However, comparative performance evaluation of these reported features using common sets of clinically approved images is lacking. This paper presents an empirical evaluation of seven commonly used texture features (histograms, moments of histogram, local binary patterns [256-bin and 59-bin], histograms of oriented gradients, fractal dimensions, and Gabor filter), using a collection of 242 ultrasound scan images of ovarian masses of various pathological characteristics. The evaluation examines not only the effectiveness of classification schemes based on the individual texture features but also the effectiveness of various combinations of these schemes using the simple majority-rule decision level fusion. Trained support vector machine classifiers on the individual texture features without any specific pre-processing, achieve levels of accuracy between 75% and 85% where the seven moments and the 256-bin LBP are at the lower end while the Gabor filter is at the upper end. Combining the classification results of the top k ( k = 3, 5, 7) best performing features further improve the overall accuracy to a level between 86% and 90%. These evaluation results demonstrate that each of the investigated image-based texture features provides informative support in distinguishing benign or malignant ovarian masses.

Prepare: P owe r -Awar e A p proximate Re a l-time Task Scheduling for Ene r gy-Adaptiv e QoS Maximization

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5s) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Shounak Chakraborty ◽  
Sangeet Saha ◽  
Magnus Själander ◽  
Klaus Mcdonald-Maier
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Approximate Computing ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
The Individual

Achieving high result-accuracy in approximate computing (AC) based real-time applications without violating power constraints of the underlying hardware is a challenging problem. Execution of such AC real-time tasks can be divided into the execution of the mandatory part to obtain a result of acceptable quality, followed by a partial/complete execution of the optional part to improve accuracy of the initially obtained result within the given time-limit. However, enhancing result-accuracy at the cost of increased execution length might lead to deadline violations with higher energy usage. We propose Prepare , a novel hybrid offline-online approximate real-time task-scheduling approach, that first schedules AC-based tasks and determines operational processing speeds for each individual task constrained by system-wide power limit, deadline, and task-dependency. At runtime, by employing fine-grained DVFS, the energy-adaptive processing speed governing mechanism of Prepare reduces processing speed during each last level cache miss induced stall and scales up the processing speed once the stall finishes to a higher value than the predetermined one. To ensure on-chip thermal safety, this higher processing speed is maintained only for a short time-span after each stall, however, this reduces execution times of the individual task and generates slacks. Prepare exploits the slacks either to enhance result-accuracy of the tasks, or to improve thermal and energy efficiency of the underlying hardware, or both. With a 70 - 80% workload, Prepare offers 75% result-accuracy with its constrained scheduling, which is enhanced by 5.3% for our benchmark based evaluation of the online energy-adaptive mechanism on a 4-core based homogeneous chip multi-processor, while meeting the deadline constraint. Overall, while maintaining runtime thermal safety, Prepare reduces peak temperature by up to 8.6 °C for our baseline system. Our empirical evaluation shows that constrained scheduling of Prepare outperforms a state-of-the-art scheduling policy, whereas our runtime energy-adaptive mechanism surpasses two current DVFS based thermal management techniques.

scholarly journals An Empirical Evaluation of Visual Metaphors in the Animation of Roles of Variables

10.28945/489 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 087-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Stützle ◽  
Jorma Sajaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Visual Metaphors

Design and Implementation of Students’ Information System for Tertiary Institutions Using Neural Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Obiniyi Ayodele Afolayan ◽  
Ezugwu El-Shamir Absalom
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Database System ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
System Communication ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Role Based

This paper identifies the causes associated with delays in processing and releasing results in tertiary institutions. An enhanced computer program for result computation integrated with a database for storage of processed results simplifies a university grading system and overcomes the short-comings of existing packages. The system takes interdepartmental collaboration and alliances into consideration, over a network that speeds up collection of processed results from designated departments through an improved centralized database system. An empirical evaluation of the system shows that it expedites processing of results and transcripts at various levels and management of and access to student results on-line. The technological approach for the implementation of the proposed system is based on open source solutions. Apache is used as Web server extended with PHP for server side processing. In recognition of the confidentiality of data contained in the system, communication networks are protected with open-ssl library for data encryption and role-based authentication. This system increases efficient service delivery and benefits both administration and students.

scholarly journals The measurement of populist attitudes: Testing cross-national scales using item response theory

Politics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M Van Hauwaert ◽  
Christian H Schimpf ◽  
Flavio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
National Measurement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross National

