scholarly journals Employees of the Volga-Kama Commercial Bank Branches in Central Asia: Biographies and Activities at the Turn of the 20th Century in the Context of Imperial Periphery

2021 ◽  
pp. 450-468
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor A. Alimdzhanov ◽  
◽  
Shokhrukh H. Choriev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
General Government ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
First Time

The article studies biographies of the employees of the Kokand, Samarkand and Tashkent branches of the Volga-Kama Commercial Bank (VKCB). The Volga-Kama Commercial Bank had an extensive network in the Central Asian region (4 branches). The Volga-Kama Commercial Bank is considered the first large imperial commercial bank, which opened its branch in Tashkent in 1893. The Volga-Kama Bank tried to take over the export of cotton and fruit. Unfortunately, the authors have found no data on the personnel of the Namangan agency of the VKCB. The article draws on archival materials from the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). When compiling the portrait of a bank employee, their age, education, service life, previous place of work, marital status, religion, and origin have been taken into account. Based on this data, the authors have been able to determine the professionalism of the working personnel of the VKCB branches in Central Asia. For the first time in world historiography, the biographies of employees of the Central Asian departments of the VKСB have been studied. The authors note that the staff of the VKСB was not professional, as there were few experienced personnel to develop banking on the periphery of the empire. Despite all difficulties, the bank management tried to attract most promising young specialists from local Russian population of the second generation to work in the bank. The local Russian population knew local languages, customs, and local economy, which made them indispensable for successful functioning of banking in the imperial periphery. Imperial banks also recruited non-Russian people. Basically, non-Russian population was involved as translators and advisers on loan granting. During the First World War, local branches of the VKCB began to engage women due to personnel shortage, mostly noble girls graduated from local gymnasiums. It should be noted that the main staff of the VKCB branches consisted of people under 35 years old. In most cases, only local directors had a degree in finance or economics. In the Central Asian branches of the VKCB, there were many teachers and former military personnel among the staff. Despite all the difficulties in recruiting personnel, the Volga-Kama Commercial Bank branches in Central Asia showed good results due to specific economic conditions in the Turkestan General Government.

History of the Central Asian commercial bank (1881−1911)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-2) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Alimdjanov ◽  
Shokhrukh Choriev ◽  
Timur Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
General Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

In the article, on the basis of documents of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) that have not been previously introduced into scientific circulation, the activities of N. I. Ivanov, a famous merchant of the second half of the 19th century in the Turkestan General Government, which became rich on military supplies to the Russian army during the period of conquests in Central Asia is given. For the first time in Russian historiography, the functioning of the Central Asian Commercial Bank (1881-1911) - the first commercial bank in Russian Turkestan, founded by N. I. Ivanov. The activity of private financial institutions in Central Asia is analyzed.

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis (Lecanoraceae) — new lichen genus and species for Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
T. V. Makryi
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vast Range

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis, the Siberian-Central Asian lichen species, is recorded for the first time for Europe. Based on all the known localities, including those first-time reported from Baikal Siberia, the peculiarities of the ecology and distribution of this species are discussed, the map of its distribution is provided. It is concluded that the species was erroneously considered earlier as a Central Asian endemic. The center of the present range of this lichen is the steppes of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Assumptions are made that S. baicalensis is relatively young (Paleogene-Neogene) species otherwise it would have a vast range extending beyond Asia, and also that the Yakut locations of this species indicate that in the Pleistocene its range was wider and covered a significant part of the Northeastern Siberia but later underwent regression. Based on the fact that in the mountains of Central Asia the species is found only in the upper mountain belts, it is proposed to characterize it as «cryo-arid xerophyte» in contrast to «arid xerophytes». A conclusion is made that the presence of extensive disjunctions of S. baicalensis range between the Southern Pre-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Mountains or the Mountains of Central Asia is unlikely; the lichen is most likely to occur in the Urals and most of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Особенности бурятских вариантов Гэсэриады

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-857
Author(s):  
Ludmila S. Dampilova ◽  
◽  
Erzhena B. Ayusheeva
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

