scholarly journals Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the Days of Great Trials: 1941-1942

2020 ◽  
pp. 719-735
Author(s):  
Simon S. Ilizarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper reviews the work of the Archive of the Soviet Academy of Sciences during the blockade of Leningrad in 1941–42. It is based on the archive series that contains a report detailing the work of the 22 Academy’s institutions in Leningrad (11 scientific research institutes, 3 museums, the Archive, the Library, the Geographical Society, etc.) over 7 months of 1942 and prepared for the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It lists Archive’s staff members who died or were evacuated during this period. It shows that, even in the hardest days under the blockade, the work in the Archive never stopped. An important part of this work was associated with the activities of the Commission for the History of the USSR Academy of Sciences (KIAN). The paper reviews the history of the KIAN creation under the auspices of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad in 1938, soon after forcible liquidation of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology and tragic death of its first director, Academician N.I. Bukharin. A number of outstanding historians-archivists and historians of science – A.I. Andreyev, I.I. Lyubimenko, L.B. Modzalevskii, and others – participated in the work of the KIAN headed by Academician S. I. Vavilov and his deputy, Director of the Archive, G.A. Knyazev. The research and archaeographic work of the Archive’s staff was associated with preparation of publications for the “Scientific Heritage” series (it was established in 1940 upon initiative of the President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences V. L. Komarov with active participation of the eminent historian of science T. I. Rainov). During that period, the editorial work on the second volume of the “Reviews of Archive Materials” (Obozreniya arkhivnykh materialov) was completed and V.F. Gnucheva completed her unique history-of-science book “The Geographical Department of the 18th century Academy of Sciences.” Both books were published after the war, in 1946. The main result of the work of the few Archive’s staff members was safeguarding the precious historical materials and searching for, concentrating, and preserving documentation of evacuated institutions and individual scientists, some of whom were killed by the cold, famine, and diseases. The paper contains data from official reports: quantitative data concerning documents taken into the Archive’s custody in 1941 and in 1942 and processed and described series; it names institutions and scholars, whose documents ended up in the Archive of the Academy of Sciences. By July 31, 1942, the number of fonds in the Archive reached 740. Reports of such Academy institutions as the Institute of Oriental Studies, the N.Ya. Marr Institute for the History of Material Culture, the Institute of Literature, the All-Union Geographical Society, and others allow the scholars to analyze their work associated with the preservation of books and archival fonds and collections. The paper is based on documentary sources that are being introduced into scientific use for the first time.

scholarly journals ABOUT RENAMING THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE INTO THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE S IN 1959

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Кудрявцев
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Название первого академического археологического учреждения Российской академии истории материальной культуры, возникшего в 1919 г., соответствовало духу новой эпохи и официальной повестке государства. Но использование термина история материальной культуры в качестве замены археологии фактически теряет свой первоначальный смысл уже во второй половине 1930х гг. При этом процесс переименования Института истории материальной культуры в Институт археологии АН СССР начался только после развенчания учения Н. Я. Марра. Окончательная смена названия произошла 4 сентября 1959 г. по постановлению Президиума АН СССР. The name of the first academic archaeological institution the Russian Academy for the History of Material Culture that was established in 1919 was in line with the spirit of the new period and official government agenda. However, the use of the term history of material culture instead of archaeology in reality lost its original meaning as early as the second half of the 1930s. At the same time the process of renaming the Institute for the History of Material Culture into the Institute of Archaeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences did not begin until the denouncement of N. Ya. Marrs Japhetic theory. The final change of the name occurred on September 4, 1959, by the resolution released by the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals The history of forming libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Siberian-Far East region and trends of their development in the 2000s

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
E. B. Artemyeva ◽  
N. I. Podkorytova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Far East ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Library System ◽  
Siberian Branch ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In the context of the active development of information and communication technologies and a changing society in the XXI century, it becomes relevant to comprehend the experience accumulated by the scientific libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which have experienced serious organizational and structural transformations that affect the formation of their ideological and resource base, the construction of adequate models for the organization, preservation, use and promotion of their resources.  The article objective is to present the history of forming scientific institution libraries in Siberia and the Far East, emerging and developing the library system of a department of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences – Russian Academy of Sciences (SB USSR AS and SB RAS) in 1920–2020 to determine further trends in their activities. To carry out the work, the author used such techniques as statistic, system and factor analysis, modeling, forecasting. The main tasks of the library system of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (as well as other libraries of RAS) were to provide information for scientists and specialists of research institutions and preserve the historical, cultural and scientific heritage of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Disintegration of the network connections, the model destruction of centralizing the library community of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which has occurred recent years, required the development of new models of interaction between libraries and adjustments of their functions in the scientific and information space of the region. The authors represents reasoning about the trends in the further development of the libraries of RAS, SB RAS and SPSTL SB RAS as the central library of the system.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FIELDWORK OF EXPEDITIONS AND TEAMS FROM THE MOSCOW BRANCH OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE / INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, IN 1945-1964

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-436
Author(s):  
С. А. Володин
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Upturn ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Thaw Period