Recent research in the populism literature has devoted considerable efforts to the conceptualisation and examination of populism on the individual level, that is, populist attitudes. Despite rapid progress in the field, questions of adequate measurement and empirical evaluation of measures of populist attitudes remain scarce. Seeking to remedy these shortcomings, we apply a cross-national measurement model, using item response theory, to six established and two new populist indicators. Drawing on a cross-national survey (nine European countries, n = 18,368), we engage in a four-folded analysis. First, we examine the commonly used 6-item populism scale. Second, we expand the measurement with two novel items. Third, we use the improved 8-item populism scale to further refine equally comprehensive but more concise and parsimonious populist measurements. Finally, we externally validate these sub-scales and find that some of the proposed sub-scales outperform the initial 6- and 8-item scales. We conclude that existing measures of populism capture moderate populist attitudes, but face difficulties measuring more extreme levels, while the individual information of some of the populist items remains limited. Altogether, this provides several interesting routes for future research, both within and between countries.

Introduction to Felipe Ehrenberg's “In Search of a Model for Life”

ARTMargins ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Karen Benezra
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
Experimental Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Role Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Los Grupos

“In Search of a Model for Life” traces a brief history of the autonomous, experimental art movement known as los Grupos (the Groups) in which the essay’s author, Felipe Ehrenberg, played a central role. Based mostly in Mexico City in the late 1970s, the Groups critiqued the predominant academicism as well as the burgeoning support for commercially viable experimental work in Mexico’s state-run art institutions. “In Search of a Model for Life” first appeared as one of three external appendices to the catalog for the Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil’s 1985 retrospective of the Groups, De los Grupos los individuos (From the Groups, Individuals). Ehrenberg’s essay challenges the teleological narrative that the catalog’s text traces, from a collective movement of rebellion to the individual insertion of the movement’s members into the art market. In doing so, “In Search of a Model for Life” begins to theorize the conditions for a critical and emancipatory art practice beyond the complicity of state and market.

scholarly journals Data-Dependent Conditional Priors for Unsupervised Learning of Multimodal Data

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Frantzeska Lavda ◽  
Magda Gregorová ◽  
Alexandros Kalousis
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Mixture Distributions ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Learning Data

One of the major shortcomings of variational autoencoders is the inability to produce generations from the individual modalities of data originating from mixture distributions. This is primarily due to the use of a simple isotropic Gaussian as the prior for the latent code in the ancestral sampling procedure for data generations. In this paper, we propose a novel formulation of variational autoencoders, conditional prior VAE (CP-VAE), with a two-level generative process for the observed data where continuous z and a discrete c variables are introduced in addition to the observed variables x. By learning data-dependent conditional priors, the new variational objective naturally encourages a better match between the posterior and prior conditionals, and the learning of the latent categories encoding the major source of variation of the original data in an unsupervised manner. Through sampling continuous latent code from the data-dependent conditional priors, we are able to generate new samples from the individual mixture components corresponding, to the multimodal structure over the original data. Moreover, we unify and analyse our objective under different independence assumptions for the joint distribution of the continuous and discrete latent variables. We provide an empirical evaluation on one synthetic dataset and three image datasets, FashionMNIST, MNIST, and Omniglot, illustrating the generative performance of our new model comparing to multiple baselines.

An Empirical Evaluation of Using Constructive Classroom Activities to Teach Introductory Programming

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Van Gorp ◽  
Scott Grissom
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Introductory Programming ◽  
Classroom Activities

scholarly journals AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF AUTOMATED THEOREM PROVERS IN SOFTWARE CERTIFICATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWEN DENNEY ◽  
BERND FISCHER ◽  
JOHANN SCHUMANN
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Program Verification ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Theorem Prover ◽  
Safety Properties ◽  
Proof Checking ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Individual

We describe a system for the automated certification of safety properties of NASA software. The system uses Hoare-style program verification technology to generate proof obligations which are then processed by an automated first-order theorem prover (ATP). We discuss the unique requirements this application places on the ATPs, focusing on automation, proof checking, traceability, and usability, and describe the resulting system architecture, including a certification browser that maintains and displays links between obligations and source code locations. For full automation, the obligations must be aggressively preprocessed and simplified, and we demonstrate how the individual simplification stages, which are implemented by rewriting, influence the ability of the ATPs to solve the proof tasks. Our results are based on 13 comprehensive certification experiments that lead to 366 top-level safety obligations and ultimately to more than 25,000 proof tasks which have been used to determine the suitability of the high-performance provers DCTP, E-Setheo, E, Gandalf, Otter, Setheo, Spass, and Vampire, and our associated infrastructure. The proofs found by Otter have been checked by Ivy.

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