Introduction. The article aims to analyze Buryat versions of the epic Geser to identify their local features. It includes a detailed review not only of published texts, but also of manuscripts stored in the archives of Buryatia. For the first time, the regional versions of Geser are systematically examined as a necessary stage for further comparative studies of the genesis and transformation of epic traditions in Central Asia. Methods. The work uses comparative-historical and comparative methods of analysis. Of these, the latter was of key importance in comparing the versions of the epic that differ in terms of the place of their origin and temporal parameters. Results and discussion. The analysis began with a detailed discussion of published authentic texts of Geser represented by the Ekhirit-Bulagat and Ungin versions. Then, the features of archival versions of the epic are systematized and defined. The previous work on the plot composition and characters of each individual text is thoroughly compared to finally identify the features of the Buryat versions of the epic. Conclusion. The authors argue that the Ungin versions are quite close to the Mongolian ones, while the Ekhirit-Bulagat version, in their opinion, stands apart both in terms of their composition and themes. The introductory part of the uliger, a mythological prologue with a shamanic pantheon of deities, is characteristic only of the Buryat versions of Geser. Also, as far as the Western Buryat version is concerned, it may be pointed out that the influence of Buddhist teachings, which were not widespread in the heyday of the epic, was minimum. Of relevance are also the contaminations of the common Mongolian storytelling traditions with the characteristic motifs of the Central Asian epic. The identification of specific features of the local versions of Geser may expand our understanding of the specifics of the national epic as one of the main manifestations of traditional culture.

scholarly journals Crisis phenomena in Central Asian direction development of Russian foreign trade in the Orenburg direction in the 1st quarter of the 19th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Sergey Valentinovich Lyubichankovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper contains analysis of development tendencies of the Russian Empire foreign trade with Central Asian khanates in the first quarter of the 19th century. The authors found that the Russian State didnt pay much attention to the Asian customs policy in this direction for a long time. It was due to the fact that the trade with Central Asian khanates was of exchange and caravan character. The author came to the conclusion that the heads of the Orenburg Region - military and civil governors - made great efforts to change that situation and made special rules for the foreign trade development in the Orenburg Region. It promoted commodity turnover increase. The author proved that in the first quarter of the 19th century the most important element of Central Asian trade development crisis in the Orenburg direction was the fact that merchants from Central Asia dominated Russian merchants in the numerical ratio. However, the ministry of finance and E.F. Kankrin refused to forbid Central Asian merchants to trade at internal Russian fairs as it would result in stagnation in trade and would make prices for goods higher. This problem for the first quarter of the 19th century couldnt be solved as it was connected with the geopolitical status quo existing in the region. It only started to get solutions with an active military advance of Russia to Central Asia in the second half of the 19th century.

New species of Asyndetus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Xinjiang, with a key to Central Asian species

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqing Wang ◽  
D. Yang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
First Time

The genus Asyndetus Loew is recorded from Xinjiang for the first time. The following three species are described and illustrated: Asyndetus lii sp. nov., A. wusuensis sp. nov. and A. xinjiangensis sp. nov. A key to species of Asyndetus Loew from Central Asia is presented.

SCOTT C. LEVI, The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550–1900 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2002). Pp. 319. $93.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-648
Author(s):  
ADEEB KHALID
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
New Information ◽  
Asian History ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Manuscript Collections ◽  
Oriental Studies

This fine book provides the first comprehensive account of the Indian merchant communities that arose in Central Asia in the 16th century and continued to occupy an important niche in the local economy until the turn of the 20th century. The subject of India's relations with Central Asia and Russia has often been addressed, but it has usually fallen afoul of methodological and linguistic boundaries that divide the historiographies of the two regions. This is the first work that is equally at home in both Indian and Central Asian history. Levi's greatest contribution is to bring Central Asian sources to bear fully on his argument. He uses Persian-language narrative and documentary sources from Central Asia (housed in the manuscript collections of the Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies in Tashkent) and the state archives of Uzbekistan to glean useful new information about life in the diaspora and the activities of its members. He backs these up with accounts of European travelers, which he has mined with great thoroughness for all references to Indian merchants.

scholarly journals Profiling Aerosol Optical Properties at the Central Asian Site of Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Pure Dust Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Julian Hofer ◽  
Dietrich Althausen ◽  
Sabur F. Abdullaev ◽  
Abduvosit N. Makhmudov ◽  
Bakhron I. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
First Time ◽  
532 Nm

