AGRARIAN EDUCATION IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION. ISSUES, ACHIEVEMENTS (THE 1920S)

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Anastasia G. Coldina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

Issues in the sphere of education are the pressing ones not only today. For historical reasons, any social upheaval in the country has an impact on the public education. The century-old events are not an exception. The system of agrarian education in Soviet Russia encountered great difficulties at the time of the dismantlement of NEP and during the village modernization. In connection with the new tasks facing agriculture, the small network of educational establishments, their disparity, low student take-in capacity, poor financial position and low professional level of graduates could not meet the needs of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture. Absence of necessary assistance and control from the superior authorities over many educational establishments, particularly over many mid-ranking and low-ranking institutions, adversely affected their activity. The State paid special attention to young peasants and tried to increase the proportion of that social group among the applicants. But the peasants’ financial hardship, shortage of time for studies, weak education proficiency, lack of the scholarship allowances and of accommodation in many educational institutions hampered the implementation of the task. To overcome the situation, it was required to restructure – in cooperation with all those involved – the existing system of agrarian staff training.

Inscribed Ceremonial Dagger from a Princely Sarmatian Burial near the Village of Kosika in the Lower Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-206
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Belousov ◽  
Mikhail Treister
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
State Level ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Village ◽  
Made In

Abstract The paper is devoted to the cross-guard of the fragmentary dagger found in 1984 in the princely nomad burial near the village of Kosika in the Lower Volga area, belonging to the type of ceremonial daggers which were widespread in Eurasia in the 1st century BC-1st century AD and which became one of the insignia of power as testified by the finds in the princely nomadic burials and depictions on the royal figures on the stelae from Commagene. The dated (year 238) dotted inscription preserved on the gold overlay of the cross-guard found by one of the authors in 2015 and completely cleaned from the iron oxides in 2017 contains an indication of the craftsmen and the weight of gold, confirmed by the eklogistes, which means estimated on the highest state level. The inscription allows us to suggest, with high degree of probability, that the dagger may have been manufactured either as a tax payment of the corporation to the state or rather was ordered by a king to serve as a gift to an equal person. Moreover, the analysis of the inscription suggests that the object could have been made in Asia Minor, perhaps in Commagene, in 74 BC (that means the date falls in the Seleucid era), rather than in 59 BC, because the existence of the eklogistes in the Pontic Kingdom has not been confirmed by any documents. This date corresponds well to the archaeological date of the burial in Kosika to the early third quarter of the 1st century BC and the already published hypothesis, that the deceased could have been a participant of the Asia Minor campaign of the Bosporan King Pharnakes in 49-47 BC.

scholarly journals Царицынская сторожевая линия и военно-политические изменения на юго-восточных границах России в 1720-х гг.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-909
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Kleitman ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

Introduction. The Tsaritsyn defense line has attracted the attention of historians since the 18th century, but so far, no special study of the history of the Tsaritsyn line in the 1720s has been undertaken. The period is of interest for its policy of strengthening the military-political influence of Russia in the Caspian region, with the Persian campaign undertaken and control over the movements of the Kalmyks increasing. The article aims to show the role of the Tsaritsyn defense line in these events. Materials and methods. The study intends to systematize and reconsider the information about the Tsaritsyn line presented in the historiography of the Persian campaign, in the history of the Kalmyks, and in the history of the regiments of the Russian imperial army, supplementing them with data of legislative acts and office documentation. Results. Tsaritsyn and the Tsaritsyn line were staging points on the path of the formation and movement of the Nizovoi (Lower), or Persian, Corps; practically all military units involved in the Persian campaign passed through the Tsaritsyn line, which was used for rear functions by the Corps as long as it existed. Tsaritsyn, the fortresses on the line, and the villages of the Don Cossacks closest to the line served as winter quarters for the Corps cavalry: here the dragoon regiments were re-equipped, and individual units were sent on missions along the southern borders of Russia. The Tsaritsyn line introduced serious changes in the life of the nomadic population of the Lower Volga region; passages through the line acquiring great military and political importance. Groups of Kalmyks who passed ‘inside’ turned out to be cut off from the Kuban and Crimeans and from other groups of Kalmyks. There was a symbolic meaning to the crossing of the Tsaritsyn line for Kalmyks who feared that their uluses would be taken away from them or they would be converted to Orthodoxy against their will. The study clarifies the data on the number of troops that served on the Tsaritsyn line in the 1720s. Constant was the presence of at least 500 Cossacks, sent on their mission by the Don army, as well as of several dragoon regiments. In the 1720s, units of the Kronshlots, Olonets, Vologda, Tobolsk, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Dmitrov, and Saratov dragoon regiments served on the Tsaritsyn line from several months to several years. Conclusions. From the very first years of its construction, the Tsaritsyn line not only protected the southern borders of the Russian Empire, but also became an instrument of the imperial diplomatic and military-political influence on neighboring peoples and states.

