THE ECCLESIA THEME IN THE APSIDAL MOSAICS OF ROME AS A REFLECTION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE VISUAL STRATEGIES OF THE PAPAL POWER

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-147
Author(s):  
Irina V. Golubeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Liturgical Texts ◽  
The Church ◽  
Selection Of

A number of researches in recent years have been aimed at revealing the factors that influenced the iconographic program in the apses of the basilicas in Rome as well as at a new, deeper understanding of the semantics of the depicted themes. The paper is focused on the mosaic compositions in Roman apses; it is intended to demonstrate three typical aspects (liturgical, stylistic and political) of the visual papal strategies that are reflected in the encrypted “messages” of the pontiffs in different times. Both iconographic models and inscriptions within the composition – liturgical texts, quotations from scripture – are studied in the connection with the liturgics. In the context of the stylistic analysis, the author considers the pictorial tools used by the Roman artists, thus trying to reveal their appeal to the heritage of the past. A manifestation of such a reference was reflected, particularly, in the widespread adoption of paleochristian models and schemes, which succeeded the reform of the Church, proclaimed by Gregory VII, and also were connected with the concept of Ecclesia primitiva. The political aspect of visual communication is represented in the selection of images of the Roman Church that appeared in the apse. The author seeks to understand the causality associated with the chosen iconographical program and the historical and political situation.

Lxix: Jakob von Graviseth's Heutelia

PMLA ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1071
Author(s):  
Werner Paul Friederich
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Albrecht Von Haller ◽  
The Church

Graviseth's anonymously published Heutelia, only superficially mentioned in manuals of Swiss literature (except Ermatinger's), deserves a short analytic study both on account of its interest as a state-satire preceding the Age of Enlightenment and on account of the rarity of its editions, which are not accessible to scholars in America.The book, published in 1658, does not greatly point to the past, although its satirical trends, its realistic and grobianistic elements, and its dislike of monks and women do indeed remind us of the esprit gaulois of Rabelais and the mentality of Fischart and the pamphleteers of the Reformation. More important is the political aspect of this diary of a critical journey through Switzerland; and the whole tenor of Heutelia, the penetrating analyses of men and their institutions, the sharp attacks against the vices of the ancien régime and the bigoted intolerance of the church, make the book an early forerunner of Montesquieu's Lettres persanes. Its style is still baroque and its vocabulary full of foreign words; but in its keen political criticism this book inaugurates an era of greater liberalism. Graviseth, a German aristocrat from the Palatinate who had become citizen of Bern, may well be likened to Albrecht von Haller, because both of them, though aristocrats to the core, tried equally discreetly to work for greater social justice for all. Haller's state-novels attempt it in the realm of pure thought, in carefully worded philosophical and political dialogues; while Graviseth, much more realistic and earthy, mingles jokes and coarseness in his paragraphs, ridiculing the masses for their materialistic viciousness.

scholarly journals Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-142
Author(s):  
Sayeh Meisami
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Educational Thought ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past decade, discussions on Islamic educational thought have becomepopular mainly due to the political situation particularly as it concernsthe interaction between Islam and the West. However, regardless ofpolitical considerations, most Western scholars seem to have paid less attentionto Islamic education as a concept worthy of attention. In this context,Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought, which is arecent publication on this topic, plays an exceptional role. Making someof the major classics on Islamic education available in parallel English-Arabic texts, this volume is an indispensible compendium for students andscholars alike.The main editor, Bradley J. Cook, has a lot of practical experiencein the field of Islamic education. In addition to his academic endeavorsand remarkable publications on education, Cook has had the advantage ofteaching in a number of Muslim countries including Egypt and the UnitedArab Emirates, where he also held several executive positions. With theassistance of Fathi H. Malkawi, a Jordanian-born educator, Cook has managedto make a good selection of texts on a variety of educational subjects,which reflect both educational rules in classical Islamic thought and theholistic attitude of Muslim educators who consider learning as part of themoral and spiritual growth of those reading this volume ...

A.I. Solzhenitsyn Apropos of Russia’s Future: Specific Outlook Features Depending on Different Historical Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Inga V. Zheltikova ◽  
Elena I. Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pessimistic Attitude ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Images Of The Future ◽  
The Church

The article considers the dependence of the images of future on the socio-cultural context of their formation. Comparison of the images of the future found in A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s works of various years reveals his generally pessimistic attitude to the future in the situation of social stability and moderate optimism in times of society destabilization. At the same time, the author's images of the future both in the seventies and the nineties of the last century demonstrate the mismatch of social expectations and reality that was generally typical for the images of the future. According to the authors of the present article, Solzhenitsyn’s ideas that the revival of spirituality could serve as the basis for the development of economy, that the influence of the Church on the process of socio-economic development would grow, and that the political situation strongly depends on the personal qualities of the leader, are unjustified. Nevertheless, such ideas are still present in many images of the future of Russia, including contemporary ones.

The Christian Left in Latin American Politics

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
American Catholicism ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Christian Left ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The Church

After decades of neglect, interest in the political significance of Latin American Catholicism increased sharply in the late 1960s when it began to appear that the Church might have unimagined potential for promoting social change, particularly in a continent plagued by social upheaval and political instability (Drekonja, 1971: 59-65). In both word and deed, the postconciliar Church manifested a changing social orientation which entailed open involvement in political issues on behalf of the poor. In fact, by August 1968 and the convening of the Council of Latin American Bishops (CELAM) in Medellín, Colombia, the Church seemed to be changing its social and political attitudes so profoundly that reports of a revolutionary Church began to accompany discussions of the political situation in Latin America. Since Medellín, an important literature has evolved from efforts to understand this change in Latin American Catholicism.