Tajikistan is often affected by atmospheric mineral dust originating from various surrounding deserts. The direct and indirect radiative effects of that dust play a sensitive role in the Central Asian climate system and therefore need to be quantified. The Central Asian Dust Experiment (CADEX) provides for the first time an aerosol climatology for Central Asia based long-term aerosol profiling by ground-based lidar (PollyXT type) in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. For pure dust cases, mean depolarization(lidar) ratios of 0.23±0.03(44±3 sr) at 355 nm and 0.32±0.02(38±3 sr) at 532 nm wavelength have been measured. The mean extinction-related Ångström exponent was 0.18±0.15.

scholarly journals A Passage to India: Rhetoric and Diplomacy between Muscovy and Central Asia in the Seventeenth Century

Itinerario ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-527
Author(s):  
Ulfat Abdurasulov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Large Scale Project

AbstractIt is broadly assumed that attempts by the Russian state of Muscovy to establish stable diplomatic and mercantile channels to India via Central Asia were started upon the initiative of the Emperor Peter I (1682–1725). Such attempts are generally interpreted as being part of a large-scale project that reflected the growing imperial and colonial ambitions of Russia and which, in turn, entailed strong antagonism from the ruling elites of Central Asia, thereby setting a tone for relations that would continue for the next century and more of reciprocal relations between the local principalities and Russia. By exploring chancellery documents from seventeenth-century Muscovy, we find that the first diplomatic communications between Russia, Khiva, and Bukhara can in fact be dated to long before the reign of Peter I. The first Romanov tsars sought to initiate exchanges with Khiva and Bukhara as a means of establishing diplomatic and commercial ties with the Mughal emperors; at the same time, meanwhile, the authorities in Khiva and Bukhara had their own reasons for pushing Muscovy to engage with Central Asia as a conduit to India. Over the course of the seventeenth century, Central Asian diplomats went to great lengths—both in diplomatic correspondence and through direct interpersonal contacts—to convince their Russian counterparts of the region's attractiveness as a source of precious Indian commodities and as a logistically convenient passage to India. Despite such rhetoric, however, the authorities in Khiva and Bukhara were in fact highly reluctant to “open” the region to Russian agents: repeated attempts by Muscovy to engage in diplomatic fact-finding as a means of establishing influence in the region invariably foundered in the face of Central Asian resistance. Bukharan and Khivan circles seem, in fact, to have held out the enticing idea of “a passage to India” simply as a rhetorical device to secure recognition in Muscovy for their own diplomatic and mercantile missions.

New and little known bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) from Central Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4441 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
YULIA V. ASTAFUROVA ◽  
MAXIM YU. PROSHCHALYKIN ◽  
MAXIMILIAN SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Full Species ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
First Time

Following a previously published study on Central Asian species of Sphecodes bees we here present a further report on 20 rarely recorded and little known species. This brings to 34 the number of species of Sphecodes known from this region, with two of them recorded for the first time: Sphecodes scabricollis Wesmael, 1835 and S. hakkariensis Warncke, 1992. Sphecodes sandykachis Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. n. is described from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Sphecodes atlassa Warncke, 1992, stat. nov. and S. hakkariensis Warncke, 1992, stat. nov. are raised to full species level. 

scholarly journals THE RUSSIAN STATE, LENIN AND THE CENTRAL ASIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
E. M. Korhzokin
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
State Building ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
New States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Complicated Task

Central Asian nations faced a challenge of state-building objectives after the collapse of the USSR. However, it was a complicated task, because those nations were parts of the Russian and, lately, the Soviet state. State-building objectives include the creation of new historical narrative. Central Asia is now experiencing the process that is called "national novel" in the Western European historiography. Central Asian national variants of historical narratives serve as a conceptual basis for the writing of school and university textbooks. The introduction of ideological constructs through the education system is carried out everywhere. However, it is important to note that inevitable ideological indoctrination should not undermine scientific essence of textbooks. Politics of nation formation and the preservation of its identity is implemented and fostered by states carefully as well as clumsy. There is no doubt that there is an inevitable and practical need for constructing "national novel" in the new states. But historical politics should not ignore some of the methodological and at the same time mental traps that exist in the field of studying the history of the peoples of Central Asia in the period of the Russian Empire.

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