scholarly journals Burials of the Early Iron Age of the Kurgans Cemetery “Bogomolnye Peski-I”

2020 ◽  
pp. 279-305
Author(s):  
Alexey Timofeev ◽  
◽  
Damir Soloviov ◽  
Georgiy Stukalov ◽  
Dmitriy Vasiliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Rite

The article is dedicated to the publication of the materials of burials from the Early Iron Age, discovered during excavations of a crumbling kurgan which is a part of the cemetery “Bogomolnye Peski-I” close to the village of Nikolskoye, Enotaevsky district, Astrakhan region. In total, 14 burials were investigated during the rescue excavations, two of them relate to the Middle Ages, other seven belong to the Bronze Age. The article describes in detail 5 burials of the Early Iron Age. The dating of the burials is defined based on the materials and details of the burial rite. The earliest burial (No. 2) dates back to the Savromat era. It contained a decapitated rams carcase and a molded pot which is typical of assumed era. The rest of the burials belong to the Middle Sarmatian period (1st – 2nd centuries AD). One of the Middle Sarmatian burials was completely destroyed by robbers in ancient times. It was possible to find a lot of gold stripes of clothes among its containment, as well as a bronze cauldron with a tamga. Plaques and stripes are not typical of either the Savromat or the early Sarmatian cultures. Indeed, they are widely used in prestigious burials of the Middle Sarmatian culture. The burials No. 5 and No. 13, accompanied by a rich inventory, are of the greatest interest. A set of gold decorations for a funeral veil and a belt set of gold with turquoise inserts were found in burial No.5, which belong to the products of the Sarmatian polychrome style, typical of the Middle Sarmatian period. In addition, a gilded bronze dish related to Roman provincial dishes and an alabaster vessel were discovered there – a typical find of the Middle Sarmatian era. In burial No. 12, the most interesting findings, in addition to a large number of various beads, are intaglio gemstones made of red glass with plots of ancient mythology depicted on them, which are unique in their own way. Moreover, an interesting vessel shaped as a bird (duck) was found there as well. The close analogs to the latter are known in cemeteries of the 1st – 2nd centuries AD in the Kuban region. A feature of this kurgan is a large number of inlet burials of the Middle Sarmatian culture, whereas in general, the burials under individual mounds predominate in the Middle Sarmatian epoch. Key words: early Iron Age, barrow, Lower Volga region, Sarmatians, burial rite.

scholarly journals The Village of Tatarskaya Bashmakovka – Archaeology and Ethnography. The History of the Golden Horde Heritage in the Lower Volga Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-114
Author(s):  
Victor M. Victorin ◽  
◽  
Dmitry V. Vasil’ev ◽  
Eldar Sh. Idrisov ◽  
Marina M. Imasheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village

From the History of the Public Library in the Village Tagai of Simbirsk District in Simbirsk Province

2010 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Patutkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Library History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

The article is dedicated to unknown page in the library history of Ulyanovsk region. The author writes about the role of Trusteeship on people temperance in opening of libraries. The history of public library organized in the beginning of XX century in the Tagai village of Simbirsk district in Simbirsk province is renewed.

Comparative evaluation of breeding lines of sugar sorgo in competitive variety testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Variety Testing

In a competitive variety trial, promising selection lines of sugar sorghum were studied in the Lower Volga region. Based on a set of signs, the best lines were identified, which are recommended for transfer to the State Variety Testing. Breeding lines, which are distinguished by high values of commercially valuable traits, can be used in planned crosses to create highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum.

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