Roman Algeria

1966 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187
Author(s):  
John Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Past

One of the incidental advantages of working in Ibadan is the wide variety of legitimate routes between Lagos and London. These have enabled us to explore the Roman Empire in some thoroughness; we have in the past visited Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Sicily, Tripolitania, Tunisia, and Spain. But we had long had our sights set on Algeria; only the political situation kept us away. By 1965 we decided that the political situation was settled. In fact our bookings came through on the day of Ben Bella's deposition. Equally when we were there in September 1965 the country gave every sign of being tranquil, and we had a time so thrilling that it seemed right to share it publicly in the hope of encouraging others to follow. For the welcome we received was warm beyond belief, and the Roman remains are wonderful, and wonderfully situated in beautiful country.

Radicalism in the Argentine Catholic Church

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Deiner
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Church

ON 11 MAY 1974 FATHER MUGICA, A LEADING SPOKESMAN OF THE Movement of Priests for the Third World (MPTW) and a pro- Peronist, was machine-gunned to death as he left his church in a working-class neighbourhood after celebrating mass. Once again the Catholic Church in Argentina called for peace and understanding as the proper path for Argentines, and the MPTW issued a long statement condemning the use of violence. Nevertheless, the common pleas by the two factions of the Church in Argentina have had little visible effect in stopping the violence through which Argentina is now suffering. In order to understand how the political and doctrinal differences from within the Church in Argentina have influenced in the past and will continue to influence the political developments in Argentina it is first necessary to look at the background of the problem.

The French Revolution Revisited

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-282
Author(s):  
François Furet
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The French Revolution

I SHOULD LIKE TO START WITH AN EXTREMELY SIMPLE STATEment about the French Revolution. This is that there are many historical arguments among historians on many subjects, but that none of these arguments is so intense and so heated as the one which takes place in every generation about the French Revolution. It is as though the historical interpretation of this particular subject and the arguments of specialists directly reflect the political struggles and the gamble for power. It is true that we are all aware today that there are no unbiased historical interpretations: the selection of facts which provide the raw material for the historian's work is already the result of a choice, even although that choice is not an explicit one. To some extent, history is always the result of a relationship between the present and the past and more specifically between the characteristics of an individual and the vast realm of his possible roots in the past. But, nevertheless, even within this relative framework, not all the themes of history are equally relevant to the present interests of the historian and to the passions of his public.

How is art political? The political construction in the discourse of art activism in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Chun Fung
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Art Activism ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
Art And Activism

With the radicalization of activism in Hong Kong in the past decade, it has become increasingly common for artists to engage in the political situation through their creative work; the discussion of art and activism has also become popular and the term ‘art activism’ is usually used to describe such practices, referring it with a new political imagination of art. This article takes the discussion of such practices through the concept of art activism as a complex dynamic of discursive practice. It reflects the ways in which politics are constructed through the discourse of art activism, and how such a concept contributes to its political dynamics in social movements. This article attempts to analyse the changing trajectory of the discourse of art activism and to explore how different actors discuss its confrontational relationship in different contexts. Hence, what kind of politics does this concept refer to? This article suggests that the discourse of art activism has been influenced by the theory of New Social Movements in the West, in which the construction of collective emotions and identities are emphasized. It has become a key element in the political composition of art activism, and provided a new impetus to the dynamics of social movement, but at the same time imposed certain limitations later on. This article takes such a review as an attempt to outline the political construction of the discourse of art activism in Hong Kong, tracing its dynamics and changing trajectories, hence the heterogeneous elements in the discourse of art activism that may provide an alternative perspective in deconstructing its boundaries.

The ‘New Nazis’ or the ‘People of our God’? Jews and Zionism in the Latin Church of Jerusalem, 1948–1962

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
MARIA CHIARA RIOLI
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Church

In the aftermath of the Holocaust the elaboration of Catholic perceptions of the Jewish people has been particularly problematic. The weight of a long tradition of Christian antisemitism and its influence on the Nazi extermination programme, as well as the revision of this attitude before and after the Shoah in various Catholic circles as a means of promoting a rapprochement, made it difficult to redefine the image of Jewish people in the Catholic imagination, and gave rise to different and conflicting interpretations. Some members of the Latin Catholic Church of Jerusalem began to argue for an analogy between Nazism and Zionism. This assertion took different forms as the political situation in Palestine evolved and in response to changing attitudes within the Church towards the Jews. This paper will reconstruct the ‘new Nazis’ paradigm in the Jerusalem Church, analysing three key periods: the 1947–9 Arab-Israeli war; the consolidation of the State of Israel in the 1950s; and the Eichmann trial of 1961–2.

The Elibank Plot, 1752–3

1931 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Past

Of all the myriad projects to restore the House of Stuart that known as the Elibank Plot is by no means the least interesting, and it is certainly the most obscure. So little, indeed, has it been regarded in the past that few historians have thought it worthy even of mention, though it does in fact throw considerable light, not only upon the political situation in Great Britain during the years that immediately followed Culloden, but also upon the intrigues of the leading Powers in the period preceding the Diplomatic Revolution. In view, therefore, of the obscurity in which this conspiracy has hitherto been shrouded, I must crave your permission to give some account of the authorities upon which my interpretation of it is based.

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