В статье представлен обзор и анализ работ полевых экспедиций московского отделения центрального археологического учреждения страны - Института истории материальной культуры / Института археологии АН СССР в первые два послевоенных десятилетия. Этот период истории страны характеризуется общим восстановлением после трагедий войны в 1940-е - начале 1950-х гг., активным экономическим подъемом во время «оттепели», что прямым образом сказывается на организации полевых работ столичными археологами. Основой для анализа стала национальная карта «Археологические памятники России», материалами для создания которой выступают научные отчеты, хранящиеся в Научно-отраслевом архиве ИА РАН. В качестве дополнительных сведений привлекаются документы из фонда внутренней документации Института (приказы по экспедициям). Подобный подход позволил наметить и продемонстрировать тенденции и основные направления научных интересов сотрудников ИИМК/ИА. The paper provides an overview and analysis of the field expeditions organized by the Moscow Branch of the country's central archaeological institute - the Institute for the History of Material Culture/Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences -during the first postwar decades. This period in the country's history is characterized by rebuilding of the country in the 1940s - early 1950s after the war tragedies, and economic upturn during the thaw period which directly influenced the organization of fieldwork by archaeologists from the capital. The analysis was driven by the efforts to compile a national map of Archaeological Sites of Russia using the excavation reports from the Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS. Documents from the internal documentation archive (directives related to the expeditions) were used as additional information. This approach helped identify and describe the trends and the main areas of research conducted by the Institute for the History of Material Culture / Institute of Archaeology.

scholarly journals A man whom nobody can replace. The 100th anniversary of the birth of a corresponding member of RAS S.R. Mikulinskii

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161
Author(s):  
Simon S. Ilizarov
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Science Of Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The life of the prominent scholar and organizer of science and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.R. Mikulinskii (19191991), who determined strategic directions for the development of the history of science and lay the foundation for the science of science in the 1960s 1980s, was full of tragic turns. In his biography, it is said that his years of schooling were followed by his volunteering for the army during the Great Patriotic War, years of being a prisoner in first Nazi, and then Soviet, camps, followed by years of studies and a meteoric scientific career that abruptly ended with his expulsion from the USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute for the History of Science and Technology that he himself had nurtured. Under his guidance, prominent scientists in a wide range of disciplines were brought together at the Institute, which reached the peak of its development having become a globally recognized center for the advancement of thought in the history of science.

On the Formation of the Exhibition “Religion and Atheism of Ancient Greece” in the Museum of the History of Religion and the Atheism of the USSR Academy of Sciences (According to Documents of SPbB ARAS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Larisa Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Young Specialist ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the publication is to describe the history of the creation of the exhibition “Religion of Ancient Greece” in 1954 at the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Documentary materials related to this case are stored in the museum fund at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (fund 221) and are being introduced into academic circulation for the first time. The author of the concept of the exhibition was an employee of the museum, a young antiquarian A.A. Neikhardt, who made efforts to replenish the museum with original exhibits and also contributed to the transfer to the museum of the finds of the Bosporan expedition from the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the USSR Academy of Sciences, thus being a “founding father” of the ancient archaeological collection of today's State Museum of the History of Religion. The figure behind the concept was the deputy director of the museum M.I. Shakhnovich. Two more St. Petersburg antiquarians were involved in the organization of the exhibition: S.I. Kovalev, the future Director of the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, and I.A. Shishova, a young specialist. The formation of expositions took place against the background of a certain ideological pressure when a researcher who wanted to engage in pure science had to subordinate his work to the ideological paradigm established by the state.

Book reviews

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
L. M. Besov
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
State Institution ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Fundamental Science ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Presidents of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for 100 years of its existence: Scientific and organizational cont ribution to the progress of fundamental science / VN Gamalia, Yu. K. Duplenko, V. I. Onoprienko, S. P. Ruda, V. S. Savchuk; for ed. V.I. Onoprienko; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; State Institution "G. M. Dobrov Institute Research of Scientific-Technical Potential and History of Science". - Kyiv: SE "Inf.-analytical Agency ", 2018. - 215 p.

Pandito Khambo-lama’s gifts in the Kunstkamera

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Владимирович Иванов
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Image Composition ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

Еще в 2009 г. удалось выявить в фонде Музея антропологии и этнографии (Кунсткамеры) РАН ряд буддийских экспонатов Кунсткамеры XVIII в. Письма Миллера к Лубсан-тайше и ламе Дзоржия, опубликованные А.Х. Элертом, консультация XXIV Пандито Хамбо-ламы Аюшеева и инструкции Миллера переводчику Илье Яхонтову, хранящиеся в Санкт-Петербургском филиале архива АН, позволили прояснить точную дату приобретения артефактов и имя первособирателя Дамба-Даржа (Даржай) Заяева, ставшего в 1764 г. I Пандито Хамбо-ламой. Автор статьи определил особенности художественного стиля, получившие дальнейшее развитие в бурятской живописи. Проведены параллели в композиции, стиле, характерных деталях изображения со скульптурой, выполненной в долоннорском стиле. Также описан еще один предмет коллекции небольшая буддийская танка, подаренная в 1783 г. Академии наук III Пандито Хамбо-ламой Лубсан-Жимба Ахалдаевым. Статья рассказывает об истории этой танки, а также ее стилистических особенностях, колорите, деталях изображения, композиции. Back in 2009, it was possible to identify a number of Buddhist exhibits of the 18th century Kunstkamera at the fund of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Mllers letters to Lubsan Taisha and Lama Dzorzhia published by A.Kh. Elert, consultation of the XXIV Pandito Khambo-Lama Ayusheev and Mllers instructions to the translator Ilya Yakhontov, stored in the St. Petersburg branch of the Academy of Sciencess archive made it possible to clarify the exact date of acquisition of the artifacts and the name of the first selector Damba-Darzha (Darzhai) Zayaev, who became I Pandito Khambo-lama in 1764. The author of the article identified the features of the artistic style that were further developed in Buryat painting. He saw parallels in composition, style, characteristic details of the image with a sculpture made in the Dolonnor style. Another collection item is also described a small Buddhist icon, donated to the Academy of Sciences by III Pandito Khambo-Lama Lubsan-Zhimba Akhaldaev in 1783. The article tells about the history of this Thangka, as well as its stylistic features, color, details of the image, composition.

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